山药多糖对大鼠糖尿病肾病的治疗作用

目的：探讨山药多糖治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病的作用。方法：将sD大鼠40只随机分为4组（n=10）：对照组、模型组、苯那普利组和山药多糖组。复制糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,实验第10周统一处死大鼠,测定大鼠肾重／体重、血糖（Bs）、血脂及肾功能。结果：山药多糖能显著降低肾重／体重、血糖（BS）和血脂,改善肾功能。结论：山药多糖具有治疗糖尿病肾病的作用。     

南瓜多糖对糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响

目的：研究南瓜多糖对糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响。方法：Wistar大鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶后。将成模的糖尿病大鼠根据血糖和体重随机分为糖尿病组、消渴丸组和南瓜多糖组,同时设立正常对照组,并分别给予蒸馏水、消渴丸和南瓜多糖灌胃,每周测量体重一次,四周后测定空腹血糖、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和游离脂肪酸的含量。结果：糖尿病组大鼠体重下降,血糖显著升高,甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和游离脂肪酸含量显著增加,而高密度脂蛋白含量显著降低;补充南瓜多糖和消渴丸后,体重逐渐增加,血糖显著下降,总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和游离脂肪酸含量显著降低,高密度脂蛋白含量显著升高,并且南瓜多糖的降糖降脂效果优于消渴丸。结论：南瓜多糖能增加体重,降低糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂,对糖尿病及其并发症有一定的作用。     

灵芝多糖抗肿瘤作用的初步探讨

目的 :初步探讨灵芝多糖对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用。方法 :观察灵芝多糖对 S180 、U14腹水型荷瘤小鼠生存期的影响 ,了解灵芝多糖对 S180 、U14、H2 2 肿瘤细胞有无直接杀伤作用 ,以寻找治疗肿瘤的新方法。结果 :灵芝多糖能够显著延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期 (P<0 .0 5) ,治疗组小鼠的生存期比对照组小鼠的生存期明显延长 ,但是灵芝多糖对肿瘤细胞无直接杀伤作用 (P<0 .0 5)。结论 :灵芝多糖抗肿瘤作用是通过机体的免疫系统介导的。     

葛根素对2型糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用*

目的:观察葛根素对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠的治疗作用。方法:采用高糖高脂饲料喂养加一次性腹腔注射60 mg/kg链脲佐菌素的方法建立T2DM 大鼠模型,随机分为正常组,模型组,二甲双胍(40 mg/kg)组,葛根素低、中、高剂量(40,80,160 mg/kg)组,每组10只大鼠;造模成功后,灌胃给药4周,每周测量大鼠体重和空腹血糖(FBG),末次给药24 h后取血,收集血清,检测各组大鼠的血糖、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC) 、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C),血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性,血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、尿酸(UA)水平。结果:干预4周后,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体重显著降低(P＜0.01),FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,BUN,SCr,UA均显著升高(P＜0.01),而HDL-C 显著降低(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,二甲双胍组和葛根素各剂量组大鼠体重均显著增加(P＜0.01),FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,BUN,SCr,UA均显著降低(P＜0.01),而HDL-C显著升高(P＜0.01)。结论:葛根素能够减少T2DM大鼠体重降低幅度,降低血脂、血糖水平,可用于T2DM的治疗。     

灵芝多糖GLP的抗疱疹病毒作用机理

从灵芝菌丝体中分离得到的多糖GLP具有抑制单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型感染的作用,并对GLP抑制疱疹病毒复制的作用机制进行了初步探讨.GLP对Vero细胞的CC50值大于2 000μg/mL,GLP在疱疹病毒感染细胞前、感染后和病毒感染细胞时加入到细胞悬液中的EC50分别为4.6、50和17μg/mL;而如果将GLP与细胞共同孵育后再用病毒去感染,其EC50为11μg/mL.同时,GLP抑制病毒感染的选择指数分别为435、40、118和182.如果在病毒感染细胞后加入GLP,在病毒的生物大分子的合成完成后而子代病毒粒子还未释放出来前去掉GLP,这时GLP对病毒感染就没有抑制作用.定量PCR试验进一步证明GLP发挥抑制疱疹病毒感染作用是通过阻断病毒感染细胞早期与细胞表明蛋白的吸附来实现的.     

