猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒GP5蛋白原核表达初步研究

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(Porcine reprodutive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)引发的病毒性传染病,病症主要表现为怀孕母猪早产、流产、木乃伊胎以及仔猪呼吸症状和高死亡率[1,2].该病于1987年首先在美国爆发[3],1990年德国亦发现此病,并迅速传播到欧洲其他国家.我国在1996年报道有该病流行[4],由于该病的迅速蔓延使整个世界养猪业遭受了巨大的经济损失.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合症的病原体,本文对PRRSV的基因组结构、病毒的非结构蛋白和结构蛋白的及其功能的分子生物学研究进展做了简要综述.     

我国两个不同地区猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒分离株ORF5基因序列比例

猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)为动脉炎病毒科成员之一,可引起感染母猪流产、死胎及断奶仔猪呼吸困难和死亡.该病毒呈球形,有囊膜,大小45nm～83nm,基因组为单股RNA,大小约15kb,有8个阅读框(ORF),分别编码2种非结构蛋白和6种结构蛋白,其中ORF5编码病毒糖基化膜蛋白(GP5)[1,2].GP5蛋白为该病毒主要结构蛋白之一,含有病毒线性中和抗原表位.该蛋白可诱导感染细胞发生细胞凋亡[3,4].目前,PRRSV有欧洲型和美州型两个血清型,其结构蛋白基因同源性为54%～70%[5,6].不同美洲型PRRSV野毒株基因也有一定差异.由ORF5基因推导的氨基酸序列有4个相对保守区,但其N端和C端氨基酸残基可变性较大.由该基因构建的重组质粒具有良好免疫原性[7,8].尽管一些欧美国家已普遍使用Resp PRRS弱毒疫苗,但该病仍时有发生[9,10].我国于1996年亦已证实存在该病,并有不断蔓延趋势,已造成我国养猪业严重经济损失.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒华东地区分离株RT-PCR-RFLP分析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)是猪的一种重要传染性疾病病原,已给世界养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失.其主要临床表现为妊娠期母猪的早产、流产、产死胎、弱胎、木乃伊胎,新生仔猪肺炎、生长迟缓.PRRSV为动脉炎病毒科动脉炎病毒属成员.病毒有囊膜、呈球形,基因组为单股正链RNA,大小约15kb,含有8个开放阅读框(ORF),其中ORF1(包括ORF1a和ORF1b)编码病毒RNA复制酶;ORF2-7分别编码病毒结构蛋白:GP2、GP3、GP4、GP5、M和N蛋白.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒E基因克隆及重组腺病毒表达载体的构建

研究采用RT-PCR技术对猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRRSV)E基因进行了克隆、测序和特征分析,得到长度为603 bp,编码201个氨基酸残基的目的基因片段.将克隆到的E基因插入到pAdTrack-CMV穿梭质粒中,再将重组穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV/E用PmeⅠ线性化后电转化携带有腺病毒骨架载体pAdeasy-1的大肠杆菌BJ5183感受态细胞,经细菌内同源重组产生重组腺病毒质粒pAdEasy-E,成功获得了含有PRRSV E基因的重组腺病毒表达载体.为猪繁殖与呼吸综合症活载体疫苗的研制提供了依据.     

