单小叶黄耆——内蒙古豆科一新记录种

报道了内蒙古豆科黄耆属一新记录种--单小叶黄耆(Astragalus vallestris Kamelin).该种隶属于丁字毛类群的糙叶组(Sect.Trachycercis Bunge),最早发现于蒙古,最近的文献记载它在中国新疆有分布,而在内蒙古发现该种使其分布区有了新的扩展.     

中国黄耆属(豆科)丁字毛类群2新种——额尔齐斯黄耆和沙地黄耆

描述了产于中国新疆的黄耆属（Astragalus）丁字毛类群2新种,即额尔齐斯黄耆（Astragalus eerqisiensis Z.Y.Chang,L. R. Xu ＆ D.Podlech）和沙地黄耆（A.shadiensis L. R. Xu,Z.Y.Chang ＆ D.Podlech）.其中,额尔齐斯黄耆仅见于新疆布尔津县的额尔齐斯河流域,与哈巴河黄耆（A.habaheensis）近缘,区别在于前者小叶菱形、倒卵形或椭圆形,长15～25（30）mm,宽（3）7～12（15）mm,旗瓣长20～22（25）mm,翼瓣顶端2裂;沙地黄耆产于新疆托克逊县东北部,散生于沙地荒漠,形态上与变异黄耆（A. variabilis Bunge ex Maxim.）接近,区别在于小叶5～7（9）枚而非11～19枚,旗瓣在中部收缩,植株全体被灰色毛而呈灰色.2新种均系中国特有种,其中额尔齐斯黄耆隶属于乌拉尔组（A. Sect.Helmia Bunge）,沙地黄耆隶属于旱生组[A. Sect.Craccina（Stev.）Bunge].     

云南产凤尾蕨属植物(凤尾蕨科)的新修订

在《中国植物志》和《云南植物志》的基础上,对云南产凤尾蕨属植物进行新的分类修订。文中澄清了8个混淆类群,其中新等级1种,即高原凤尾蕨Pteriscuspigera(Chingex Ching et S.H.Wu)X.Q.Song;云南分布新记录1种,即假指状凤尾蕨Pteris psudodactylina Ching et S.K.Wu;新异名3个,即Pteris asperi-caulis var.cuspigera Chingex Ching et S.H.Wu,Pteris inaequalis Bak.及Pteris wallichiana var.yunnanensis(Christ)Ching et S.H.Wu。还列出了新修订种类的文献引证、标本引证、生境和地理分布。经该文研究确认,现知云南有该属植物48种。     

横断山高山冰缘带5种黄耆属植物的核型分析

通过常规植物染色压片法对采自横断山高山冰缘带地区豆科黄耆属（Astragalus）5种植物进行了染色体数目及核型分析。结果显示：川西黄耆（A. craibianus Simps.）、无茎黄耆（A. acaulis Baker）、梭果黄耆（A. ernestii Comb.）、东俄洛黄耆（A. tongolensis Ulbr.）为二倍体,窄翼黄耆（A. degensis Ulbr.）为四倍体,所有物种的染色体基数均为x=8;川西黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=6sm+10m,为2A型,无茎黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2sm+14m,为2A型,梭果黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2sm+14m,为2A型,窄翼黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=4x=32=4sm+28m,为1A型,东俄洛黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2st+2sm+12m,为2A型。已报道横断山的黄耆属物种均为二倍体,而本研究首次发现了四倍体种,研究结果补充了横断山高山地区黄耆属植物染色体的基础资料,同时为该区域的植物系统分类及属内植物进化研究提供了细胞分类学上的参考。     

秦岭黄耆属植物小志

研究了秦岭黄耆属植物,报道该地区共有黄耆属植物３０种、１亚种和２变种,其中有９种、１变种为该地区新记录。     

西藏墨脱悬钩子属植物小志

该文在野外调查、标本采集、标本查阅与鉴定及文献考证的基础上,对西藏墨脱县产的蔷薇科悬钩子属植物进行了系统整理。结果表明:目前发现该区共有悬钩子属植物28种4变种,其中Rubus lineatus Reinw. var. glabrior Hook. f.为中国分布新记录植物,小柱悬钩子(R. columellaris Tutcher)、红毛悬钩子(R. wallichianus Wight et Arn.)、独龙悬钩子(R. taronensis C. Y. Wu ex T. T. Yu et L. T. Lu)和疏松悬钩子(R. efferatus Craib)为西藏分布新记录植物。该文还对《中国植物志》和Flora of China中该属部分学名的不恰当使用进行了探讨。     

