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1.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2009,41(1):54-62
In a group of 70 adult subjects of both sexes, we estimated the levels of the need for achievement and its motivation (interpreted
as generalized characteristics of the state of the motivational sphere of a personality and diagnosed using questionnaires
of Orlov and Mehrabian) and examined the correlations of these estimates with spectral powers (SPs) of the frequency components
(rhythms) of the current background EEG (С3 and С4 leads according to the 10–20 system). Despite the fact that naturally high
interindividual variability exists, high estimates of the need for achievement correlated with medium values of the SPs of
most EEG frequency components (δ, θ, α, and β1 rhythms), low SPs of the β2 and γ rhythms, and higher values of the coefficient of reactivity (CR) of the α rhythm. A high level of the need for achievement
corresponded to higher SPs of the θ and γ rhythms and high CR of the α rhythm, a medium SP of this EEG component, and lower
SPs of the δ and β rhythms. The coefficient of interhemisphere asymmetry of the α rhythm was the highest at low values of
the studied psychological indices. Interrelations that we found in our study can be explained as follows: both the characteristics
of the need for achievement and motivation typical of a certain personality and the amplitude parameters of the EEG rhythms
observed in this individual depend significantly on genetically determined factors (in particular, on neurochemical ones).
These peculiarities of neurodynamic constitution of the individual are, to a considerable extent, due to the specificity of
organization and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (aminergic, in particular) and neurohumoral systems.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 61–69, January–February, 2009. 相似文献
2.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,42(4):286-293
In a group including 72 adults of both sexes, we studied correlations between the estimates of the so-called coronary-prone
personality type (type A) diagnosed using the Jenkins questionnaire and the spectral powers (SPs) of the frequency components
(rhythms) of background EEGs recorded in the resting state (leads C3 and C4 according to the 10-20 system). Despite natural
high interindividual variability, estimates that characterized the subject as belonging to the behavioral type A corresponded,
on average, to relatively low SPs of the δ, θ, and α EEG components, intermediate values of the β1 rhythm SP and coefficient of reactivity of the α rhythm, and higher SPs of the high-frequency (β2 and γ) rhythms. Estimates characterizing type B personality corresponded to significantly higher δ-rhythm SPs, intermediate
SPs of the θ and α rhythms, and smaller SPs of the β and γ rhythms. The interhemisphere asymmetry coefficient for the α rhythm
was usually negative in type-A individuals and positive in the cases of types B and AB. The peculiarities observed are probably
determined, to a certain extent, by the fact that both the characteristics of the behavioral types of the personality and
the amplitude parameters of EEG rhythms depend significantly on inherited (in particular neurochemical) factors. Such peculiarities
of the neurodynamic constitution of the individual are determined, to a considerable extent, by the specificity of organization
and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (in particular aminergic) and neurohumoral systems. 相似文献
3.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2012,43(6):459-467
In a group including 65 adults of both sexes, we examined correlations of the internal/external personality type (locus of
psychological control diagnosed by the Rotter questionnaire) with parameters of the EEG frequency components (rhythms). Multichannel
recording of ongoing EEG was carried out in the resting state; leads were located according to the 10-20 system. Despite natural
high interindividual variability, the subgroup of internals was, in general, characterized by higher spectral powers (SPs)
of the δ, θ, α, and β1 rhythms and a lower SPs of β2 and γ oscillations recorded in the resting state with the eyes closed.
In internals, the modal frequencies of practically all EEG ranges were, on average, somewhat lower. In this subgroup, reaction
of EEG activation related to opening of the eyes was stronger, while the interhemisphere asymmetry was weaker. 相似文献
4.
