我国植物病原真菌最新研究进展——植物病原真菌专刊序言

本期《菌物学报》"植物病原真菌专刊"刊登了12篇文章,其中关于病原真菌种类调查、鉴定及形态描述的文章5篇,病原真菌检测与检疫的文章2篇,病原真菌种群结构的文章2篇,基因组学研究进展的文章3篇。本期内容基本体现了我国植物病原真菌研究的最新进展,对今后的植物病原菌形态分类、分子分析和基因组学研究都具有重要的参考价值。     

对菌物学进展的前瞻

本文简要地讨论了菌物学发展的前景,特别是在中国的前景。讨论的问题涉及到现代菌物分类新技术的概念以及和它密切相关的学科例如植物病原菌物学,菌物病理学,菌物生理学,菌物生态学,菌物地理学,生物工程在菌物中的应用,野生食用菌和药用菌的驯化栽培,菌根和菌毒。     

对菌物学进展的前瞻*

本文简要地讨论了菌物学发展的前景,特别是在中国的前景。讨论的问题涉及到现代菌物分类新技术的概念以及和它密切相关的学科例如植物病原菌物学,菌物病理学,菌物生理学,菌物生态学,菌物地理学,生物工程在菌物中的应用,野生食用菌和药用菌的驯化栽培,菌根和菌毒。     

中国作物常见菌物病害及其病原名录——主要粮食和油料作物

菌物病害是植物病害中占比最大的一类,为害重且分布广,对农业生产造成严重损失。有效防控植物病害的基础是对病原物进行正确鉴定,而学名是病原物的信息载体。随着菌物分类学研究的不断深入,其命名规则也在不断变化。墨尔本和深圳两届国际植物学大会确定和完善了《国际藻类、菌物和植物命名法规》,自此菌物的命名开始实行“一菌一名”规则。但许多非菌物分类工作者难以跟踪菌物名称最新变更,这使得植物病原菌物名称的使用较为混乱,因此菌物学名统一问题亟待解决。从《中国农作物病虫害》第三版筛选中国常见农作物菌物病害将其分为三部分,本文为第一部分,主要介绍粮食和油料作物菌物病害,共195个,涉及病原菌物物种212个。对筛选出的病原菌物拉丁学名按照最新命名法规、世界菌物名称数据库以及最新菌物分类学研究成果进行核对,并按作物种类列出病害名称、病原菌物的中文名和现用拉丁学名,部分包含基原异名和常见异名。植物病原菌物学名统一规范地使用有利于植物病害的诊断,也为学术交流、信息传递和大众科普等工作的开展提供依据。     

菌物学报征稿简则

正《菌物学报》(曾用名《真菌学报》、《菌物系统》)1982年创刊,是中国科学院主管的菌物学学术期刊,报道菌物(真菌、粘菌、卵菌等)学研究领域最新成果。主要刊登菌物系统分类学、菌物分子与细胞生物学、菌物区系地理学、菌物多样性及资源开发利用、动植物病原菌物学、医学真菌学、食用和药用真菌学等方面的综述、研究论文和简报。本刊是我国自然科学核心期刊,也是国际菌物学界信赖的刊物,已被国内外多家权威检索系统收录。关于版权本刊只接受未曾公开发表的文章,请勿一稿多投。在本刊发表的文章,所有形式的(即各种文字、各种介质的)版权均属本刊     

《菌物学报》征稿简则

<正>《菌物学报》(曾用名《真菌学报》、《菌物系统》)1982年创刊,是中国科学院主管的菌物学学术期刊,报道菌物(真菌、粘菌、卵菌等)学研究领域最新成果。主要刊登菌物系统分类学、菌物分子与细胞生物学、菌物区系地理学、菌物多样性及资源开发利用、动植物病原菌物学、医学真菌学、食用和药用真菌学等方面的综述、研究论文和简报。本刊是中国自然科学核心期刊,也是国际菌物学界信赖的刊物,已被国内外多家权威检索系统收录。关于版权本刊只接受未曾公开发表的文章,请勿一稿多投。在本刊发表的文章,所有形式的(即各种文字、各种介质的)版权均属本刊     