中国西北地区11种黄耆属植物的细胞学研究

对分布于中国西北地区的11种黄耆属植物进行了细胞学研究,其中9种作了核型分析。结果表明,杯萼黄耆（Astragalus cupulicalycinus）为六倍体（2n=48）,酒泉黄耆（A.jiuquanensis）具有2种细胞型：2n=32的四倍体和2n=48的六倍体,其余种类均为二倍体（2n=16)。9个种的核型公式分别为：木黄耆（A.arbuscula）,2n=16=14 2sm,“1A”核型;胀萼黄耆（A.ellipsoideus）,2n=16=10m 6sm,“2A”核型;粗毛黄耆（A.scabrisetus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型;秦岭黄耆（A.henryi),2n=16=8m 8sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;哈巴河黄耆（A.habaheensis）,2n=16=10m 6sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;变异黄耆（A.variabilis）,2n=16=4m 10sm(2SAT) 2t,“2A”核型;喜沙黄耆（A.ammodytes),2n=16=6m 10sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;密花黄耆（A.densiflorus),2n=16=6m(2SAT) 10sm,“2A”核型;茧荚黄耆（A.lehmannianus),2n=16=14m(2SAT) 2st,“2A”核型。所有研究种中,仅变异黄耆的染色体数目有过报道,其余种的染色体数目及核型均为首次报道。     

科布尔黄耆（豆科）新异名及其在中国分布的新资料

通过野外标本采集、鉴定和对国内标本馆大量标本的观察研究,在国内文献中首次报道了科布尔黄耆(As-tragalus koburensis Bunge);纠正了之前国内几个标本馆将科布尔黄耆鉴定为乳白花黄耆(A.galactites Pall.)的错误;同时将宁夏黄耆(A.ningxiaensis Podlech et L.R.Xu)处理为科布尔黄耆的一个异名;并对科布尔黄耆在中国的分布范围和生态地理特征进行了讨论。     

《秦岭植物志》种子植物补遗--被子植物门的双子叶植物(1)

报道了《秦岭植物志》遗漏的26种(含3个种下分类群)植物,26种植物分属于17属,13科。其中大血藤科(Sargentodoxaceae)和铁青树科(Olacaceae)为遗漏科,大血藤科的大血藤属(Sargentodoxa)、铁青树科的青皮木属(Schoepfia)、五味子科的南五味子属(Kadsura)、樟科的黄肉楠属(Actinodaphne)和虎耳草科的钻地风属(Schizophragma)为遗漏属。     

中国黄耆属脬萼亚属的新分布

脬萼亚属Subgenus Calycophysa为A. Bunge 1868-69年所建立。Calycophysa加词是希腊文kalyx+physis的复合字,词义是植物的花萼膨胀肿大成脬状,即像动物的尿脬(通称膀胱)。建立的伊始,分15组,135种。后经苏联、阿富汗、巴基斯坦等国家植物志的继续报道,共达160多种,分布中心在中亚至高加索一带。中国到目前为止,还未见到记载。作者在编写《中国植物志》41卷(豆科)黄耆属过程中,查阅了国内各大标本室后,发现我国也有分布,尽管种类不多。兹列于下:     

A New Species of Genus Astragalus L. from Nei Mongol

In this paper one new species of the genus Astragalus L. (Papilionaceae) is des-cribed from Nei Monggol, China. It is A. daqingshanicus Z. G. Jiang et Z. T. Yin.     

Species identification of Radix Astragali (Huangqi) by DNA sequence of its 5S-rRNA spacer domain

About 300 species and varieties of Astragalus are identified in China, making the identification of the origin of a particular Astragalus species on the consumer market difficult. A molecular genetic approach was developed to identify various species of Astragalus. Although the 5S-rRNA coding sequence is conserved in higher eukaryotes, the spacer domain of the 5S-rRNA gene has great diversity among different species. The 5S-rRNA spacer domain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the isolated genomic DNA, and the PCR products (approximately 300 bp) covering the 5S-rRNA spacer domain were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of Astragalus membranaceus, A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, A. lehmannianus, A. hoantchy, and of one closely related species Hedysarum polybotrys (Hongqi), were determined. Diversity in DNA sequence and restriction enzyme mapping among various species was found in their 5S-rRNA spacer domains. This is the first report on the detection of 5S-rRNA spacer region sequence of Astragalus, and the results could be used for genetic identification of Huangqi.     

Phenotypic and genetic diversity of rhizobia isolated from nodules of the legume genera Astragalus, Lespedeza and Hedysarum in northwestern China

Twenty-nine rhizobial isolates from root nodules of the wild Legumes Astragalus, Lespedeza and Hedysarum growing in the northwestern region of China, were characterized by numerical taxonomy, RFLP and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA genes, and cross-nodulation with selected Legume species. Based on the results from numerical taxonomy, the isolates could be divided into two main groups (Clusters 1 and 2) and some single isolates at 82% similarity. CLuster 1 contained six isolates from Astragalus, Lespedeza and Hedysarum spp. Cluster 2 consisted of nine isolates from Astragalus and Hedysarum species. The phytogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that SH199, representing cluster 1, belonged to the Rhizobium-Agrobacterium group, and SH290B, representing cluster 2, was closely related to R. galegae and R. huautlense.     

