Effect of biseptol on the adrenal cortex of the white rat in postoperative shock

The study aimed to find out the effect of sulfonamide combined with Trimetaprim-Biseptol 480 on the adrenal cortex in post-operative shock after removal of SPIGELian lobe (lobectomy of the lobus caudatus and unilaterally of one kidney with its suprarenal gland. The study was performed on a material of white rats which were post-operatively administered Biseptol 480 in doses 5 times bigger than those given to men. It was attempted to determine histochemically the intensity of the adrenal cortex' function by testing the number of lipid droplets, activity of the main enzyme of steroidogenesis (beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase) and the level of alpha-ketols (as the final stage of steroidogenesis). Pathomorphologic examinations were also performe. On the basis of the present study's results, it was observed that - in the case of liver-lobectomy - the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis are functionally stimulated but the zona glomerulosa becomes insufficient. In the case of nephrectomy plus suprarenal gland's removal, all the adrenal cortex becomes insufficient. Administration of Biseptol in the 1st case contributed to hormonal inactivation of the zone glomerulosa cells, but in the 2nd case, it caused an increased activity of steroid dehydrogenase and an increase of the alpha-ketol level in the zona fasciculata.     

Behavior of selected oxidoreductases in histochemical and electro- phoretic studies of the rat kidney after administration of Biseptol 480 (co-trimoxazole)

Examinations of the rat kidney metabolism were carried out by histological (staining with haematoxylin and eosin), histochemical (response to lactate and succinic dehydrogenases activities), and electrophoretic methods (separation of isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase) after treating animals with the sulphonamide Biseptol 480, for 7 (consecutive) d by stomach tube. Biseptol given to the animals exceeded 10 times human therapeutical dose. It was found out that Biseptol 480, applied to the animals with healthy urinary system, does not pathologically disturb the examined stages of the metabolic processes in the rat's kidney.     

DNA synthesis during larval development and compensatory growth in the mesonephros of Xenopus laevis.

Autoradiography following tritiated thymidine administration to Xenopus laevis tadpoles of stages 45–48 of larval development has revealed that, as the cells of the mesonephric kidney differentiate during organogenesis, there is a marked decrease in the percentage of cells synthesizing DNA (from 100% at stage 45 to less than 9% at stage 48). In the adult this figure is of the order of 0.1%. This reduced DNA synthetic activity was found to take place in the cells of both the proximal and distal tubules of the nephrons. Special mucous cells which serve as markers of distal tubules were not observed to synthesize DNA after the onset of their differentiation at stage 48 of larval development.Through the partial extirpation of tissue in one kidney of adult Xenopus laevis males, DNA synthesis was reactivated in differentiated cells. The increased DNA synthetic activity following partial unilateral nephrectomy was found to be maximal after 6 days of recovery when 19% of cells synthesize DNA. This increased DNA synthetic activity was found to occur only in the cells of the distal tubules, both mucous and nonmucous cells, while the cells of the proximal tubules did not respond to this reactivation.The apparent inability of proximal tubule cells to synthesize DNA following partial unilateral nephrectomy is discussed.     

Histochemical and electrophoretic determination of a selected element of the rat myocardium metabolism as exemplified by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH/E.C.1.1.1.27/) following administration of the preparation Biseptol 480 (co-trimoxazole)

Histochemical and electrophoretic examinations of the effect of Biseptol 480 on lactate dehydrogenase in the rat heart muscle were carried out on white male rats of Wistar strain of about 300 g in weight. The rats were divided into 2 groups: experimental group of 10 rats and a control one of 5 rats. Experimental rats were given, by stomach tube, 80 g of Biseptol 480, suspended in 1 cm3 of distilled water for 7 consecutive d. Control rats were given 1 cm3 of distilled water for 7 consecutive d too. Samples were taken from the experimental and control rats to examine lactate dehydrogenase and to make isoenzyme separation. The lack of differences between the experimental rat samples and those control ones permitted to conclude that Biseptol 480 administered to rats, did not bring about significant histoenzymatic and electrophoretic changes suggesting a disbalance in the examined stage of metabolism in the rat heart muscle.     