PRRSV-PCV2重组病毒的构建及PRRSV转录调控机制研究

目的 本研究旨在探讨猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染性cDNA克隆作为猪圆环病毒(PCV2)的主要免疫原开放阅读框架2(ORF2)表达载体的可行性,以及利用重组病毒对PRRSV复制转录过程进行解剖.方法 以北美株PRRSV感染性克隆pAPRRS为平台进行反向遗传操作,分别在pAPRRS的ORF1和ORF2间,ORF5和ORF6间,ORF6和ORF7间插入PCV2 ORF2,且对拯救病毒vPCV进行了病毒学及分子生物学鉴定.结果 vPCV的sgmRNA2.1利用了PRRSV mRNA2的转录调控序列(TRS),形成由PRRSV GP2和PCV2衣壳蛋白组成的sgmRNA2.1.外源基因的插入同时也导致重组病毒启用新的TRS 而产生3条新亚基因组,其中sgmRNA2.2和sgmRNA2.3采用PCV2上的序列来取代PRRSV RNA2本身的TRS;另一条sgmRNA2.4则为非经典型亚基因组,其TRS在PRRSV相应的AUG下游.结论 2株PRRSV-PCV2重组病毒可以稳定传代,为进一步研发PRRSV遗传标疫苗奠定了基础;插入片段上一些类似TRS序列的引入及插入片段(718bp)过长导致PRRSV ORF2 TRS 本身和其两翼序列的RNA结构变化是引起重组病毒遗传不稳定性的最主要原因;PRRSV可以利用TRS样外源序列作为转录启动子,这为进一步解剖PRRSV复制转录过程奠定了基础.     

PRRSV-PCV2重组病毒的构建及PRRSV转录调控机制的研究

目的 本研究旨在探讨猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染性cDNA克隆作为猪圆环病毒(PCV2)的主要免疫原开放阅读框架2(ORF2)表达载体的可行性,以及利用重组病毒对PRRSV复制转录过程进行解剖。方法 以北美株PRRSV感染性克隆pAPRRS为平台进行反向遗传操作,分别在pAPRRS的ORF1和ORF2间,ORF5和ORF6间,ORF6和ORF7间插入PCV2ORF2,且对拯救病毒vPCV进行了病毒学及分子生物学鉴定。结果 vPCV的sg mRNA2.1利用了PRRSV mRNA2的转录调控序列(TRS),形成由PRRSVGP2和PCV2衣壳蛋白组成的sgm RNA2.1。外源基因的插入同时也导致重组病毒启用新的TRS而产生3条新亚基因组,其中sgm RNA2.2和sgm RNA2.3采用PCV2上的序列来取代PRRSVRNA2本身的TRS;另一条sgm RNA2.4则为非经典型亚基因组,其TRS在PRRSV相应的AUG下游。结论 2株PRRSV-PCV2重组病毒可以稳定传代,为进一步研发PRRSV遗传标疫苗奠定了基础;插入片段上一些类似TRS序列的引入及插入片段(718bp)过长导致PRRSV ORF2 TRS 本身和其两翼序列的RNA结构变化是引起重组病毒遗传不稳定性的最主要原因; PRRSV可以利用TRS样外源序列作为转录启动子,这为进一步解剖PRRSV复制转录过程奠定了基础。     

体外共表达的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5和M蛋白可形成异源二聚体

为了探讨猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)ORF5基因编码的GP5蛋白和ORF6编码的M蛋白体外共表达特性,分别构建了PRRSV ORF5、ORF6单基因或双基因共表达的真核表达质粒pCI-ORF5、pCI-ORF6和pCI-ORF5/ORF6,转染BHK-21细胞,Western blot检测证实共表达的GP5和M蛋白能够形成异源二聚体。同时,以绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)和红色荧光蛋白(RFP)为示踪,发现当ORF5-EGFP和ORF6-RFP共表达时,能促进GP5蛋白从内质网向高尔基体转运,提示GP5-M异源二聚体的形成可能与GP5蛋白的翻译后修饰、转运、定位有关。     

猪圆环病毒2型及猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒的快速检测

呼吸道疾病是猪场最常见的疾病之一,严重影响猪群的健康,已经给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失[1,2].呼吸道疾病的病原复杂多变,不同的猪场病因可能完全不同,从而给疾病的诊断与防治带来了很大的困难.多年的研究表明,呼吸道疾病的病因可能包括猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV)、猪流感病毒、猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,MH)、伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus, PCV2)及猪链球菌或沙门氏菌等[3～8].其中PRRSV与PCV2为近几年新发现的猪重要的传染性病原,且呈不断的蔓延趋势,在呼吸道疾病发生过程中所起的作用日益增强[9,10].     

