Gall midges of the supertribe stomatosematidi (Diptera,Cecidomyiidae) in the Palaearctic region,with descriptions of new taxa from the late Eocene Rovno Amber. 2. The genera <Emphasis Type="Italic">Didactylomyia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rovnodidactylomyia</Emphasis> gen. n.

One new genus (Rovnodidactylomyia Fedotova et Perkovsky, gen. n.) and four new species (Didactylomyia dlusskyi sp. n., Rovnodidactylomyia zosimovichi gen. n. et sp. n., R. sidorenkoi sp. n., and R. iconica sp. n.) are described from an amber sample of the late Eocene Period (Rovno District, Ukraine). Two species from a Baltic amber sample of the late Eocene Period, described earlier in the genus Bryocrypta, are attributed to the genus Rovnodidactylomyia (R. girafa (Meunier, 1904) comb. n. and R. capitosa (Meunier, 1904)). The first fossil species of the genus Didactylomyia is described for the first time; two contemporary Palaearctic species are recorded. Keys to the species of the genus Didactylomyia are given.     

Nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes of adaptive significance in the ural populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix sibirica</Emphasis> Ledeb.

The objectives of conservation and sustainable forest management require in depth study of genomes of woody plants and definition of their intraspecific genetic diversity. In recent years, an approach was developed based on the study of “candidate genes” that can potentially be involved in the formation of adaptive traits. In this study, we investigated nucleotide polymorphism of several adaptive candidate genes in the populations of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) in the Urals. Representatives of this genus are among the most valuable and widely distributed forest tree species in Russia. From ten selected gene loci in the genome of L. sibirica, we isolated and investigated three loci, one of which (ABA-WDS) was sequenced in L. sibirica for the first time. The total length of the analyzed sequence in each individual amounted to 2865 bp. The length of locus alignment was from 360 bp to 1395 bp. In total, we identified 200 polymorphic positions. The most conservative is locus 4CL1-363, and the most polymorphic is locus sSPcDFD040B03103-274. The studied populations of L. sibirica are characterized by a high level of nucleotide polymorphism in comparison with other species and genuses (Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Abies) conifers plants (Hd = 0.896; π = 0.007; θ_W = 0.015). The most selectively neutral polymorphism (D _T =–0.997) was attributed to locus 4CL1-363, and polymorphism with high probability of adaptability (D _T =–1.807) was determined for the ABA-WDS locus. We identified 54 SNP markers, only five of which were nonsynonymous (9.26%) replacements. The average frequency of SNPs in the three studied loci of L. sibirica was one SNP in 53 bp. We detected unique SNP markers for eight populations, which could potentially be used to identify populations. Populations that are characterized by the highest number of unique SNP markers can be recommended for selection in order to preserve the gene pool of the species.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mirabilicoxa kussakini</Emphasis> sp. nov., a new species of Desmosomatidae (Crustacea,Isopoda, Asellota) from the Sea of Japan

Mirabilicoxa kussakini sp. nov. is described from the bathyal of the northwestern Sea of Japan. This is the first record of the genus Mirabilicoxa Hessler, 1970 in the Sea of Japan. The new species is most similar to M. similis (Hansen, 1916), M. plana Hessler, 1970 and M. minuta Hessler, 1970 from the Northwest Atlantic. It differs from them in having a more elongated body (4.1–4.5 times as long as wide) and antenna 1 with the terminal article 5 shorter than article 4.     

New dinocyst species (family Ceratiaceae Willey et Hickson) from the Lower Cretaceous of Southwestern Western Siberia

New species of Aptian dinoflagellate cyst of the family Ceratiaceae, Endoceratium immarinum sp. nov. and Nyktericysta (Hastodinium) sibirica sp. nov., are described. These taxa interpreted as nonmarine expand the palynological characteristics of the Vikulovo Formation of Western Siberia.     

The Larvae of Three Species of Jewel Beetles of the Subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysoblemma</Emphasis> Jakovlev, 1889, Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphenoptera</Emphasis> Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera,Buprestidae), from Turkmenistan

The larvae of three species of jewel beetles of the subgenus Chrysoblemma Jakovlev of the genus Sphenoptera Dejean are described: Sphenoptera (Ch.) tamarisci beckeri Dohrn reared from Horaninovia ulicina Fisch. et Mey., Atriplex tatarica L. and Salsola arbuscula Pall.; Sphenoptera (Ch.) tomentosa Jakovlev from Salsola arbuscula; Sphenoptera (Ch.) amplicollis Jakovlev from Salsola orientalis S.G. Gmel. and Halothamnus glaucus (Bieb.) Botsch. Differential diagnoses to distinguish them from the previously described sphenopterine larvae are given.     