Histochemical and electrophoretic studies of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH/E.C. 1.1.1.27/) activity in the rat liver following the administration of Biseptol 480 (co-trimoxazole)

The present experiments are stimulated by some reports suggesting disturbances in the liver metabolism after application of Biseptol 480. 10 a ago, Biseptol has been widely used in the treatment of some inflammatory states of the respiratory and urinary systems, the alimentary canal, the genitals, and of some bacterial skin infection. The examinations were carried out on 15 white male rats of Wistar strain which were treated by 80 mg of the sulphonamide Biseptol 480 for 7 consecutive days, by stomach tube. Histochemical activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and isoenzymatic composition of LDH were estimated in the liver's experimental sections. The results show a decrease of LDH activity in the liver tissue and the absence of LDH-5 and LDH-1 fractions in the experimental electrophoregrams. They confirm some authors' supposition of some disturbances in the liver metabolism following application of Biseptol 480.     

Characteristics of the immune response to a single peroral administration of different doses of corpuscular pertussis vaccine

The effect of oral administrations of different doses of pertussis vaccine on the humoral and cell-mediated responses of systemic immunity and on the immunomorphological transformation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was studied in (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 mice. On day 28 after the administration of all the tested doses of pertussis vaccine the animals were found to have a high degree of protection from the development of meningoencephalitis induced by the inoculation of Bordetella pertussis in the absence of specific hemagglutinins in their blood sera. At the same time the formation of spontaneous and immune rosette-forming cells and splenocytes was found to be inversely related to the administered dose. The immunomorphological transformation observed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine and in the lymphoid tissue associated with the small intestine was indicative of the stimulation of local immunity. The results thus obtained suggest that a single oral administration of pertussis vaccine to mice stimulates cell-mediated and humoral reactions of local immunity and induces the development of systemic cell-mediated immunity.     

四君子汤及其纳米制剂对微生态失调小鼠的调整作用

目的研究四君子汤水提液及纳米制剂对肠道微生态失调小鼠的调整作用。方法应用林可霉素灌胃建立小鼠肠道微生态失调模型,然后应用四君子汤水提液(常态中药)及其纳米制剂进行治疗,同时设正常、阳性对照及自然恢复组,于给药6 d后处死小鼠,进行肠道菌群检测、肠组织电镜检查及肝脏细菌易位检测。结果林可霉素灌胃3 d后,小鼠肠道菌群失调,肠黏膜损伤严重,肝脏有大量细菌易位。持续6 d治疗后,肠道双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌量明显上升,损伤的肠黏膜基本修复,肝脏细菌易位数量大幅度下降。各治疗组间比较纳米中药组的效果要好于常态中药和丽珠肠乐组(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论2种不同粒径的中药均能扶植肠道正常菌群生长,促进肠黏膜损伤修复,控制细菌易位。但纳米中药效果优于常态中药,且用药量小。     

不同剂量丹参注射液联合泼尼松龙治疗口腔粘膜下纤维性变的临床研究

目的：探讨采用不同剂量的丹参注射液联合波尼松龙治疗口腔粘膜下纤维性病的治疗效果,为今后的治疗提供更多的依据。方法：选择从2010年1月至2013年1月期间在我院口腔科治疗的100例口腔粘膜下纤维性病患者,根据门诊号,随机将患者分为低剂量组、次低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组和对照组,每组各20例,低剂量组、次低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,分别使用不同剂量丹参注射液联合波尼松龙治疗,对照组单纯使用波尼松龙治疗,观察治疗一个疗程后患者口腔粘膜情况及张口度。结果：中剂量组和高剂量组情况改善要明显好于低剂量、次低剂量组、对照组,差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：丹参注射液联合泼尼松龙治疗口腔粘膜下纤维性病疗效令人满意,其中低剂量丹参注射液便有效果,一定范围内剂量越高,疗效越好,值得在临床推f,     

