草鱼腺苷酸基琥珀酸裂解酶克隆及序列分析

腺苷酸基琥珀酸裂解酶(Adenylosuccinate lyase,ADSL)是嘌呤核苷酸合成过程中的关键酶.研究以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肠道cDNA文库为基础,应用PCR、RT-PCR和RACE技术,成功获得了草鱼肠道组织腺苷酸基琥珀酸裂解酶基因的cDNA全长和基凶组DNA全长.该基因全长1584 bp,包含一个1449 bp的开放阅读框,编码482个氨基酸,与其他脊椎动物比对显示,其序列具有较高的保守性.草鱼腺苷酸基琥珀酸裂解酶基因组DNA由13个外显子和12个内含子组成,其外显子拼接位点非常保守.遵循GT-AG原则.     

猪骨骼肌快肌肌钙蛋白C2基因的cDNA克隆与表达分析

从人骨骼肌快肌肌钙蛋白C2（TNNC2）基因出发,在dbEST数据库中进行同源性搜索,找到一个有较高同源性且在猪背最长肌中表达EST（BM083186）。通过电子克隆和进一步RT-PCR实验验证,获得猪TNNC2基因全长cDNA序列,其全长843bp,开放阅读框为201～683bp,编码有160个氨基酸。同源性分析结果表明,与人、鼠的骨骼肌快肌肌钙蛋白C2基因cDNA编码区（CDS）同源性分别为93.6％、90.5％,蛋白序列同源性均为97.5%。多种组织的半定量RT-PCR研究表明,该基因在骨骼肌中表达,并且在杜洛克猪背最长肌中的表达比兰塘猪高。     

鹅掌楸LcUGE基因的克隆和组织表达分析

为了解鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)的UGE基因功能,采用RACE和EPIC-PCR技术克隆到2个UGE基因,命名为LcUGE1和LcUGE2。结果表明,LcUGE1基因的c DNA全长为1 531 bp,包含1 050 bp的开放阅读框,编码349个氨基酸, gDNA长度为11 920 bp;LcUGE2基因的c DNA长度为1 378 bp,包含1 056 bp的开放阅读框,编码351个氨基酸,g DNA长度为6544 bp。LcUGE1和LcUGE2基因均含有9个外显子和8个内含子,且外显子长度和内含子剪切位点序列几乎一致,但内含子片段长度存在显著差异。编码的LcUGE1和LcUGE2蛋白高度保守,保守性达到82%。LcUGE1基因在雄蕊中表达量最高,而LcUGE2基因则在花萼中表达量最高。这表明LcUGEs基因可能参与鹅掌楸的生殖发育过程。     

大熊猫RPS15 cDNA的克隆及序列分析

本研究运用RT-PCR技术,首次从大熊猫 Ailuropoda melanoleuca的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了核糖体蛋白S15 (RPS15)基因的表达序列,并对其进行了初步分析.结果 表明:大熊猫RPS15基因的表达序列全长为442 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为438 bp,编码145个氨基酸,该蛋白的分子量为17.0401 KDa, 等电点为10.3,含有2个依赖于cAMP和cGMP的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点, 5个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,4个N-酰基化位点及1个RPS19蛋白signature位点.进一步分析发现,大熊猫RPS15基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的部分哺乳动物具有很高的相似性.     

彩叶草羟基丙酮酸还原酶基因CbHPR的克隆及分析

为研究C3植物彩叶草的光呼吸作用,根据获得的HPR EST片段,采用RACE和文库结合的方法,克隆了HPR蛋白的全长cDNA,命名为CbHPR(GenBank accession No.EF125078).序列分析结果表明,该cDNA全长为1 393 bp,包含一个1 161 bp的ORF框,编码386个氨基酸;其5′-UTR区含有2个终止子TGA,3′-UTR区具有推测的加尾信号AATAAA;CbHPR蛋白C端具定位于微体的转运信号S-K-L,具有1个保守的2-Hacid_dh_C domain结构域(D-异构体-羟基酸脱氢酶-NAD结合结构域)、5个S磷酸化位点、4个T磷酸化位点和6个Y磷酸化位点.PSORT定位分析显示,CbHPR定位于叶的过氧化物酶体中.多序列比较和进化树分析表明,CbHPR与其他植物HPR一致性高达87%～90%,与拟南芥AtHPR具有相似的功能.CbHPR基因的克隆与分析,为进一步研究该基因在彩叶草的光呼吸作用中的表达调控奠定了基础.     