Phylogenetic reconstructions in the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Capra</Emphasis> (Bovidae,Artiodactyla) based on the mitochondrial DNA analysis

Mitochondrial genome fragments were examined in all species of the genus Capra (Bovidae, Artiodactyla). Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 59 cytochrome b gene sequences (392 bp), and 22 sequences of the mtDNA variable fragment (402 bp). In the control region, two unique deletions were revealed. One of the deletions was found only in Capra cylindricornis (17 bp), while another one grouped C. caucasica with C. aegagrus (1 bp). The group of Caucasian wild goats splits into two clades, and furthermore, the sequences of C. caucasica demonstrate remarkable similarity to the sequences of C. aegagrus, while C. cylindricornis seems to have evolved independently for a long period of time. It was demonstrated that C. pyrenaica and C. ibex were extremely close to one another. Capra sibirica formed an outer group relative to the other species, and according to our data, was the most ancient species of the genus. On the contrary, genetic distance separating C. falconeri (the most independent species of the genus related to its morphology) from the other species is small.     

On Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous oysters of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Deltoideum</Emphasis> Rollier (Bivalvia,Ostreoidea) from Siberia

Morphology, palaeoecology, and phylogeny of oysters of the genus Deltoideum Rollier from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of Siberia are discussed. The diagnosis and composition of the genus are revised. A new endemic subgenus, Boreiodeltoideum subgen. nov., of the genus Deltoideum is described. This subgenus includes two species, D. (B.) praeanabarensis (Zakharov) and D. (B.) anabarensis (Bodylevsky).     

A Review of the Fauna of the Planthopper Family Lophopidae (Homoptera,Fulgoroidea) from Vietnam with Descriptions of New Genera and Species and with Taxonomic Notes

Six new species are described from Vietnam, Apia simplexsp. n., Bisma angulatasp. n., Pitambara trypetoidessp. n., Sarmatoca cathemerinagen. et sp. n., Maracota soulieraegen. et sp. n., and Serida castaneasp. n., and Zeleja thoracalissp. n. from Malaysia. Two new genera, Maracotagen. n. (type species M. soulierae sp. n.) and Sarmatocagen. n. (type species S. cathemerina sp. n.), and a new subgenus Zelomachasubgen. n. (type species Zeleja thoracalis sp. n.) in the genus Zeleja are erected. The genus Binaluana Soulier-Perkins et Stroiński is downgraded to a subgenus of Zeleja Melichar. The genus Silvispina Wang et Soulier-Perkins with an uncertain systematic position is attributed to the subfamily Lophopinae and the tribe Lophopini. The placement of the genus Elasmoscelis Spinola (and, correspondingly, the tribe Elasmoscelini) in the subfamily Menoscinae, the genus Epiptyxis Gerstaecker in the tribe Menoscini, and the genus Jivatma Melichar in the tribe Lophopini is substantiated. New records of 11 species are given from Vietnam, some being first records for this country.     

New species of the bristletail family machilidae (insecta,microcoryphia) from Abkhazia

Six new species are described from Abkhazia: Charimachilis abchasica sp. n., Lepismachilis abchasica sp. n., Trigoniophthalmus longitarsus sp. n., T. nematocerus sp. n., T. abchasicus sp. n., and T. subalpinus sp. n. Species of the genus Lepismachilis and the subgenus Trigoniophthalmus s. str. (T. longitarsus sp. n.) are described from the Caucasus for the first time. A key to the species of the genus Trigoniophthalmus from the Caucasus is given.     

A review of the buprestid genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochinchinula</Emphasis> Volk. With description of new taxa from Thailand,and notes on the composition and classification of the tribe Acmaeoderini (Coleoptera,Buprestidae, Polycestinae)

A review of the Oriental genus Cochinchinula Volk. (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Polycestinae, Acmaeoderini) comprising three species is presented. The new species C. thailandica and C. bilyi spp. n. and the new genus Thaichinula gen. n. (type species T. ohmomoi sp. n.) from Thailand are described. A key to species of the genera Cochinchinula and Thaichinula is provided. The Nearctic genus Paracmaeoderoides Bellamy and Westcott is transferred from the subtribe Nothomorphina to the subtribe Acmaeoderoidina, and the South African genus Richtersveldia Bellamy is transferred from the subtribe Nothomorphina of Acmaeoderini to the tribe Ptosimini. The generic status is restored for another South African genus, Brachmaeodera Volkovitsh and Bellamy. The main evolutionary trends are discussed, and the taxonomic composition and classification of the tribe Acmaeoderini are clarified.     