关于“植物病原菌物”的教学探讨

为了提高植物病理学中"植物病原菌物"教学单元的教学效果,作者梳理了菌物的涵义和演变历史,以及不同教材中相关内容的编排特点。提出了要针对不同授课对象、教学计划和教学目的选择合适的教材,并针对性地进行课堂教学设计的观点。即,植物保护专业的课程设计可以结合生物系统分类学进展对"真菌"和"菌物"的概念进行梳理,而植物生产类非植物保护专业的植物病理学相关课程则直接讲解植物病原菌物的概念。通过差异化教学设计,提高教学效果,满足不同专业的学生学习需求。     

菌物学报征稿简则

<正>《菌物学报》(曾用名《真菌学报》、《菌物系统》)1982年创刊,是中国科学院主管的菌物学学术期刊,报道菌物(真菌、粘菌、卵菌等)学研究领域最新成果。主要刊登菌物系统分类学、菌物分子与细胞生物学、菌物区系地理学、菌物多样性及资源开发利用、动植物病原菌物学、医学真菌学、食用和药用真菌学等方面的综述、研究论文和简报。本刊是中国自然科学核心期刊,也是国际菌物学界信赖的刊物,已被国内外多家权威检索系统收录。关于版权本刊只接受未曾公开发表的文章,请勿一稿多投。在本刊发表的文章,所有形式的(即各种文字、各种介质的)版权均属本刊编辑部所有,作者如有异议,敬请在投稿前声明。本刊编辑部有权对录用的稿件进行文字加工,如涉及内容的大量改动,将征得作者同意,本刊文责自负,作者必须保证文章的真实性,因抄袭剽窃、弄虚作假等行为引发的一切后果,由作者自负。     

菌物学报 征稿简则

<正>《菌物学报》(曾用名《真菌学报》、《菌物系统》)1982年创刊,是中国科学院主管的菌物学学术期刊,报道菌物(真菌、粘菌、卵菌等)学研究领域最新成果。主要刊登菌物系统分类学、菌物分子与细胞生物学、菌物区系地理学、菌物多样性及资源开发利用、动植物病原菌物学、医学真菌学、食用和药用真菌学等方面的综述、研究论文和简报。本刊是中国自然科学核心期刊,也是国际菌物学界信赖的刊物,已被国内外多家权威检索系统收录。关于版权本刊只接受未曾公开发表的文章,请勿一稿多投。在本刊发表的文章,所有形式的(即各种文字、各种介质的)版权均属本刊编辑部所有,作者如有异议,敬请在投稿前声明。本刊编辑部有权对录用的稿件进行文字加工,如涉及内容的大量改动,将征得作者同意,本刊文责自负,作者必须保证文章的真实性,因抄袭剽窃、弄虚作假等行为引发的一切后果,由作者自负。     

《菌物学报》征稿简则

<正>《菌物学报》!(曾用名《真菌学报》、《菌物系统》)1982年创刊,是中国科学院主管的菌物学学术期刊,报道菌物(真菌、粘菌、卵衡等)学研究领域最新成果。主要刊登論物系统分类学、菌物分子着细胞生ft学、菌物医系地理学、菌物多样性及资源幵发利用、动植物病原菌物学、_学真菌学、食用和药用真菌学等方面的综述、餅究论文和简报。本刊是中国自然科学核心期刊,也是国际菌物学界信赖的Til物,已被国内外多家权威检索系统收录。关于版权本刊只接受未曾公开发表的文章,请勿一稿多投。在本刊发表的文章,所有形式的(即各种文字、各种介质的)版权均属本刊编辑部所有,作者如有异议,敬请在投稿前声明。本刊编辑部有权对录用的稿件进行文字加工,如涉及内容的大量改动,将征得作     

利用来自多技术平台数据的候选基因挖掘食物抗氧化剂共同影响基因或通路

抗氧化剂通过调节机体基因表达发挥广泛的功能,基于多种技术平台的研究文献中蕴藏大量抗氧化剂可调控的基因.探索这些基因间的关系有助于阐明抗氧剂的共同作用机理,也有助于开发新的生物标记用于抗氧化剂筛选.选择维生素C、维生素E和视黄酸等3种典型抗氧化剂为研究对象,从highwire数据库检索文献提取与它们功能相关主要基因,利用DAVID在线GO分析工具和pathway express分析工具分析其相关的GO生物过程定义及基因通路.结果表明,这3种抗氧化剂共同可调控的基因有14个,每种抗氧化剂显著相关的GO生理过程定义及基因通路具有很多相似性,涉及细胞通讯、免疫、细胞凋亡、细胞周期和多种典型信号传导通路.粘着斑是这3种抗氧化剂共同影响的基因网络,说明这3种抗氧化剂可能通过这一信号通路系统调节细胞周期调控、细胞骨架组装、粘附、迁徙、运动能力、生长调节、生存、血管生成等多方面发挥了重要作用,并以此通路为靶标抑制肿瘤发生、发展及侵袭转移.     