Molecular phylogeny of selected Old World Astragalus (Fabaceae): incongruence among chloroplast trnL-F, ndhF and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences

This study reports maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of selected Old World Astragalus using two chloroplast fragments including trnL-F and ndhF and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS). A total of 52 taxa including 34 euploid Old World and New World Astragalus , one aneuploid species from the Neo-Astragalus clade as a representative and 14 other Astragalean taxa, plus Cheseneya astragalina and two species of Caragana as outgroups were analyzed for both trnL-F and nrDNA ITS regions. ndhF was analyzed in 30 taxa and the same number for the combination of these three datasets were examined. In general, the trnL-F dataset and the ndhF and nrDNA ITS datasets generated more or less the same clades within Astragalus . However, in the trnL-F and ndhF phylogenies, Astragalus species are not gathered in a single clade, the so-called Astragalus s.s., as indicated by the nrDNA ITS tree. Visual inspection of these three phylogenies revealed that they were inconsistent regarding the position and relationships of Astragalus hemsleyi , A. ophiocarpus , A. annularis–A. epiglottis / Astragalus pelecinus, A. echinatus and A. arizonicus . Incongruence length difference test suggested that the trnL-F , ndhF and nrDNA ITS datasets were incongruent. In spite of this, phylogenetic analyses of the combined datasets as one unit or as three partitions generated trees that were topologically similar as a mix of the cpDNA and the nrDNA ITS trees. However, the combined dataset provided more resolved and statistically supported clades. The recently described A. memoriosus appeared closely related to A. stocksii (both from sect. Caraganella ) based on both trnL-F and nrDNA ITS sequences.     

Astragalus ansinii sp. nov. (Fabaceae) from Turkey, and a contribution to the sectional taxonomy

Astragalus ansinii A. Uzun, Terzioğlu & S. Palabaş-Uzun, a new species from northeast Anatolia is described and illustrated. It belongs to Astragalus sect. Hypoglottis Bunge, but the characters in combination do not match completely with this section because the legumes, leaves and calyces are glabrous. This local endemic is known from two adjacent localities with several individuals. Astragalus ansinii is morphologically most similar to A. viridissimus but differs mainly by indumentum, numbers of pairs of leaflets and seed shape together with metric data related to calyx, standard and peduncle. Nuclear ITS was analysed in both species and was found to be highly similar. In addition, the seed morphology, distribution, conservation status and ecology of both species are discussed.     

Diverse genomic species and evidences of symbiotic gene lateral transfer detected among the rhizobia associated with Astragalus species grown in the temperate regions of China

Based on the analyses of ribosomal DNA and housekeeping genes, a total of 118 bacterial isolates obtained from 13 Astragalus species grown in the temperate region of China were identified as 19 genomic species of Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium, two of them being putatively new species. Phylogenetic comparison of symbiotic genes (nodC and nifH) and housekeeping genes showed that the symbiotic genes of the Astragalus rhizobia were maintained by both vertical and horizontal transfer. The results demonstrated that the Astragalus species were very promiscuous hosts for rhizobia and that their rhizobia had very diverse genomic and symbiotic gene backgrounds.     

云南黄芪属(豆科)新资料

A new variety Astragalus englerianus Ulbr.var.gingdongensis Z.G.Qian,var.nov.andnew synonyms Astragalus saccatocarpus K.T.Fu,Astragalus naignichus Y.H.Xu et Q.R.Liu,As-tragalus voburus Y.H.Xu et Q.R.Liu are reported in this paper.     

基于ITS序列对中国簇毛黄耆亚属（黄耆属）系统学问题的初步研究

测定了簇毛黄耆亚属（Pogonophace)4组8种和外类群Caragana roborovskyi的ITS序列,从GenBank中调出相关12属47种的ITS序列,组成数据距阵,应用PAUP程序中的最大简约法构建了系统发育树状图。扁荚组（Sect.Sesbanella)与亚属其余类群在系统树上处于不同的分支,亲缘关系较远这个亚属不是一个单系类群;膨果组（Sect.Bibracteola)。背扁组（Sect.Phyllolobium)和袋果组（Sect.Trichostylus)作为一个单系类群能得到ITS序列的支持,但与分组以及膨果组下系的划分都得不到ITS序列分析的支持。     

Phylogenetic Origin of Phyllolobium with a Further Implication for Diversification of Astragalus in China

Astragalus is a species-rich genus occurring in the western arid habitats in China and its diversification and infrageneric relationships in this region remain unclear. In the present study, based on molecular data, we aim to (i) test whether Phyllolobium (previously treated as a subgenus Pogonophace in Astragalus ) should be warranted; and (ii) date the origin of Phyllolobium and probable diversification of Astragalus sensu stricto (s.s.). We sequenced five species from Phyllolobium first and collected all related sequences from the genus, Astragalus s.s and their close relatives ( Oxytropis and Caragana etc.). Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that all species of Phyllolobium comprise a monophyletic sister-group to genera of the subtribe Coluteinae. Molecular dating suggested that Phyllolobium and Astragalus s.s. originated around 8 and 10 million years ago. These two estimates are highly consistent with the intense uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau inferred from geological evidence. In addition, one section of Pogonophace (Sect. Robusti) was estimated to originate 2.5 million years ago and this section with a tendency for dry habitats seems to be evidence of Asian intensified aridity resulting from the intense uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.