We studied changes in the amplitudes of event-related EEG potentials (ERPs) and power spectra of background EEG in the course
of a series of EEG-feedback sessions directed toward an increase in the ratio of powers of the α vs θ rhythms. The examined group included 70 volunteers divided into an experimental group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 33). The intensity of acoustic white noise overlapping the musical background served as a feedback signal; it became lower
with increase in the above ratio, while in the control group it remained constant. The EEG potentials were recorded from C3
and C4 leads. The ERPs were recorded within a paradigm of measuring time intervals. Within a series of EEG-feedback sessions,
the α/θ ratio decreased somewhat both in the control and experimental groups, but in subjects of the latter group this decrease
was less significant, and the mean intragroup index became significantly greater than the respective value in the control
group after the end of the third session. The EEG-feedback sessions also resulted in significant increases in the amplitudes
of early components of the readiness potential in both hemispheres and in the amplitude of the contingent negative variation
in the right hemisphere. We conclude that, in most healthy subjects, at least three sessions of α/θ training are necessary
to form an effective series providing considerable changes in the pattern of EEG potentials.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 88–98, January–February, 2007. 相似文献
5.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2006,38(3):201-208
Modifications of different EEG rhythms induced by a single neurofeedback session (by the EEG characteristics) directed toward
an increase in the ratio of the spectral powers (SPs) of the α vs θ oscillations were compared with the psychological characteristics of the tested subjects (the group included 30 persons).
A generally accepted neurofeedback technique was used; the intensity of acoustic white noise served as the feedback signal.
EEG potentials were recorded from the C3 and C4 leads. Psychological testing was carried out using Eysenck’s (EPQ), Rusalov’s
(OST), and (16 PF) questionnaires. The directions of changes in the SPs of EEG frequency components were found to significantly
correlate with some individuality-related peculiarities of the tested subjects. The SP of the δ rhythm correlated with the
EPQ scale “neuroticism,” OST scale “social plasticity,” and 16 PF factors H (“parmia”), I (“premsia”), and Q3 (“self-control of behavior”). The SP of the θ component demonstrated correlations with the OST scales “ergisity,” “plasticity,”
and “social temp” and with 16 PF factors M (“autia”), Q4 (“frustration”), and Q1 (“exvia”). The SP of the α rhythm correlated with 16 PF factors Q3 (“self-control of behavior”), G (“strength of superEgo”), O (“hypothymia”), L (“protension”), and N (“shrewdness”). The SP
of the β rhythm correlated with the OST scale “emotionality,” while that of the γ rhythm showed correlations with the 16 PF
indices L (“protension”) and M (“autia”). Changes in the ratio of the α vs θ SPs correlated with the EPQ scale “neuroticism.” Thus, our data confirm the statement that a high individual variability
of the results of a single (first in the series) neurofeedback session is to a great extent related to peculiarities of the
individual psychological pattern of the subject.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 239–247, May–June, 2006. 相似文献
6.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2006,38(5-6):380-388
In a group of 80 adults of both sexes, we studied the correlation between the characteristics of aggressiveness of the individual
(diagnosed using the Buss-Durkee questionnaire) and parameters of the frequency components (rhythms) of EEG recorded in the
resting state from leads C3 and C4 according to the 10–20 system. Despite the natural high interindividual variability, the
higher spectral powers of nearly all EEG frequency components (δ-, θ-, α-, and β rhythms) and coefficient of reactivity of
the α rhythm corresponded in general to lower indices on the scales of the Buss-Durkee questionnaire and smaller values of
the index of aggressiveness and index of hostility. These correlations probably reflect a significant dependence of both characteristics
of aggressiveness of personality and amplitude parameters of the EEG rhythms on hereditary factors. Both these aspects of
the neurodynamic constitution of the individual are to a significant extent determined by the specificity of organization