检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗体的重组N蛋白一乳胶凝集试验的建立

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Poreine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome,PRRS)于1987年首先在美国被发现,现在已经成为危害世界养猪业发展的重要传染病之一.我国已在许多地区分离到该病的病原体-猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruS,PRRSV),从而证实了该病在我国的流行[1～4].这些年来,本病的临诊表现及流行病学也出现了新的变化,如隐性感染及慢性感染病例显著上升,持续性感染在猪群中较为普遍.由于本病同其它引起猪繁殖障碍的疾病(如猪细小病毒病、伪狂犬病等)表现出极为相似的临床症状,并伴随混合感染和继发感染[5]增加了临床诊断的难度.所以,探索一种简便易行具有推广意义的检测方法成为本研究的方向.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆与原核表达研究

采用RT—PCR方法自猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒基因组分离出核衣壳蛋白基因(ofr7),克隆到pMDl8—T载体构建成重组质粒pMDl8N并进行测序比较,结果表明,所克隆的核衣壳蛋白基因序列与PRRSV美洲型ATCCVR—2332株的同源性为100％,表明ofr7是PRRSV基因组内很保守的序列;将ofr7亚克隆到原核表达载体pGEX—KG,构建成重组质粒pGEX—KGN,用pGEX—KGN转化表达菌株BL21,经SDS—PAGE和Western-blot分析表明：克隆在谷胱苷肽转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase(GST)下游的核衣壳蛋白基因与GST获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白GST—N分子量约为41kDa,并且有免疫学反应活性;这为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学诊断方法的建立打下了基础。     

Oral immunogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antigen expressed in transgenic banana

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a persistent threat of economically significant influence to the swine industry worldwide. Recombinant DNA technology coupled with tissue culture technology is a viable alternative for the inexpensive production of heterologous proteins in planta. Embryogenic cells of banana cv. ‘Pei chiao’ (AAA) have been transformed with the ORF5 gene of PRRSV envelope glycoprotein (GP5) using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation and have been confirmed. Recombinant GP5 protein levels in the transgenic banana leaves were detected and ranged from 0.021%–0.037% of total soluble protein. Pigs were immunized with recombinant GP5 protein by orally feeding transgenic banana leaves for three consecutive doses at a 2‐week interval and challenged with PRRSV at 7 weeks postinitial immunization. A vaccination‐dependent gradational increase in the elicitation of serum and saliva anti‐PRRSV IgG and IgA was observed. Furthermore, significantly lower viraemia and tissue viral load were recorded when compared with the pigs fed with untransformed banana leaves. The results suggest that transgenic banana leaves expressing recombinant GP5 protein can be an effective strategy for oral delivery of recombinant subunit vaccines in pigs and can open new avenues for the production of vaccines against PRRSV.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白重组腺病毒的构建与免疫原性测定

应用RT-PCR方法扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒国内分离株S1毒株的GP5基因序列,然后通过KpnI和XhoI酶切位点把该基因克隆入经过同样双酶切的穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV中。重组穿梭载体经过酶切和PCR鉴定后进行测序,证明所克隆入的基因以正确的阅读框插入。获得的重组穿梭载体经线性化后与腺病毒骨架载体共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183菌株。纯化的重组腺病毒质粒经酶切线性化后转染293细胞获得重组腺病毒。重组腺病毒经纯化后进行RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光鉴定,证明了用PRRSVGP5蛋白基因所构建的重组腺病毒成功的表达了GP5蛋白。猪体免疫试验后收集血清进行中和实验证明所构建的重组腺病毒在猪体内能够诱导产生中和抗体,因此我们所构建的重组腺病毒可以作为PRRSV基因工程疫苗研究候选病毒株。     

