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用分离自无症状瓜类植物的27株链格孢属Alternaria真菌接种黄瓜,有14株引起了黄瓜幼苗的白化,这些菌株均属于链格孢A. alternata。为揭示A. alternata引起黄瓜幼苗白化的机制,对代表菌株5F29经固体发酵后提取其次级代谢产物,将粗提物按一定量混入基质进行盆栽实验。结果表明,黄瓜、丝瓜和甜瓜对该粗提物敏感,出现白化苗;小白菜和辣椒对粗提物不敏感,生长正常。植物幼苗用粗提物处理的结果与用产生菌接种的结果相一致。粗提物经硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析及高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法分离纯化得到一种活性化合物,经测定该化合物引起黄瓜幼苗白化的最低浓度为12.5μmol/L。该化合物在此浓度下可引起黄瓜幼苗生长点白化,在15μmol/L的浓度下可引起黄瓜幼苗大部分组织白化,致使幼苗很快死亡。应用核磁共振和质谱技术,确定了该化合物的结构,鉴定为一种植物毒素——腾毒素(tentoxin)。研究结果揭示了A. alternata引起瓜类幼苗白化的机制以及不同植物对于腾毒素的不同敏感性。 相似文献
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患者,女,61岁,确诊肺结节病、口服糖皮质激素7月,双手背及腕部红色斑块3个月。组织病理示表皮轻度棘层增厚,真皮浅、中层中性粒细胞、淋巴、组织细胞、浆细胞、多核巨细胞混合性浸润,可见散在双轮廓厚壁酵母样结构。六铵银染色见不规则肿胀菌丝及酵母样厚壁孢子。真菌培养见棕/灰褐色菌落,镜下见棕色分隔孢子。ITS区序列分析鉴定为Alternaria alternate。口服伊曲康唑胶囊200 mg/d,联合外用硝酸舍他康唑乳膏2次/d,连续用药4个月后皮损完全消退,随访半年,未见复发。 相似文献
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本文对分离自小麦、马铃薯、番茄和茄子上链格孢霉属(Alternaria)2个种(链格孢和茄链格孢)的96个菌株,用枯草杆菌生长抑制试验筛选链格孢霉醇(AOH)和链格孢霉醇单甲醚(AME)的产生菌株,有48株产生毒性作用(占所测菌株的50%)。18株产强、中毒性菌用高效液相色谱分析,有13株产AOH和AME(占所测菌株的72.2%)。链格孢的产毒素菌株率比茄链格孢低。但产毒素含量却是前者明显高于后者。其中产AOH和AME的最高含量,链格孢菌株XA-8分别为280和5140mg/kg,而茄链格孢菌株SA-10分别为95.9和94.3mg/kg。 相似文献
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本文报道链格孢属的2个新种:寄生在苦木科(Simaroubaceae)臭椿[Ailanthus altissima (Mill).Swingle]上的臭椿链格孢(Alternaria ailanthi sp.nov.),寄生在桦木科(Betulaceae)黑桦(Betula dahurica Pall.)上的桦木链格孢(A.betulae sp.nov),2个新组合:豆链格孢[A.azukiae( 相似文献
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本文报道链格孢属的2个新种:寄生在苦术科(Simaroubaceae)臭椿[Ailanthus altissima(Mill)Swingle]上的臭椿链格孢(Alternaria ailanthi sp nov),寄生在桦术科(Betulaceae)黑桦(Betuladahurica Pall)上的桦术链格孢(A. betulae sp nov.),2个新组合:豆链格孢[A.Azulaae (Hara)comb.Nov],蔷薇生链格孢[A. rosicola(Rao) comb. Nov]和1个新名称红花链格孢(A.Carthami-tinctoriinom nov.)。文中为新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述和图。模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP). 相似文献
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链格孢霉醇和链格孢霉醇单甲醚产生菌株的筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对分离自小麦、马铃薯、番茄和茄子上链格孢霉属2个种的96个菌珠,用枯草杆菌生长抑制试验筛选链格孢霉醇(AOH)和链格孢霉醇单甲醚(AME)的产生菌株,有48株产生毒性作用。18株产强、中毒性菌用高效液相色谱分析,有13株产AOH和AME。链格孢的产毒素菌株率比茄链格孢低,但产毒素含量却是前者明显高于后者。其中产AOH和AME的最高含量,链格孢菌株XA-8分别为280和5140mg/kg,而茄链 相似文献
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本文报道链格孢属的2个新种:寄生在苦木科(Simaroubaceae)臭椿[Ailanthusaltissima(Mill.)Swingle]上的臭椿链格孢(Alternariaailanthispnov),寄生在桦木科(Betulaceas)黑桦(BetuladahuricaPall.)上的桦木链格孢(A.betalaesp.nov.),2个新组合:豆链格孢[A.azukiae(Hara)comb.nov.],蔷薇生链格孢[A.rosicola(Rao)comb.nov.]和1个新名称红花链格孢(A.carthami-tinctoriinom.nov)。文中为新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述和图。模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。 相似文献
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Establishment of seed-borne nature of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot and fruit rot of chilli
Manjul Pandey Mukesh Srivastava R. P. Mishra 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(7):869-872
Study on seed-borne nature of Alternaria alternata in chilli seeds indicated that in Standard blotter method, the incidence of A. alternata was 5.7–15.3% (average, 9.5%) and 16.5–28.4% (average, 21.7%) with unsterilsied seeds collected from general fields and diseased fields, respectively. The incidence for surface sterilised seeds from general and diseased fields was 2.6–7.2% (average, 4.9%) and 7.8–13.0% (average, 9.6%), respectively. In agar plate method with potato dextrose agar medium, the incidence of A. alternata was 4.0–10.5% (average, 7.4%) and 11.0–24.0% (average, 18%) with surface sterilised. 相似文献
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D. J. VAKALOUNAKIS 《The Annals of applied biology》1990,117(3):507-513