and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (in particular, aminergic) and neurohumoral systems.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 38, Nos. 5/6, pp. 448–457, September–December, 2006. 相似文献
7.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,43(1):42-52
In a group of 118 adults of both sexes, we studied modulation of high-frequency EEG rhythms (β and γ components) under conditions
of EEG activation related to opening of the eyes. Typical changes in the α rhythm (significant depression in the overwhelming
majority of the tested subjects) was accompanied by different (in direction and intensity) shifts of the spectral powers (SPs)
of the β and γ components in different subjects. The power of the β1 subcomponent under conditions of the activation reaction
increased in 6 persons and dropped in 109 persons; changes in this index in two hemispheres were opposite in their directions
in 3 subjects. Thus, changes in the β1 SP upon opening of the eyes were nearly parallel to those of the α rhythm but less
intense. The subgroups differentiated according to the pattern of reactivity of the β2 subcomponent included 23, 85, and 10
subjects; for the γ rhythm, the corresponding numbers were 31, 72, and 8. In other words, the patterns of reactivity of β2
and γ oscillations were rather similar to each other but differed significantly from the pattern for the β1 rhythm. Values
of the differential coefficients of reactivity (DCRs) of the β1, β2, and γ rhythms demonstrated significant correlations that
were especially close for the β2 and γ activity. Within the entire examined group, we found significant negative correlations
of the DCR values for β and γ activities with the estimates of some psychological characteristics of the subjects (levels
of neuroticism, psychoticism, plasticity, self-control of behavior, and some others) measured using the RTS (Strelau), EPQ
(Eysenck), OST (Rusalov), and 16PF (Kettel) questionnaires. The dispersion analysis demonstrated that the above-mentioned
subgroups of the subjects (with increase and decrease in the SPs of the β and γ rhythms in both hemispheres and opposite changes
of these indices in the right and left hemisphere) showed significant or close to significant specific intergroup differences
of a few mean values of the psychological characteristics estimated according to the above questionnaires. Possible mechanisms
of modulation of high-frequency EEG components under conditions of the reaction of EEG activation and relations of such changes
to the psychological characteristics of the personality are discussed. 相似文献
8.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,43(2):131-141
In a group of 68 adults of both sexes, we examined correlations between estimates of the psychological adaptability of an
individual (diagnosed using a multilevel personality questionnaire, MPQ) and spectral powers, SPs, of the frequency components
(rhythms) of background EEG recorded in the resting state (leads C3 and C4 according to the 10–20 system). Despite high individual
variability within the group, indices by the scale “communicative potential” demonstrated significant correlation with the
SP of the θ rhythm, while estimates of the moral normativity correlated with the SPs of the α and β1 rhythms. Subgroups of
the persons classified according to the level of the integral adaptation capability (personality’s adaptation potential) differed
from each other in the mean estimates of interhemisphere asymmetry of the α rhythm; this index was higher in subjects with
the medium/high level of adaptability. The correlations observed are, most probably, determined by the fact that both the
level of psychological adaptability of the personality and the EEG amplitude parameters depend significantly on genetic (neurochemical,
in particular) factors. Such peculiarities of the neurodynamic constitution of the individual are probably determined, to
a considerable extent, by the specificities of organization and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (aminergic, in particular)
and neurohumoral systems. 相似文献
9.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,42(6):434-445
In a group of 118 adults of both sexes, we studied modulation of the low-frequency EEG components (δ and θ rhythms) under
conditions of an activation reaction resulting from opening of the eyes. Typical changes of the α rhythm (considerable depression
in a great majority of the tested subjects) was accompanied by diverse, in their direction, shifts of the spectral power (SP)
of the δ and θ components in different subjects. The δ rhythm power increased upon the reaction of activation in 79 subjects
and decreased in 29 subjects, while changes in this index in different hemispheres were of opposite directions in 10 persons.