重组猪肺表面活性蛋白A在体外可抑制PRRSV感染宿主细胞

【目的】研究重组猪肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)在体外对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染的抑制作用。【方法】采用PCR方法从含有猪SP-A基因的质粒中扩增SP-A基因,并将其插入到含有人CD5信号肽序列的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1A-CD5中,构建成SP-A基因的真核分泌型表达载体pcDNA-CD5-SPA/MH。将重组表达载体通过磷酸钙介导转染HEK293T细胞进行瞬时表达,通过Western blot方法鉴定表达产物,采用Ni-NTA琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析法从培养基中分离和纯化重组SP-A蛋白,通过ELISA方法检测SP-A蛋白与PRRSV的结合活性。将SP-A蛋白与PRRSV孵育,然后感染MARC-145细胞和猪肺泡巨噬细胞,感染72 h后测定病毒滴度,分析重组SP-A蛋白对PRRSV感染的抑制作用。【结果】结果表明构建的真核表达载体能够介导SP-A基因在HEK293T细胞中进行分泌表达;表达的重组猪SP-A蛋白能够与PRRSV进行剂量依赖性结合;用重组猪SP-A蛋白与PRRSV进行孵育,然后感染MARC-145细胞和猪肺泡巨噬细胞,结果显示SP-A处理的PRRSV感染细胞后的病变程度明显低于对照组。感染72 h后,SP-A处理组的PRRSV在MARC-145细胞和猪肺泡巨噬细胞的滴度明显低于SP-A非处理组。【结论】重组猪SP-A在体外对PRRSV的感染有明显的抑制作用,揭示SP-A具有抗PRRSV的活性。     

Construction and immunogenicity of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the modified GP5m protein of porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus

Pseudorabies virus (PRV),an alpha-herpesvirus,has been developed as a live viral vector for animal vaccines.However,the PRV recombinant virus TK-/gE-/GP5+expressing GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),based on the PRV genetically depleted vaccine strain TK-/gE-/LacZ+,scarcely stimulated the vaccinated animals to produce neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV.To develop a booster-specific immune response of such PRV recombinants,the ORF5m gene (the modified ORF5 gene having better immune responses)was substituted for the ORF5 gene and introduced into PRV TK-/gE-/LacZ+,resulting in a PRV recombinant named TK-/gE-/GPSm+,which expressed the modified GPSm protein.The recombinant virus was confirmed using PCR,Southern blotting and Western blotting.TK-/gE-/GPSm+and TK-/gE-/GP5+expressing the authentic GP5 protein were inoculated into Balb/c mice to evaluate their immune responses.The results indicated that the protecting neutralization antibodies (the 3/6 vaccinated mice obtained 1:16)and cell immune responses induced by TK-/gE-/GPSm+against PRRSV were higher than that induced by TK-/gE-/GP5+.Thus,the development of the new PRV recombinant expressing the modified GP5m protein as a candidate vaccine established the basis for the study of bivalent genetic engineering vaccines against PRRSV and PRV.     

单纯疱疹病毒2型糖蛋白D成熟肽基因毕赤酵母表达载体的构建及序列分析

构建单纯疱疹病毒2型包膜糖蛋白D成熟肽基因毕赤酵母表达载体,并对序列进行分析,为进行高抗原性的真核表达重组gD蛋白奠定基础。采用PCR扩增HSV2-gD成熟肽基因,将该段基因克隆于pGEM-T克隆载体,转化鉴定后,与巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体(pPIC9K)酶切连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,筛选测序确定构建了pPIC9K?gD的真核表达载体,对克隆的序列进行分析,预测表达产物的理化特性及抗原性。结果显示,获得的重组的酵母表达载体pPIC9K-gD,测序结果证实为HSV2-gD成熟肽基因,序列分析其高度保守,预测蛋白分子量40.63kD,等电点pI为7.15,包含完整成熟肽分值达1.7的多个抗原决定簇。成功构建了HSV2-gD成熟肽基因的毕赤酵母表达载体。     

Recombinant Encephalomyocarditis Viruses Elicit Neutralizing Antibodies against PRRSV and CSFV in Mice