灵芝多糖GLP的抗疱疹病毒作用机理

从灵芝菌丝体中分离得到的多糖GLP具有抑制单纯疱疹病毒I型感染的作用,并对GLP抑制疱疹病毒复制的作用机制进行了初步探讨。GLP对Vero细胞的CC50值大于2000μg/mL,GLP在疱疹病毒感染细胞前、感染后和病毒感染细胞时加入到细胞悬液中的EC50分别为4.6、50和17μg/mL;而如果将GLP与细胞共同孵育后再用病毒去感染,其EC50为11μg/mL。同时,GLP抑制病毒感染的选择指数分别为435、40、118和182。如果在病毒感染细胞后加入GLP,在病毒的生物大分子的合成完成后而子代病毒粒子还未释放出来前去掉GLP,这时GLP对病毒感染就没有抑制作用。定量PCR试验进一步证明GLP发挥抑制疱疹病毒感染作用是通过阻断病毒感染细胞早期与细胞表明蛋白的吸附来实现的。     

灵芝多糖的研究进展

灵芝古称瑞草,在我国作为药物有2000多年的历史。目前,已知灵芝属约有100多种,分布最广的为赤芝（Ganodermelucidum）,其次为紧芝（Ga,;oderl;lcisinensis）。经过大量临床和药理分析表明,灵芝对慢性支气管炎、冠心病、心绞痛、慢性肝炎、神经衰弱、心悸头晕等均有不同程度的疗效。目前已知灵芝属的一些种具有明显的抗癌活性和抗衰老活性［’－‘］。l灵芝多糖的发现和结构组成目前,已分离到200多种灵芝多糖,其中大部分为卜型的葡聚糖,大多存在于灵芝细胞壁内壁。液体培养的发酵液和固体培养的培养基中有灵芝菌丝体分泌的胞外多…     

灵芝多糖对Aβ25-35诱导阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠脑组织的保护作用

目的研究灵芝多糖(GLP)对Aβ25-35诱导阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠脑组织的影响。方法采用双侧海马内一次性注射β-淀粉样多肽25-35片段(Aβ25-35)制作大鼠AD模型,再连续7天腹腔注射GLP,随后进行行为学测定,采用HE染色、透射电镜及免疫组织化学等方法检测海马神经元的结构变化及反应性星形胶质细胞活化程度的影响。结果海马内注射Aβ25-35后海马细胞增生、聚集,核边聚、碎裂,电镜观察显示,锥体细胞胞浆水肿,内质网池扩张,星形胶质细胞增生肥大,GLP组病变显著减轻,超微结构尚属正常,海马星形胶质细胞较AD组显著减少。结论灵芝多糖对Aβ25-35诱导阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠脑组织内海马退行性变神经元有一定的保护作用,并能降低脑组织内的神经炎症反应。     

马齿苋多糖抗糖尿病作用的实验研究

为了观察马齿苋多糖的抗糖尿病作用,本实验用四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病模型小鼠,观察了马齿苋多糖液灌胃后5、10和15 d的空腹血糖浓度的改变,以及糖负荷30、60、120 min后葡萄糖耐量变化.结果表明,马齿苋多糖可显著降低糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖和改善其糖耐量异常,且与处理浓度和时间呈正相关性.上述指标显示马齿苋多糖具有抗糖尿病作用.     

Anti-atherogenic effects of fibrates in type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is an increasing cause of premature coronary heart disease. Several trials with lipid-modifying therapy have included sufficient numbers of diabetics to indicate that treatment of diabetic dyslipidaemia with either fibrates or statins reduces the risk of future coronary events in such patients. However, until recently no reported study had been designed specifically to investigate the effects of intervening in patients with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS) is an angiographic study in which 418 diabetic subjects were randomized to micronised fenofibrate or placebo groups. After 3 years of treatment, the fenofibrate group had a significantly reduced rate of progression of coronary atherosclerosis. This study, when considered with the results of other studies that have included diabetics, has important implications for the treatment of diabetic dyslipidaemia. The evidence that is currently available supports a place for both fibrates and statins, either as monotherapy or in combination, in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidaemia.     

Therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of human embryonic stem cells(h ESCs)for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS:Patients with a previous history of diabetes and its associated complications were enrolled and injected with hE SC lines as per the defined protocol.The patients were assessed using Nutech functional score(NFS),a numeric scoring scale to evaluate the patients for 11 diagnostic parameters.Patients were evaluated at baseline and at the end of treatment period 1(T1).All the parameters were graded on the NFS scale from 1to 5.Highest possible grade(HPG)of 5 was considered as the grade of best improvement.RESULTS:Overall,94.8%of the patients showed improvement by at least one grade of NFS at the end of T1.For all the 11 parameters evaluated,54%of patients achieved HPG after treatment.The four essential parameters(improvement in glycated hemoglobin(HbA 1c)and insulin level,and fall in number of other oral hypoglycemic drugs with and without insulin)are presented in detail.For Hb A1c,72.6%of patients at the end of T1 met the World Health Organization cut off value,i.e.,6.5%of HbA 1c.For insulin level,65.9%of patients at the end of T1 were able to achieve HPG.After treatment,the improvement was seen in 16.3%of patients who required no more than two medications along with insulin.Similarly,21.5%of patients were improved as their dosage regimen for using oral drugs was reduced to 1-2 from 5.CONCLUSION:hE SC therapy is beneficial in patients with diabetes and helps in reducing their dependence on insulin and other medicines.     