低聚果糖对溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠肠黏膜屏障影响的研究

目的 探讨低聚果糖对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型小鼠肠黏膜屏障的调节作用及可能机制。方法 小鼠随机分成3组：正常对照（NC）组、模型（MD）组和低聚果糖（FOS）组,采用葡聚糖硫酸钠制作UC小鼠模型。造模7 d同时给予干预治疗,停用造模药物并后续治疗7 d。采用细菌定量测定法检测肠道菌群,放射免疫法检测肠黏膜sIgA,ELISA法检测小鼠肠黏膜IL-10、TNF-α和IL-6水平。结果 模型组小鼠存在肠道菌群失调（t=2.088,2.036,2.203,2.109,P<0.05）,其TNF-α、IL-6水平高于正常对照组（t=1.734,1.801,P<0.05）,肠黏膜sIgA、IL-10低于正常对照组（t=1.820,1.806,P<0.05）;低聚果糖组肠道菌群失调状况较模型组有所改善,其TNF-α、IL-6水平低于正常对照组（t=1.980,1.816,1.936,1.920,1.969,1.893,P<0.05）,肠黏膜sIgA、IL-10高于正常对照组（t=1.801,1.796,P<0.05）。结论 低聚果糖可改善溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠肠道菌群屏障功能,可以提高肠黏膜sIgA和抗炎细胞因子IL-10的水平并降低致炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6的水平,通过调节肠道过度的免疫反应,使免疫屏障功能得到一定恢复。     

The effects of surgical procedures, halothane anaesthesia and nalbuphine on locomotor activity and food and water consumption in rats

A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of surgical procedures on food and water intake and spontaneous locomotor activity in laboratory rats. The influence of anaesthesia with halothane and administration of the opioid analgesic nalbuphine was investigated in normal rats and in animals which underwent either unilateral nephrectomy or jugular vein cannulation. Both nephrectomy and jugular cannulation were associated with a significant reduction in food and water consumption and a depression in locomotor activity levels. The reduction in activity following nephrectomy was reversed by administration of 6 doses of nalbuphine at 4 hourly intervals. Administration of nalbuphine at the same dose rate following halothane anaesthesia in normal rats resulted in a stimulation of activity. The prevention of the depressant effects of surgery by this opioid appears to be due to its stimulatory effect rather than a specific analgesic action. The degree of depression of food and water consumption after nephrectomy was significantly reduced following 6 doses of nalbuphine. This beneficial effect of repeated administration of an opioid may be related to the compound's analgesic action.     

Morphofunctional changes in the glands of the tracheobronchial system following gamma globulin administration

Morpho-functional changes and synthesis of carbohydrate compounds in the mucous membrane of the rat and cat trachea and bronchi have been studied 2, 4, 7, 14 and 24 days after a single and twice administration of gamma-globulin into the respiratory tract and after repeated intrapleural and intramuscular administration following sensibilization with a complete Freund's adjuvant. Dynamic of the changes observed depends, to a great extent, on the mode and multiplicity of administration of the adjuvant. When gamma-globulin is administered into the respiratory tract or intrapleurally, a more active incorporation of 3H-glucose and 35S-sodium sulfate into chondroitinsulphate A, C, sialic acids and glycogen, which are synthesized by cells of the tracheobronchial system glands, occurs. In 14-24 days after gamma-globulin has been administered by any mode, sulfated glycosamineoglycans (of chondroitinsulfate B and heparin type), as well as proteoglycans and sialic acids resistive to treatment with sialidase are accumulating in discharge from the glands. The accumulation of the sulfated glycosamin sulfates is accompanied with an increased level of serum antibodies specific for the administered antigen.     