A leaf spot disease of melon caused by Alternaria alternata f.sp. cucurbitae was recorded for the first time in Crete. Necrotic flecks surrounded by chlorotic halos developed on the cotyledons and the leaves of the middle and the upper part of the plants; the flecks enlarged and coalesced to form lesions of 2 cm or more in diameter with brown fructifications of the pathogen on their surface. Severely affected cotyledons and leaves became chlorotic and died. Of 16 species from eight botanical families that were inoculated, only those of the Cucurbitaceae were susceptible. Of four isolates of A. alternata from tomato, sunflower, pear and cucumber, only the cucumber isolate was pathogenic to melon foliage. 相似文献
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Nesma Abdessemed Ali Kerroum Youssef Anis Bahet Nacra Talbi Nadjia Zermane 《Journal of Phytopathology》2019,167(6):321-325
Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Kiessler was found on sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in the experimental station of ENSA (Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie) in Algiers, Algeria, during the winter of 2016. Necrotic spots in the form of concentric circles were observed on the leaves of both weeds with disease incidence of approximately 70% and disease severity ranging from 50% to 70%. Fungi were isolated from the infected leaves and identified as A. alternata, based on morphological and molecular analyses (using genetic marker internal transcribed spacer, ITS of rDNA). Pathogenicity tests confirmed that A. alternata is the causing agent of leaf spot disease of sow thistle and field bindweed in accordance with the original symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sow thistle and field bindweed naturally infected by A. alternata in Algeria. 相似文献
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Rongtao Fu Cheng Chen Jian Wang Yongxia Ke Daihua Lu 《Journal of Phytopathology》2019,167(7-8):440-444
Severe brown leaf spot disease was observed on Paris polyphylla var. chinensis in Sichuan Province, China, in 2017 and 2018. The initial symptoms were many light‐brown small spots with necrotic centres, round or irregular in shape, becoming dark brown, gradually enlarging and eventually coalescing, causing extensive leaf senescence. A fungus was isolated from diseased leaves showing typical symptoms of brown leaf spot. The isolates were cultured on potato sucrose agar, and their morphological characteristics of the causal pathogen were observed under a light microscope. Pathogenicity tests revealed that this fungus was the causal pathogen of the disease. Molecular analyses of the sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RBP2) gene were conducted to confirm the identity of the pathogen. The multi‐gene phylogeny indicated that the causal agent was Alternaria tenuissima. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. tenuissima causing brown leaf sports on P. polyphylla var. chinensis in China. 相似文献
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Amna Shoaib Mishaal Akhtar Arshad Javaid Haider Ali Zahra Nisar Shabnam Javed 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2021,27(6):1361
The fungal pathogen, Alternaria alternata is responsible for causing leaf spot disease in many plants, including chili pepper. Zinc (Zn) an essential micronutrient for plant growth, also increases resistance in plants against diseases, and also acts as an antifungal agent. Here, in vitro effects of ZnSO4 on the propagation of A. alternata were investigated, and also in vivo, the effect of foliar application of ZnSO4 was investigated in chili pepper plants under disease stress. In vitro, ZnSO4 inhibited fungal growth in a dose-dependent manner, with complete inhibition being observed at the concentration of 8.50 mM. Hyphae and conidial damage were observed along with abnormal activity of antioxidant enzymes, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the major changes in the protein structure of the fungal biomass after Zn accumulation. In vivo, pathogen infection caused the highest leaf spot disease incidence, and cumulative disease index, which resulted in a significant reduction in the plant’s growth (length and biomass), and physiochemical traits (photosynthetic pigment, activity of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase). The heat map and principal component analysis based on disease, growth and, physico-chemical variables generated useful information regarding the best treatment useful for disease management. Foliar Zn (0.036 mM) acted as a resistance inducer in chili pepper plants that improved activities of antioxidants (CAT and POX), and defense compounds (PPO and PAL), while managing 77% of disease. The study indicated foliar ZnSO4 as an effective and sustainable agriculture practice to manage Alternaria leaf spot disease in chili pepper plants. 相似文献