灵芝多糖发酵工艺条件的研究

通过对灵芝菌As5.504发酵,研究不同糖源、氮源、生长因子及接种量、装液量对灵芝细胞生长和灵芝多糖生产的影响。结果表明当以葡萄糖,蛋白胨,VB5分别为碳源、氮源、生长因子及接种量、装液量分别为7.5mL、150mL时,为As5.504产多糖最佳发酵工艺条件,产多糖量最高为0.940g·L-1。     

白花蛇舌草对Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导的大鼠类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用

目的：探讨白花蛇舌草（HD）对Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导的大鼠类风湿性关节炎（CIA）的治疗作用。方法：取SD大鼠60只随机分为对照组10只、造模组50只,造模组于背部皮内注射Ⅱ型胶原乳剂建立CIA大鼠模型,采用大鼠关节炎评分法评价其模型是否复制成功。造模组再随机分为模型组、雷公藤多苷（GTW）6 mg/kg组、白花蛇舌草3、6、12 g/kg组,每组10只,每天灌胃给予相应的试剂。每周观察关节炎指数和痛阈,于连续干预28 d后,各组大鼠眼眶静脉取血,观察白细胞介素1β（IL-lβ）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、核因子κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）及护骨素（OPG）水平。结果：与对照组比较,模型组大鼠关节炎指数,血清IL-lβ、TNF-α、PGE₂、RANKL、OPG及RANKL/OPG水平均明显升高（P<0.05）,光照阈值明显降低（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,雷公藤多苷组、白花蛇舌草低、中、高剂量组关节炎指数,血清IL-lβ、TNF-α、PGE₂、RANKL、OPG及RANKL/OPG水平均明显降低（P<0.05）,光照阈值明显升高（P<0.05）。结论：白花蛇舌草可明显降低CIA模型大鼠关节炎指数,升高痛域阈值,下调IL-lβ、TNF-α、PGE₂、RANKL、OPG水平,从而有效的防治CIA。     

牛磺酸对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的：探讨牛磺酸（taurine）对Ⅱ型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）大鼠血液流变学及氧化应激的影响。方法：将40只Wistar大鼠随机取10只为正常对照组（control组）、其余30只大鼠中取20只符合模型标准的大鼠随机分为糖尿病组（DM组）和牛磺酸治疗组（Tau组,采用20g/L牛磺酸生理盐水溶液治疗,200mg/kgbw）,前两组注射等体积的生理盐水溶液。8周后,测3组大鼠血浆葡萄糖、糖化血红蛋白、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）及血液流变学指标。结果：与对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠血糖、MDA及糖化血红蛋白明显升高,SOD活性降低,全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞压积明显增大,红细胞变形指数减小;牛磺酸能明显降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖、MDA和糖化血红蛋白（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,显著升高造模大鼠SOD（P〈0.01）;并且明显降低大鼠全血黏度（P〈0.05）、降低红细胞聚集指数（P〈0.05）,提高红细胞变性指数（P〈0.05）。结论：牛磺酸改善糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性可能与其提高大鼠的抗氧化能力有关,对防治糖尿病血管并发症有较好作用。     

二氢杨梅素对2型糖尿病小鼠认知功能障碍的影响

目的：观察二氢杨梅素（DHM）对2型糖尿病（T2DM）小鼠认知功能障碍及海马中BDNF蛋白表达的影响。方法：将40只C57BL/6J小鼠首先随机分为两组：正常对照组（n=8）：普通饲料喂养;2型糖尿病模型组（n=32）：高糖高脂联合100 mg/kg的STZ处理（造模过程中死亡5只,不成功3只）。24只建模成功的小鼠随机分成3组：T2DM组、T2DM+L-DHM组和T2DM+H-DHM组,3组小鼠高糖高脂喂养,同时分别用等体积生理盐水、125 mg/（kg·d）的DHM和250 mg/（kg·d）的DHM （1次/天,灌胃）处理16周。正常对照小鼠继续普通饲料喂养,同时用等体积生理盐水（1次/天,灌胃）处理16周。16周后测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖、进行腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量实验和相关行为学实验。最后,Western blot检测各组小鼠海马中BDNF蛋白的表达。结果：高糖高脂联合100 mg/kg的STZ成功建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型。16周后,与正常对照组相比,T2DM组小鼠体重明显下降,空腹血糖显著升高,糖耐量显著异常;而T2DM+DHM组相比T2DM组小鼠体重却显著增加、空腹血糖降低,且H-DHM可显著改善T2DM小鼠糖耐量异常。行为学实验结果显示：与正常对照组相比,T2DM组小鼠学习记忆能力明显下降;与T2DM组相比,T2DM+DHM组小鼠学习记忆能力得到改善,且H-DHM组更为明显。Western blot结果显示：与对照组相比,T2DM组小鼠海马中BDNF蛋白表达显著下降,而DHM组相比T2DM组小鼠其BDNF蛋白的表达明显增加。结论：二氢杨梅素可改善2型糖尿病小鼠认知功能障碍,其机制可能通过降血糖作用,并激活海马中BDNF蛋白表达。     