According to the reactivity of the θ rhythm, the respective subgroups included 36, 75, and 7 subjects. Values of the differential
coefficients of reactivity (DCR) for the δ and θ rhythms demonstrated significant positive correlation (r = 0.616 and 0.603
for the left and right hemispheres, respectively). Indices of reactivity of the α and θ rhythms also correlated but less closely
(r about 0.3). At the same time, there was practically no correlation between the DCR values of the α and δ rhythms. Within
the entire studied group, we found significant negative correlations between the DCRs of the δ and θ activity with the estimates
of some psychological characteristics of the subjects (levels of extroversion, psychoticism, ergicity, plasticity, dominance,
and a few others) measured using the questionnaires RTS (Strelau), EPQ (Eysenck), OST (Rusalov), and 16 PF (Kettel). We also
found positive correlations with the levels of normativity of behavior and development of imagination. At a rather high significance
of such correlations, coefficients of the latter were, as a rule, relatively low (usually less than 0.2). Results of dispersion
analysis showed that significant or close to significant intergroup differences of the mean values of estimates of psychological
characteristics diagnosed according to the above-mentioned questionnaires were typical of the subgroups of subjects with increases
and decreases in the SPs of the δ and θ rhythms or with opposite changes of these indices in the hemispheres. Probable mechanisms
of modulation of the low-frequency EEG components under conditions of the activation reaction and correlations of such changes
with psychological peculiarities of the personality are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Coherence at the frequency of θ, α, and β EEG rhythms was analyzed in 14 adults and 23 children of 7–8 years old while they
performed cognitive tasks requiring an involvement of working memory (WM). We used the pair matching paradigm in which subjects
had to match a pair of stimuli shown in succession in the central visual field. The pairs of verbal and visuo-spatial stimuli
were mixed together and presented in a pseudo random order. Each pair was preceded by a warning signal that did not specify
a modality of upcoming stimuli. We analyzed EEG segments recorded (i) in the rest condition, (ii) prior to the first (reference)
stimulus (maintenance of nonspecific voluntary attention), and (iii) prior to the second (test) stimulus (retention of information
in WM). In the present study we focused on the regulatory functional components of WM, and therefore, the stimulus modality
has not been taken into account. In adults, maintaining nonspecific voluntary attention was accompanied by an increase of
the strength of θ-related functional coupling between medial areas of the frontal cortex and temporal cortical zones and by
a strengthening of local β-related functional connectivity in the fronto-central areas of the cortex. In children, no such
increase was found for θ rhythm; for β rhythm the increase was limited to several short-range functional links. In adults,
the retention of information in WM was accompanied by the growth in α coherence in distant fronto-parietal links, predominantly
in the right hemisphere, while in children information retention was accompanied by the growth of θ coherence in the inferio-temporal
and parietal cortical regions. The results of the study point to a relative immaturity of the mechanisms of executive control
of WM in children of 7–8 years old. 相似文献
11.
Using yeast two-hybrid system to detect interactions of ATP synthase subunits from Spinacia oleracea
Subunit interactions among the chloroplast ATP synthase subunits were studied using the yeast two-hybrid system. Various pairwise
combinations of genes encoding α, β, γ, δ and ε subunits ofSpinach ATP synthase fused to the binding domain or activation domain of GAL4 DNA were introduced into yeast and then expression
of a reporter gene encoding β-galactosidase was detected. Of all the combinations, that of γ and ε subunit genes showed the
highest level of reporter gene expression, while those of α and β, a and ε, β and ε and β and δ induced stable and significant
reporter gene expression. The combination of δ and ε as well as that of δ and γ induced weak and unstable reporter gene expression.
However, combinations of α and γ, β and γ and α and δ did not induce reporter gene expression. These results suggested that
specific and strong interactions between γ and ε, α and β, α and ε, β and ε and β and δ subunits, and weak and transient interactions
between δ and ε and δ and γ subunits occurred in the yeast cell in the two-hybrid system. These results give a new look into
the structural change of ATP synthase during catalysis. 相似文献
12.
EEG power mapping in the frequency bands from Δ to γ2 was used to study the changes in the background cerebral activity during “successful” cognitive aging, with the cognitive
ability preserved, in subjects engaged in complex occupational activities. The sample consisted of an older age group (OAG)
of 32 subjects (14 men and 18 women with a mean age of 65.1 ± 1.18 years) and a younger age group (YAG) of 33 subjects (18
men and 15 women with a mean age of 22.1 ± 0.38 years). The mean power of the slow (Δ, θ, and α2) rhythms decrease with age, and that of the fast (β and γ) rhythms increase with age. The heterogeneity of the power parameters
recorded at different sites was decreased in the OAG compared to the YAG. The centro-lateral power gradient was smoothed in
the frequency bands from Δ- to β2-, and both the centro-lateral and fronto-parietal power gradients and interhemispheric differences, in the α- and β1 bands in the OAG. The results suggest that the observed age-related changes are prerequisites for the involvement of compensatory
mechanisms, which may be related to both mobilization of larger resources ensuring cognitive activity and reorganization of
cortical networks in the areas prone to age-related physiological changes. 相似文献
13.