番石榴实蝇性别决定基因 Bcotra 和 Bcotra-2 的克隆、序列特征及表达分析

【目的】对番石榴实蝇 Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi)性别决定基因 transformer 和 transformer 2 的cDNA和基因组DNA序列进行克隆和分析,明确这2个基因的结构特征及其在不同发育阶段和雌、雄成虫不同组织中的表达模式,为进一步的功能研究和番石榴实蝇遗传性别品系(genetic sexing strain, GSS)的建立奠定基础。【方法】利用PCR结合RACE技术克隆番石榴实蝇2个性别决定基因的cDNA全长和内含子序列,利用不同的生物信息学软件对序列进行结构预测、序列比对和进化树分析;利用半定量RT-PCR检测这2个基因在番石榴实蝇的不同发育阶段及雌、雄成虫不同组织(精巢、卵巢、中肠和脂肪体)中的表达分布。【结果】克隆得到番石榴实蝇 transformer 和 transformer 2 的cDNA全长序列,分别命名为 Bcotra 和 Bcotra-2 。 Bcotra 存在性别特异剪接,雌虫 Bcotra 的cDNA全长1 673 bp,其开放读码框(ORF)为1 242 bp,编码413个氨基酸(GenBank登录号为KP712876);雄虫Bcotra cDNA全长2 025 bp,比雌虫多2个外显子,但由于外显子上有多个终止密码子,因此,不能编码完整的有功能的Tra蛋白(GenBank登录号为KP712877)。 Bcotra-2 不存在性别特异剪接,cDNA全长1 458 bp,其开放读码框(ORF)为756 bp,编码251个氨基酸,具有RNA结合蛋白的典型特征(GenBank登录号为KM658207)。Bcotra-2有8个外显子,7个内含子。氨基酸序列比对和系统进化关系表明,两个基因的系统发育关系一致,Tra-2与目前已报道的双翅目Tra-2具有很高的同源性,而Tra的保守性较Tra-2要低。半定量RT-PCR结果显示, Bcotra 和 Bcotra-2 在番石榴实蝇的不同发育阶段及雌、雄成虫不同组织中都有表达。【结论】本研究明确了Bcotra 和 Bcotra-2 的基因组DNA和cDNA结构特征,Bcotra 和 Bcotra-2 在番石榴实蝇的不同发育阶段和成虫不同组织中均有表达,序列分析发现这两个性别决定基因均具有Tra/Tra-2结合位点、内含子剪接抑制序列位点,其中 Bcotra 具有RNA结合蛋白的结合位点,暗示了这2个基因可能通过翻译后相互作用调控雌、雄体性发育。Bcotra 存在性别特异剪接,雌虫特有的一段963 bp的内含子序列可以用于番石榴实蝇遗传定性品系的载体构建。     

大熊猫酸性核糖体磷酸蛋白P1 基因cDNA 克隆及序列分析

运用RT-PCR 技术,从大熊猫的肌肉组织总RNA 中成功克隆了酸性核糖体磷酸蛋白P1 (RPLP1)基因的表达序列,并对其进行了测序及初步分析。结果表明:大熊猫RPLP1 基因的表达序列全长为448 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为344 bp,编码114 个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的分子量为11.566 kDa,pI 为4.4,含有3 个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和2 个N - 酰基化位点。进一步分析发现,大熊猫RPLP1 基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的部分哺乳动物具有很高的相似性。      

牛Irak-1基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

电子克隆提供了一种利用基因组数据库克隆新基因全长cDNA序列的策略。利用小鼠Irak-1基因编码序列(NM_008363)为种子序列进行电子克隆获得了牛Irak-1基因完整编码序列。然后,用生物信息学方法分析了该基因的结构,微卫星位点,密码子偏性和氨基酸的同源性等。结果表明:该基因cDNA全长2 645bp,无内含子,最大开放阅读框2 157bp,编码718个氨基酸,与小鼠的同源性为77%。     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶Xyn43A基因的克隆和生物信息学分析