全口义齿修复后造成松软牙槽嵴和／或牙槽嵴粘膜增生的原因初探

目的:研究松软牙槽嵴和/或牙槽嵴粘膜增生形成的原因,探讨预防和治疗措施。方法:对180例戴用全口义齿一年以上的患者进行临床调查研究。研究内容包括缺牙原因,义齿戴用的时间,牙槽嵴粘膜情况,松软牙槽嵴和/或牙槽嵴粘膜增生发生的部位,人工牙的类型等。结果:①180例全口义齿病例中,有松软牙槽嵴者20例,占22％,男:女=6:4,其中下牙槽嵴占60％,上牙槽嵴占,20％,上下牙槽嵴均有者占20％。患牙槽嵴粘膜增生者共8例,占4.4％,最多发生在下舌侧,其次为下唇沟。同时患有松软牙槽嵴和牙槽嵴粘膜增生的有4例,占患牙槽嵴粘膜增生病例的一半。②在患松软牙槽嵴的病例中,人工牙为塑料牙和瓷牙各占50％。缺牙原因为牙周病者共12例,占60％,龋病2例,占10％,龋病-牙周病者8例,占30％。③在患松软牙槽嵴的病例中,下颌牙槽嵴条件均为差,上颌牙槽嵴条件均为中或差。在患增生的粘膜组织的病例中,75％病例义齿固位为中或差,25％义齿固位为较好。结论:发病原因与患者缺牙原因,牙槽嵴部位,牙槽嵴条件,人工牙类型等有关。因此可以认为,牙槽嵴粘膜松软是戴用全口义齿后出现的不可忽视的问题,而牙槽嵴粘膜松软和/或增生的粘膜组织是相辅相成的。所以一副全口义齿不是一劳永逸的,使用一定的时间后需要更换,特别对牙槽嵴条件较差的患者     

Concentration of hydrochloric acid and pepsin in gastric juice in dogs after starvation and refeeding

Feeding fogs with meat after a 3-day period of starvation increased hydrochloric acid concentration with subsequent return of the parameter to normal values. Under the same conditions, pepsin concentration decreased and raised up after re-feeding. Histamine administration following the starvation decreased hydrochloric acid concentration with subsequent normalising. In three days after re-feeding and histamine administration, pepsin concentration drooped owing, probably, to a decrease of parietal cell H2-receptor affinity to histamine. Pentagastrin administration after the starvation increased hydrochloric acid concentration. The findings suggest G-cell function inhibition occurring after a 3-day starvation which is important for the stomach mucous membrane protection.     

Topo-optical study of the pulmonary ciliary membrane surface.

In hydrophilic media of high refraction index the cilia of the epithelium of the tracheo-bronchial mucous membrane and the mucous film demonstrate birefringence positive to the longitudinal axis of the mucous membrane owing to the identical orientation the glycoprotein macromolecules and of the fatty acid chains of the ciliary membrane. By means of toluidine blue staining the mucous film and the ciliary zone can be studied selectively by polarization microscopy. The opposite optical character suggests that the dye molecules are perpendicularly connected to the long glycoprotein chains of the mucous, and there is an oriented connection perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cilium in its lipid membrane. In smears of bronchial secretion or mucous membrane scrapings after staining, with toluidine blue pH 7.0, the selective optical reaction of the cilia provides a possibility for the study of isolated desquamated ciliary cells. The reaction is given by the lipid membrane boundary of the cilia. In embedded, lipid-extracted sections, the cilia and the mucous film show a minimum of birefringence in the unstained state. After toluidine blue staining or aldehyde-bisulphite-toluidine blue (ABT) reaction the mucoid surface and the ciliary zone display an opposite optical reaction originating from the dehydrated mucoproteins adsorbed onto the surface of lipid-extracted cilia.     