槟榔碱对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗的作用

目的：探讨槟榔碱对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗的影响及其机制。方法：采用高果糖饲料饲养Wistar大鼠12周制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型,实验动物随机分为5组（n=8）：对照组、模型组、模型＋不同浓度的槟榔碱（0,0．5,1,5mg／kg）组。4周后通过检测血糖、血脂、胰岛素、RT-PCR检测肝脏组成型雄甾烷受体（CAR）、孕甾烷x受体（PXR）、糖代谢相关基因：葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶（G6Pase）、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）和炎症相关因子：白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）mRNA表达,Western blot检测大鼠肝内p-AKT和葡萄糖转运体4（GLUT4）蛋白表达。结果：1,5mg／kg槟榔碱显著降低糖尿病大鼠体重、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂和糖代谢相关基因及炎症相关因子mRNA水平,提高CAR、PXR mRNA水平及p-AKT、GLUT4蛋白水平。结论：槟榔碱可能通过提高CAR和PXR的表达,导致肝脏糖代谢关键酶PEPCK、G6Pase基因表达或者炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（n-6）表达降低,改善2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗。     

Therapeutic effects of menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells on mouse models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D),a chronic metabolic and autoimmune disease,seriously endangers human health.In recent years,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation has become an effective treatment for diabetes.Menstrual bloodderived endometrial stem cells(MenSC),a novel MSC type derived from the decidual endometrium during menstruation,are expected to become promising seeding cells for diabetes treatment because of their noninvasive collection procedure,high proliferation rate and high immunomodulation capacity.AIM To comprehensively compare the effects of MenSC and umbilical cord-derived MSC(UcMSC)transplantation on T1D treatment,to further explore the potential mechanism of MSC-based therapies in T1D,and to provide support for the clinical application of MSC in diabetes treatment.METHODS A conventional streptozotocin-induced T1D mouse model was established,and the effects of MenSC and UcMSC transplantation on their blood glucose and serum insulin levels were detected.The morphological and functional changes in the pancreas,liver,kidney,and spleen were analyzed by routine histological and immunohistochemical examinations.Changes in the serum cytokine levels in the model mice were assessed by protein arrays.The expression of target proteins related to pancreatic regeneration and apoptosis was examined by western blot.RESULTS MenSC and UcMSC transplantation significantly improved the blood glucose and serum insulin levels in T1D model mice.Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the numbers of insulin+and CD31+cells in the pancreas were significantly increased in MSC-treated mice compared with control mice.Subsequent western blot analysis also showed that vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),Bcl2,Bcl-xL and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in pancreatic tissue was significantly upregulated in MSC-treated mice compared with control mice.Additionally,protein arrays indicated that MenSC and UcMSC transplantation significantly downregulated the serum levels of interferonγand tumor necrosis factorαand upregulated the serum levels of interleukin-6 and VEGF in the model mice.Additionally,histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that MSC transplantation systematically improved the morphologies and functions of the liver,kidney,and spleen in T1D model mice.CONCLUSION MenSC transplantation significantly improves the symptoms in T1D model mice and exerts protective effects on their main organs.Moreover,MSC-mediated angiogenesis,antiapoptotic effects and immunomodulation likely contribute to the above improvements.Thus,MenSC are expected to become promising seeding cells for clinical diabetes treatment due to their advantages mentioned above.     

灵芝菌丝体深层培养及多糖提取工艺研究

灵芝ＳＤ－２２菌株培养条件,培养基组分、ｐＨ、通气量、培养时间等对该菌的生物量和多糖含量均有影响。初步确定了灵芝多糖提取工艺。在优化条件下,生物量为１．８６ｇ／１００ｍｌ培养基,灵芝多糖产量为５１ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ培养基