Subunit interactions among the chloroplast ATP synthase subunits were studied using the yeast two-hybrid system. Various pairwise
combinations of genes encoding α, β, γ, δ and ε subunits ofSpinach ATP synthase fused to the binding domain or activation domain of GAL4 DNA were introduced into yeast and then expression
of a reporter gene encoding β-galactosidase was detected. Of all the combinations, that of γ and ε subunit genes showed the
highest level of reporter gene expression, while those of α and β, a and ε, β and ε and β and δ induced stable and significant
reporter gene expression. The combination of δ and ε as well as that of δ and γ induced weak and unstable reporter gene expression.
However, combinations of α and γ, β and γ and α and δ did not induce reporter gene expression. These results suggested that
specific and strong interactions between γ and ε, α and β, α and ε, β and ε and β and δ subunits, and weak and transient interactions
between δ and ε and δ and γ subunits occurred in the yeast cell in the two-hybrid system. These results give a new look into
the structural change of ATP synthase during catalysis. 相似文献
14.
15.
We examined the dynamics of the ratios of spectral power densities (SPDs) of the alpha vs theta rhythms (α/θ ratio). of EEG and of the spiking frequency of supposedly dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmentum
in the course of neurofeedback sessions directed toward changes in the EEG characteristics. Trainings were performed using
techniques analogous to that used in neurofeedback sessions in humans. The level of the noise acoustic signal presented to
the animal decreased with increase in the α/θ ratio in the occipital leads. In the control realizations, there were no dependences
between the intensity of the acoustic signal and modulation of the current EEG. It was found that the animals learned, in
a conditioned-reflex mode, to correlate changes in the intensity of the sound signal and power of the EEG rhythms and to control
the latter; a high sound intensity was probably considered a factor of discomfort. The α/θ ratio in the course of neurofeedback
sessions changed due to some increase in the SPD of the alpha EEG component and a noticeable drop in the SPD of theta oscillations.
In a parallel manner with such modifications, augmentation of the spike activity of DA neurons was observed. Probable mechanisms
of the involvement of the cerebral DA system in the formation of the effects of neurofeedback sessions are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Tomohiro Yamaguchi Youichi Suzuki Ryuichi Katakura Takusaburo Ebina Junkichi Yokoyama Yoshiaki Fujimiya 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1998,47(2):97-103
γδT cells play a regulatory role in both primary and metastatic tumor growth in humans. The mechanisms responsible for the
activation and proliferation of circulating γδT cells should be fully understood prior to their adoptive transfer to cancer
patients. We have examined in vitro functional effects of interleukin-15 (IL-15) on highly purified γδT cells isolated from
glioblastoma patients. γδT cells constitutively express the heterotrimeric IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) αβγ, but the levels of IL-2Rβ
or γ expression were not increased by incubation with saturating amounts of IL-15. IL-15 was shown to induce a maximal γδT
cell proliferation, although at much higher concentrations (at least 2000 U/ml) than IL-2 (100 U/ml). Submaximal concentrations
of IL-15 plus low concentrations of IL-2 produced an additive proliferative response. In contrast to the IL-2-induced response,
this activity was completely or partially abrogated by anti-IL-2Rβ, or anti-IL-2Rγ antibodies, but not by anti-IL-2Rα antibodies.
Incubation of γδT cells in the presence of IL-15 resulted not only in the appearance of NK and LAK activity, but also in specific
autologous tumor cell killing activity, an additive effect being seen with IL-15 and IL-2. This IL-15-induced tumor-specific
activity could be significantly blocked by anti-IL-2Rγ and anti-IL-2R-β mAb, but not by anti-IL-2Rα mAb. Thus, in contrast
to IL-2, IL-15 activates tumor-specific γδT cells through the components of IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ, but not IL-2Rα. These enhanced
in vitro tumor-specific and proliferative responses of γδT cells seen with IL-15 suggest a rational adjuvant imunotherapeutic
use of γδT cells in cancer patients.