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is capable of infecting a wide range of species and the infection can cause myocarditis and reproductive failure in pigs as well as febrile illness in human beings. In this study, we introduced the entire ORF5 of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or the neutralization epitope regions in the E2 gene of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), into the genome of a stably attenuated EMCV strain, T1100I. The resultant viable recombinant viruses, CvBJC3m/I-ΔGP5 and CvBJC3m/I-E2, respectively expressed partial PRRSV envelope protein GP5 or CSFV neutralization epitope A1A2 along with EMCV proteins. These heterologous proteins fused to the N-terminal of the nonstructural leader protein could be recognized by anti-GP5 or anti-E2 antibody. We also tested the immunogenicity of these fusion proteins by immunizing BALB/c mice with the recombinant viruses. The immunized animals elicited neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV and CSFV. Our results suggest that EMCV can be engineered as an expression vector and serve as a tool in the development of novel live vaccines in various animal species.     

表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒修饰型GP5m蛋白的重组伪狂犬病毒的构建及其在小鼠的免疫反应

猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）是一种良好的兽用活病毒疫苗载体。但以PRV基因缺失疫苗株TK^-/gE^-/LacZ⁺为载体表达PRRSV GP5的重组病毒TK^-/gE^-/GP5⁺免疫实验动物后难以激发抗PRRSV的中和抗体。为了进一步增强这种重组病毒的免疫效力,用具有更好免疫原性的修饰的ORF5基因（ORF5m）代替天然ORF5基因,构建了表达PRRSV的修饰型GP5m蛋白的重组伪狂犬病毒TK^-/gE^-/GP5m⁺。经PCR、Southern blot、Western blot 证实构建正确,并能表达具有活性的GP5m蛋白。将TK^-/gE^-/GP5m⁺与TK^-/gE^-/GP5⁺分别免疫Balb/c小鼠,结果TK^-/gE^-/GP5m⁺免疫小鼠不仅产生了较高水平的抗PRRSV的中和抗体(3/6只达到了1∶16),而且在诱导PRRSV特异性细胞免疫方面也显著优于TK^-/gE^-/GP5⁺,表明TK^-/gE^-/GP5m⁺是一种极有希望的PRRSV和PRV二价基因工程候选疫苗。     

Insertion of the human immunodeficiency virus CD4 receptor into the envelope of vesicular stomatitis virus particles.

Enveloped virus particles carrying the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) CD4 receptor may potentially be employed in a targeted antiviral approach. The mechanisms for efficient insertion and the requirements for the functionality of foreign glycoproteins within viral envelopes, however, have not been elucidated. Conditions for efficient insertion of foreign glycoproteins into the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) envelope were first established by inserting the wild-type envelope glycoprotein (G) of VSV expressed by a vaccinia virus recombinant. To determine whether the transmembrane and cytoplasmic portions of the VSV G protein were required for insertion of the HIV receptor, a chimeric CD4/G glycoprotein gene was constructed and a vaccinia virus recombinant which expresses the fused CD4/G gene was isolated. The chimeric CD4/G protein was functional as shown in a syncytium-forming assay in HeLa cells as demonstrated by coexpression with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the HIV envelope protein. The CD4/G protein was efficiently inserted into the envelope of VSV, and the virus particles retained their infectivity even after specific immunoprecipitation experiments with monoclonal anti-CD4 antibodies. Expression of the normal CD4 protein also led to insertion of the receptor into the envelope of VSV particles. The efficiency of CD4 insertion was similar to that of CD4/G, with approximately 60 molecules of CD4/G or CD4 per virus particle compared with 1,200 molecules of VSV G protein. Considering that (i) the amount of VSV G protein in the cell extract was fivefold higher than for either CD4 or CD4/G and (ii) VSV G protein is inserted as a trimer (CD4 is a monomer), the insertion of VSV G protein was not significantly preferred over CD4 or CD4/G, if at all. We conclude that the efficiency of CD4 or CD4/G insertion appears dependent on the concentration of the glycoprotein rather than on specific selection of these glycoproteins during viral assembly.