Chromosomal mutations in Siberian larch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix sibirica</Emphasis> Ledeb.) on Taimyr Peninsula

Chromosomal mutations were studied in the Norilsk population of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) growing at the northeastern boundary of the species range affected by airborne smelter emissions. Different types of frequent chromosomal mutations have been revealed in the Norilsk population of L. sibirica and B-chromosomes have been found in this species for the first time.     

A synopsis of gall midges associated with conifers,with description of a new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kaltenbachiola</Emphasis> Hedicke (Diptera,Cecidomyiidae: Lasiopterinae) from Yakutia,damaging cones of the Siberian spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea obovata</Emphasis>)

The world fauna comprises 134 species from 52 genera of gall midges associated with plants of the order Pinales (3 families, 16 genera and 74 species); 14 genera are specific to Pinales. The distribution of genera and species of gall midges over host plant taxa is described. The Holarctic genus Kaltenbachiola comprises four species all developing in the spruce (Picea spp.) cones. Earlier, K. strobi (Winnertz), widely distributed in Europe, was the only species known in the Palaearctic. A new species Kaltenbachiola anastasiae sp. n. is described, which damages cones of Picea obovata in Central Yakutia. The phylogenetic relationships of Kaltenbachiola with close genera specific to Pinales are characterized, and an updated diagnosis of the genus with additional morphometric parameters and keys to the pine-specific genera of the tribe Dasineurini and to species of the genus Kaltenbachiola are given. The host associations and specific traits of biology and distribution of Kaltenbachiola species are considered.     

A review of sciarids of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptosciarella</Emphasis> Tuomikoski 1960 (Diptera,Sciaridae) in the Altai fauna,with description of three new species

The taxonomy of the genus Leptosciarella Tuomikoski, 1960 in the Altai Area within Altai Territory and the Altai Republic was studied. Eleven species were recognized, including three new species which are described and illustrated here: Leptosciarella (L.) ulagana Komarova sp. n., L. (L.) angustistylus Komarova sp. n., L. (L.) senex Komarova sp. n. Additionally, L. (L.) fuscipalpa (Mohrig et Mamaev 1979) and L. (L.) truncata (Tuomikoski 1960) are recorded from Altai for the first time. A key to the Altai species is provided.     

New jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from the Cretaceous of Russia,Kazakhstan, and Mongolia

A new jewel beetle genus, with one species (Cretofrontolina kzyldzharica gen. et sp. nov.) from the Upper Cretaceous of Kazakhstan is described based on a body; and three new species of the formal genus Metabuprestium are described based on isolated elytra: Metabuprestium sibiricum sp. nov. and M. arkagalense sp. nov. come from the Arkagala locality (Upper Cretaceous of Russia) and M. ichbogdense sp. nov. is from the Shar Tologoi locality (Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia).     

A review of the chrysomelid genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyperaxis</Emphasis> Gemm. et Har., 1874 (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) from Vietnam

A review of species of the genus Hyperaxis Gemminger et Harold from Vietnam is given. Five new species (H. dentifemur sp. n., H. longipilosa sp. n., H. sonlanga sp. n., H. phanrangi sp. n. and H. buonloica sp. n.) and a new subspecies (H. buonloica darlaki subsp. n.) are described. A key to all the 11 species of the Vietnamese fauna is given. The genitalia are figured for all species. Lectotype is designated for Hyperaxis pallidipes Pic.     

New species of the bristletail families Ateluridae and Lepismatidae (Zygentoma) from Abkhazia and Adygea

Four new species of the bristletail families Ateluridae (Atelura abkhazica sp. n. and Nipponatelurina caucasica sp. n.) and Lepismatidae (Lepisma xylophila sp. n. and L. adygei sp. n.) are described. Atelura abkhazica sp. n. differs from the other species of the genus Atelura in a smaller size, smaller number of ovipositor divisions, in the presence of apical sensory cones on the male parameres, which are absent in the other species of the genus, and in a fewer number of lateral pegs on urotergite X. The genus Nipponatelurina comprises two species (N. kurosai Mendes et Machida, 1994 and N. caucasica sp. n.). The distinguishing features of N. caucasica sp. n. include a significant number of short minute thin cilia on the head capsule, a longer ultimate segment of the maxillary palp, and a fewer number of setae at the posterior margin of urosternites IV–VII. Lepisma xylophila sp. n. differs from L. saccharinum and L. chlorosoma in the distribution of epidermic pigment and in the urotergites chaetom. Lepisma adygei sp. n. is most closely related to the synanthropic species L. saccharinum, but differs in the size of the body, color of scales on the upper surface of the body, and in the structure of the labial palps, urotergite X, ovipositor, and parameres.     