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为明确昆诺阿藜链格孢叶斑病病原,在山西省昆诺阿藜种植区采集典型症状的标本分离病原菌,选择代表性菌株LGB-b和LGB-h对其形态学、分子生物学、致病性及生物学特性进行了研究。综合形态学和多基因系统发育(Alt a 1、endoPG 和OPA10-2)分析,确定昆诺阿藜链格孢叶斑病病原为Alternaria alternata。致病性测定发现接种6 d后病斑呈灰绿至黄绿色,表面具有灰棕至灰褐色霉层,周围具黄绿色晕圈,与田间症状基本一致。菌株LGB-b和LGB-h均可侵染昆诺阿藜、藜和台湾藜。菌株LGB-b菌丝生长的最适培养基为V8 蔬菜汁琼脂培养基(V8)、温度为25-30 ℃、水活度≥0.98、pH为6-7;分生孢子萌发的最适水活度≥0.98、pH为6-7。菌株LGB-h菌丝生长的最适培养基为马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂培养基(PCA)、温度为20-25 ℃、水活度≥0.98、pH为6-7;分生孢子萌发的最适水活度≥0.98、pH为7-8。 相似文献
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The remaining unclarified taxon among the seven known pathotypes of host-selective toxin (HST)-producing Alternaria alternata, namely, the strawberry pathotype (the strawberry black leaf spot pathogen), is taxonomically revised and re-described herein. According to our morphological observations, reference isolates of strawberry and Japanese pear pathotypes, which are toxic to leaves of Japanese pear ‘Nijisseiki’, have conidia that are formed in chains of 3–13, usually without lateral branches, after 7?d incubation on potato-carrot agar. The mean size of the conidia is 27–31?×?11–13?μm. Morphological characteristics of the examined isolates are identical to those of A. gaisen rather than A. alternata. A phylogenetic tree obtained by analysis of a combined dataset of ITS, gapdh, rpb2, tef1, Alt a 1, and endoPG sequences also strongly supports both pathotypes as one species, A. gaisen. We re-describe the fungus as A. gaisen Nagano ex Bokura and propose two formae speciales of the species, A. gaisen f. sp. fragariae producing AF-toxin and f. sp. pyri producing AK-toxin. The epitype specimen and ex-epitype culture of A. gaisen are newly designated. 相似文献
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Manoj Kumar Vijai Bhadauria Kaushlendra Singh Chandrajeet Singh Anil Kumar Yadav 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(4):463-469
Chilli is one of the spices used to enhance the flavour and taste of cooked food. Fungal diseases are the main biological constraints in chilli production, and Alternaria leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the most devastating diseases of chilli. One of the effective and environmentally friendly ways to control this disease is introgress resistance from wild relative/varieties to the cultivated one. The first step towards introgression of resistance genes is to screen the chill germplasm for leaf spot resistance. In the current study, we screened the chilly germplasm and identified the sources of leaf spot resistance, which can be harnessed in resistance breeding programmes. 相似文献
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First Report of Black Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria alternata on Ramie in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Yongting Yu Liangbin Zeng Lili Huang Zhun Yan Kai Sun Taotao Zhu Aiguo Zhu 《Journal of Phytopathology》2016,164(5):358-361
In 2012 and 2013, black leaf spot disease was observed on ramie plants in Hunan and Hubei Provinces, China. In the field, the symptoms of this disease included dark green to black big spots on leaves, often resulting in upwardly curled leaf margins. The pathogen isolates were identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler on the basis of morphology and sequence similarity of 99–100% to the published data for internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (gdp). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Alternaria leaf spot of ramie in China. 相似文献