Change in the RNA content in the rat endometrium under the action of estrogen-megestrol and neurotropic substances]

The effect of the hormone-like estrogen-progestagen preparation megestranol and of megestranol-spasmolytin combination on the activity of metabolic processes in the uterine mucous membrane was studied in experiments on rats. Results of cytochemical studies showed megestranol and megestranol-spasmolytin combination to change the metabolic activity of the uterine mucous membrane resulting in a decrease in the RNA content in the epithelial cells of the endometrial glands, thereby creating conditions preventing normal implantation and development of the fertilized ovum.     

Bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry on cellular differentiation and migration in the fundic gland of Xenopus laevis during development

Summary Cellular differentiation and migration in the fundic glands of adult and larval Xenopus laevis have been examined using bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry. In the adult fundic gland, cumulative labeling with bromodeoxyuridine revealed a proliferative cell zone between the surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells, in what is referred to as the neck portion of the gland. The labeling-index of mucous neck cells had rapidly increased by week-5. The labeling-index of oxynticopeptic cells showed a more delayed increase until week-7, coincident with the decrease in the labeling of mucous neck cells. In the immature fundic glands of larvae, the labeled proliferating cells were randomly distributed throughout the developing gastric mucosa. During metamorphosis, the labeling-index of immature epithelial cells was highest at stage 63. Following administration of bromodeoxyurdine at this, stage, there was no significant loss of labeled epithelial cells during the metamorphosing period. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the labeling-indices among the epithelial cells, such as surface mucous cells/generative cells, mucous neck cells, and oxynticopeptic cells, 7 days after administration. Cellular differentiation and migration pathways of epithelial cells in the fundic gland of adult X. laevis and its larvae are discussed.     

Protective action of pantetine on the denervated stomach

Bilateral subdiaphragmal vagotomy was performed in sexually-mature Wistar male rats. To prevent neurodystrophic processes in the stomach mucous membrane some animals were injected pantetine subcutaneously at a dose of 30 mg/kg 5 times daily for 10 days. Pantetine injected to vagotomized animals decreased destructive lesions in the stomach mucous membrane. Enhanced biosynthesis and the inhibition of gastrin and serotonin release from G and Ec cells respectively have been observed. The results obtained substantiate the use of pantetine for the pharmacological correction of postoperative complications in patients after vagotomy.     

Anatomo-stereologic characteristics of the mucous membrane of the major duodenal papilla

In 55 men and 60 women who had had not any pathology in their biliary-pancreato-duodenal system during life, microrelief of the mucous membrane in the major duodenal papilla has been studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. It is defined by variants of fusion of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct in the papilla. Three main variants of the ducts fusion are defined and, respectively, three main varieties of the structure of the mucous membrane folds. When the ducts flow into the same orifice separately, the mucous membrane relief is even, parvigranular and there are no fold-valves. In the common major duodenal papilla, the architectonics of the mucous membrane resembles the valve that acts as a block-outlet mechanism.     

Antiulcerous efficacy of reamberin at the background of the stress ulcerogenic factor action

The effect of reamberin on morphofunctional changes in the small intestine mucous membrane due to stress ulcerogenesis was studied. Normalization of the lipid modifications in the tissue structure, evident of the drug antiulcerous properties, was observed.     

Changes in the mucosa of the duodenum and stomach as a result of experimental duodenal ulcers and vagotomy

By means of the transmissive and scanning electron microscopy methods and radioautography, structure of mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum has been studied under experimentally induced duodenal ulcers before and after vagotomy during various time. The vagotomy results in accelerated healing of the ulcer defect. This is connected with an increased proliferative activity in the crypta cells, however, this is accompanied with deceleration of their differentiation. Under the duodenal ulcers the amount of chief and parietal cells increases in the gastric mucous membrane, this depends on gastrostasis produced by stenosis of the pylorus. At vagotomy the amount of the chief and parietal cells in the fundal glands of the mucous membrane decreases; this is accompanied with a lowered secretory activity.