Revision of the systematics of algae in the order Laminariales (Phaeophyta) from the Far-Eastern Seas of Russia on the basis of molecular-phylogenetic data

An overview of the literature changes in the systematics of algae in the order Laminariales (Phaeophyta) based on molecular phylogentic data is given. In a recent taxonomic revision by Lane et al., [45], the number and status of the families traditionally included in the order have been revised. One family was transferred to the order Tilopteridales; a new family, the Costariaceae, was described; and the genus Laminaria was split into 2 genera, Laminaria and a newly resurrected genus Saccharina. These innovations have necessitated a systematic revision of the Far Eastern species of the Laminariales. Our genetic studies indicate that 2 species of Laminaria and 12 intraspecific taxa (1 subspecies and 11 forms) from the Russian Pacific coasts should be transferred to the genus Saccharina. The following new nomenclatural combinations are proposed: Saccharina bongardiana, comb. nov. (including 4 forms: f. bifurcata, f. subsessilis, f. subsimplex, f. taeniata) and Saccharina gurjanovae, comb. nov. (including f. lanciformis). In addition, new nomenclature combinations are proposed for intraspecific taxa of the Laminaria species (L. angustata, L. cichorioides, L. japonica) that have already been transferred to the genus Saccharina [45]. These include S. angustata subsp. sibirica, comb. nov., 4 new combinations for the forms of S. cichorioides (f. coriacea, f. sacchalinensis, f. sikotanensis, and f. sinuicola), and 2 new combinations for the forms of S. japonica (f. diabolica, and f. longipes). The taxonomic status of the rest of the members of the Laminariales known from the seas of the Russian Far East is discussed. Laminariaceous algae in this area represent 6 of the 8 known families currently included in the Laminariales (Chordaceae, Pseudochordaceae, Alariaceae, Arthrothamnaceae, Laminariaceae, and Costariaceae).     

On the First Finds of the Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Djanaliparkinsonia</Emphasis> (Stephanoceratidae,Ammonoidea) in the Upper Bajocian of the Northern Caucasus

The genus Djanaliparkinsonia Kutuzova, 1975 was originally described as an endemic subgenus of the genus Parkinsonia (family Parkinsoniidae of the superfamily Perisphinctoidea) from the Upper Bajocian (middle member of the Degibadam Formation) of the Gissar Range (Uzbekistan). A new species D. alanica sp. nov. is established from the Upper Bajocian Garantiana garantiana Zone (upper member of the Djangura Formation) based on occurrences in the Northern Caucasus (Karachay-Cherkessia). Macroconchs and microconchs of the new species are described from the two localities on the Kuban and Kyafar rivers. Djanaliparkinsonia sp. is identified from the lower subzone of the Parkinsonia parkinsoni Zone of the Kyafar River. The species composition and geographic range of Djanaliparkinsonia are expanded: a species previously described from Germany as Garantiana bentzi Wetzel, 1954 also assigned to the genus. The genus Djanaliparkinsonia is assigned to the subfamily Garantianinae of the family Stephanoceratidae (superfamily Stephanoceratoidea).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Halymenia johorensis</Emphasis> sp. nov. (Halymeniaceae,Rhodophyta), a new foliose red algal species from Malaysia

A new Halymenia species, Halymenia johorensis sp. nov., from southern Peninsular Malaysia is proposed based on plastid-encoded large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene analyses and detailed morphological observations. The new species is characterized by having (1) elliptical, oblong, or irregularly shaped blades, incised with some perforations, arising from a narrow-cuneate stipe attached to a discoid holdfast; (2) blades with a cartilaginous and gelatinous texture, a smooth to rugose surface, and irregularly dentate and cleft margins; and (3) isodiametric outer cortical cells and rounded to stellate inner cortical cells. RbcL sequence analyses have shown H. johorensis to be genetically distinct from other Halymenia species. Although H. johorensis is sister to Halymenia plana, these two species can be distinguished both molecularly and morphologically. Further studies are necessary to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and species diversity in this genus.