[目的]克隆黑曲霉木聚糖酶(Xyn43A)基因,进一步对其进行生物信息学分析。[方法]利用3'RACE与5'RACE技术,克隆Xyn43A全长cDNA序列,扩增Xyn43A的DNA序列,并进行序列分析。[结果]cDNA全长1152bp(不含Poly(A)),包含一个957bp开放阅读框,编码信号肽19个氨基酸,成熟肽299个氨基酸,5'与3'非编码区分别为113bp、82bp。预测该蛋白相对分子量为33.47kDa,等电点为4.55。该序列含一个长度为86bp的内含子。Xyn43A为亲水性稳定蛋白,有4个N-糖基化位点,26个磷酸化位点。与GH43族木聚糖酶亲缘性较近,具有GH43族糖基水解酶典型的5叶片螺旋桨结构。[结论]克隆了一个新的木聚糖酶基因,属于GH43族糖基水解酶。     

棕色棉DFR基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

花色素苷是影响花色的主要色素,二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(DFR)基因是花色素苷生物合成途径的关键酶基因。通过同源克隆策略,以新彩棉6号(XC-6)纤维的RNA以及DNA为模板克隆得到GhDFR基因的CDS全长编码序列及带有内含子的基因组序列,并进行了生物信息学分析。序列分析结果显示,该基因含有6个外显子,5个内含子结构,其cDNA包含一个1 020 bp的开放阅读框,编码355个氨基酸,其氨基酸序列包含具有高度保守性的NADP(H)的结合位点以及底物特异性结合位点。推定的GhDFR蛋白质分子量为39.65 kD,等电点为5.67。该蛋白氨基酸序列同毛果杨、葡萄、天竺葵等物种DFR蛋白显示出较高同源性,而系统进化分析结果表明其与天竺葵、芍药DFR亲缘关系较近。氨基酸序列分析预测表明,GhDFR基因所编码的蛋白不具备信号肽区段,无明显跨膜区域,不属于分泌蛋白,可能为亲水性蛋白,定位于细胞质的可能性最高,其主要二级结构元件为α-螺旋和无规则卷曲。GhDFR属于NADB-Rossmann superfamily。     

Nucleotide Sequences of an Important Functional Gene hnRNPA2/B1 from Ailuropoda melanoleuca and Ursus thibetanus mupinensis and Its Potential Value in Phylogenetic Study

The cDNA fragments of hnRNPA2/B1 were cloned from the giant panda and black bear using RT-PCR method, which were, respectively, 1029bp and 1026bp in length encoding 343 and 341 amino acids. Analysis indicated the cDNA cloned from the giant panda encoded variant B1 while the cDNA cloned from black bear encoded variant A2.

Analyzing the hnRNPA2B1 peptide of the giant panda and black bear, 76 glycine residues and 86 glycine residues were, respectively, found, and moreover, most glycine are concentrated in the latter halves of the hnRNPA2B1 peptides. Functional sites prediction also showed many N-myristoylation sites existed in the glycine-rich domain, which is probably related to the role of telomere maintenance.

From base bias and substitution analysis, we can conclude that the ORF of hnRNPA2/B1 biased G while hated C, and transition of the third site did not achieve the level of saturation.

Orthology analysis indicated that both the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity to other 26 hnRNPA2/B1 sequences from mammals and nonmammals reported. These sequences were used to construct phylogenetic trees employing the NJ method with 1000 bootstrap, and the obtained tree demonstrated similar topology with the classical systematics, which suggested the potential value of hnRNPA2/B1 in phylogenetic analysis.

This report will be the first step to the study function of hnRNPA2/B1 in the giant panda and black bear, and will provide a scientific basis to disease surveillance, captive breeding, and conservation of the endangered species.     