Received: 23 January 1998 / Accepted: 20 May 1998 相似文献
17.
M. L. Ashkinazi 《Human physiology》2010,36(6):678-690
The spectral powers (SPs) of the θ and α EEG rhythms were studied at different stages of visual set in children from five
to seven years of age. Children with a plastic set had a greater α band SP than those with a rigid set. At the set formation
stage, children with a rigid set displayed an increase in the SP of the θ band, which is a manifestation of an “immature”
activation reaction. Children with a plastic set exhibited an increase in the α band SP in the occipital lobes of both hemispheres.
The dynamics of the SP of the EEG rhythms differed in children younger and older than six years. At the set formation stage,
children from five to six years of age exhibited the above-mentioned “immature” activation reaction, while those from six
to seven years of age showed an increase in the α band SP in the occipital lobes. At the set actualization stage, an increase
in the α band SP was observed in the right caudal areas, while the set extinction stage was marked by a bilateral depression
of the α band in the frontal lobes. The importance of the involvement of specific cortical areas in visual perception and
the formation of a plastic set is discussed. 相似文献
18.
We studied correlations between the frequency of background impulse activity (BIA) of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the
ventral tegmentum (VT) and spectral power (SP) of the frequency components of EEG samples recorded in awake cats. The EEG
was recorded monopolarly (electrodes were fixed in the cranial bones) from the frontal, occipital, and right and left temporal
regions of the cortex. In a great majority of the cases, the BIA frequency of VT DA-ergic neurons demonstrated significant
positive correlations with changes in the SPs of the alpha and beta EEG rhythms. The closest correlations of the spiking frequency
of DA-ergic cells with the SP of the alpha rhythm was observed in the occipital region, while those with the beta SP were
found in the frontal area. Correlations of the activity of DA-ergic neurons with the SPs of the alpha and beta rhythms in
the left temporal cortical zone were closer, as compared with those in the symmetrical right zone. Correlations of the SPs
of the delta, theta, and gamma EEG components with the discharge frequency of VT DA neurons were of opposite directions, and
in most cases such correlations did not reach the level of significance. The results of this study show that, in some cases,
specific EEG patterns can be considered indicators of the state of the cerebral VT DA-ergic system.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 359–367, July–August, 2008. 相似文献
19.
In chronic experiments on awake cats, we studied the dynamics of the spectral power density (SPD) of the α rhythm vs SPD of the θ rhythm ratio and also of the characteristics of impulse activity generated by supposedly noradrenergic (NA)
neurons of the locus coeruleus in the course of feedback (FB) sessions by EEG characteristics (EEG-FB). Trainings were performed using a technique analogous
to that in EEG-FB sessions for humans. The level of a sound noise signal presented to the animal decreased with increase in
the α/θ SPD ratio in the occipital lead. Changes in the level of the sound signal did not depend on EEG modulation in the
control series. The animals were trained to correlate changes in the loudness of the sound signal with the power of EEG rhythms
and, in such a way, to control the latter. The α/θ SPD ratio in EEG-FB sessions changed mostly due to a significant increase
in the α rhythm power. The frequency of the impulse activity of NA neurons increased in a parallel manner with such EEG modulation.
Possible mechanisms of the involvement of the cerebral NA system in the formation of the effects of EEG-FB sessions are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Modality-specific and supramodal EEG components that are related to the reorientation of involuntary anticipatory attention
from the internal to the external type were studied by comparing the unblocking of the visual and acoustic channels. EEG recording
was performed while subjects were at rest with their eyes open, with their eyes closed, or with their eyes closed while using
noise-protective earplugs. The means of both the EEG power in each of the derivations and EEG coherence in each of the derivation
pairs were calculated for every subject and for each of the states. The estimations have been done for the Δ, θ, α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ frequency bands. The obtained data proved the hypothesis on the manifestation of both modality-specific and supramodal
components in the brain mechanisms of involuntary anticipatory attention. These results are of interest for discussion on
the degree of similarity and distinction between the systemic supports of the brain mechanisms of visual and auditory attention. 相似文献