The 50th anniversary of the publication of the operon theory in the Journal of Molecular Biology: past, present and future

A series of eight review articles that appear in the present issue of the Journal of Molecular Biology celebrates the 50th anniversary for the landmark publication of François Jacob and Jacques Monod entitled “Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Synthesis of Proteins”. In this publication, the authors presented a model for the regulation of gene expression deduced from genetic and biochemical studies. They proposed that a new class of genes, regulatory genes, would code for repressors that bind to operator sequences upstream of operons consisting of a group of catabolic or biosynthetic genes with related functions. Binding is controlled by small metabolites, substrates or end products. The repressors control the transmission of information from genes to mRNA that is translated into proteins. The present review articles demonstrate how this publication influenced our thinking and how it stimulated the studies on the regulation of gene expression all the way to present day epigenetics and systems biology.     

From chemistry of DNA damage to repair and biological significance. Comprehending the future

Knowledge of the chemistry behind induction of DNA damage and processing mechanisms is considered very important not only for the understanding of the biological significance but also for clinical applications. In this Special Issue, we have compiled a number of succinct reviews and original research articles, by top experts in their fields. The articles discuss and/or explore the current status of knowledge and new advances in the chemical and molecular pathways related to the induction of high oxidative stress, DNA damage and its repair in human cells and tissues. Experimental and theoretical insights are provided of how the DNA repair processes maybe modulated by gene mutations and other factors like temperature and radiation quality.     

Polymorphisms in the hepatitis C virus core and its association with development of hepatocellular carcinoma

Little is known about the mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some studies have focused on the role of HCV viral proteins in hepatocyte transformation. In this work we have compiled and analysed current articles regarding the impact of polymorphisms in the HCV core gene and protein on the development of HCC. An exhaustive search for full-text articles until November 2016 in PubMed database was performed using the MeSH keywords: ‘hepatitis C’, ‘polymorphisms’, ‘core’, ‘hepatocellular cancer’ and ‘hepatocarcinogenesis’. Nineteen full-text articles published between 2000 and 2016 were considered. Different articles associate not only the HCC development with polymorphisms at residues 70 and 91 in the core protein, but more with mortality and treatment response. Also, different polymorphisms were found in core and other viral proteins related to HCC development. Eleven articles reported that HCC development is significantly associated with Gln/His70, four associated it with Leu91 and two more associated it with both markers together. Additional studies are necessary, including those in different types of populations worldwide, to validate the possibility of the usability and influence in chronically HCV-infected patients as well as to observe their interaction with other risk factors or prognosis and genetic markers of the host.     

Passage-Based Bibliographic Coupling: An Inter-Article Similarity Measure for Biomedical Articles

Biomedical literature is an essential source of biomedical evidence. To translate the evidence for biomedicine study, researchers often need to carefully read multiple articles about specific biomedical issues. These articles thus need to be highly related to each other. They should share similar core contents, including research goals, methods, and findings. However, given an article r, it is challenging for search engines to retrieve highly related articles for r. In this paper, we present a technique PBC (Passage-based Bibliographic Coupling) that estimates inter-article similarity by seamlessly integrating bibliographic coupling with the information collected from context passages around important out-link citations (references) in each article. Empirical evaluation shows that PBC can significantly improve the retrieval of those articles that biomedical experts believe to be highly related to specific articles about gene-disease associations. PBC can thus be used to improve search engines in retrieving the highly related articles for any given article r, even when r is cited by very few (or even no) articles. The contribution is essential for those researchers and text mining systems that aim at cross-validating the evidence about specific gene-disease associations.     

The strength of co-authorship in gene name disambiguation

Background  

A biomedical entity mention in articles and other free texts is often ambiguous. For example, 13% of the gene names (aliases) might refer to more than one gene. The task of Gene Symbol Disambiguation (GSD) – a special case of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) – is to assign a unique gene identifier for all identified gene name aliases in biology-related articles. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning WSD techniques have been applied in the biomedical field with promising results. We examine here the utilisation potential of the fact – one of the special features of biological articles – that the authors of the documents are known through graph-based semi-supervised methods for the GSD task.