Giant panda ribosomal protein S14: cDNA, genomic sequence cloning, sequence analysis, and overexpression

RPS14 is a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit encoded by the RPS14 gene and is required for its maturation. The cDNA and the genomic sequence of RPS14 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology and touchdown-PCR, respectively; they were both sequenced and analyzed. The length of the cloned cDNA fragment was 492 bp; it contained an open-reading frame of 456 bp, encoding 151 amino acids. The length of the genomic sequence is 3421 bp; it contains four exons and three introns. Alignment analysis indicates that the nucleotide sequence shares a high degree of homology with those of Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Gallus gallus, Xenopus laevis, and Danio rerio (93.64, 83.37, 92.54, 91.89, 87.28, 84.21, and 84.87%, respectively). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the giant panda with those of these other species revealed that the RPS14 of giant panda is highly homologous with those of B. taurus, R. norvegicus and D. rerio (85.99, 99.34 and 99.34%, respectively), and is 100% identical with the others. This degree of conservation of RPS14 suggests evolutionary selection. Topology prediction shows that there are two N-glycosylation sites, three protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, two casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, four N-myristoylation sites, two amidation sites, and one ribosomal protein S11 signature in the RPS14 protein of the giant panda. The RPS14 gene can be readily expressed in Escherichia coli. When it was fused with the N-terminally His-tagged protein, it gave rise to accumulation of an expected 22-kDa polypeptide, in good agreement with the predicted molecular weight. The expression product obtained can be purified for studies of its function.     

Expression, purification, and evaluation for anticancer activity of ribosomal protein L31 gene (RPL31) from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Ribosomal protein L31 gene is a component of the 60S large ribosomal subunit encoded by RPL31 gene, while ribosomal protein L31 (RPL31) is an important constituent of peptidyltransferase center. In our research, the cDNA and the genomic sequence of RPL31 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology respectively, following sequencing and analyzing preliminarily. We constructed a recombinant expression vector contained RPL31 cDNA and over-expressed it in Escherichia coli using pET28a plasmids. The expression product was purified to obtain recombinant protein of RPL31 from the giant panda. Recombinant protein of RPL31 obtained from the experiment acted on human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 and human hepatoma HepG-2 cells for study of its anti-cancer activity by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimehyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] method. Then observe these cells growth depressive effect. The result indicated that the cDNA fragment of the RPL31 cloned from the giant panda is 419 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 378 bp, and deduced protein was composed of 125 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 14.46-kDa and PI of 11.21. The length of the genomic sequence is 8,091 bp, which was found to possess four exons and three introns. The RPL31 gene can be readily expressed in E.coli, expecting 18-kDa polypeptide that formed inclusion bodies. Recombinant protein RPL31 from the giant panda consists of 157 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 17.86 kDa and PI of 10.77. The outcomes showed that the cell growth inhibition rate in a time- and dose-dependent on recombinant protein RPL31. And also indicated that the effect at low concentrations was better than high concentrations on Hep-2 cells, and the concentration of 0.33 μg/mL had the best rate of growth inhibition, 44 %. Consequently, our study aimed at revealing the recombinant protein RPL31 anti-cancer function from the giant panda, providing scientific basis and resources for the research and development of cancer protein drugs anti-cancer mechanism research. Further studies of the mechanism and the signal transduction pathways are in progress.     

大熊猫Sjogren综合症/硬皮病自身抗原1基因(SSSCA1)的克隆及比较

硬皮病或称系统性硬化症(systemic sclerosis,SSc),又名sjogren's综合症,是一种以局限性或弥漫性皮肤及内脏器官结缔组织纤维化或硬化,最后发展至萎缩为特点的疾病.根据受累范围、程度、病程分为局限性SSc和弥漫性SSc两类,累及的内脏器官为肺脏、食管,患者常死于肺部感染、肾衰竭、心力衰竭等.     

大熊猫辅酶Q-细胞色素C氧化还原酶的辅酶Q连接蛋白基因cDNA的克隆及序列比较

大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）是世界上极其宝贵的自然历史遗产,具有重要的学术研究价值,其生存和保护现状为世人所关注。而从分子水平上对大熊猫开展研究逐渐成为国内外研究的重点。目前,对大熊猫基因的研究多集中于线粒体（Zhang and Ryder,1994）和部分基因的克隆与分析（周荣家等,1998）,而涉及众多功能基因及其生物学功能探索相对较少,     

The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, was determined by the long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR) with conserved primers and primer walking sequence methods. The complete mitochondrial DNA is 16,805 nucleotides in length and contains two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one control region. The total length of the 13 protein-coding genes is longer than the American black bear, brown bear and polar bear by 3 amino acids at the end of ND5 gene. The codon usage also followed the typical vertebrate pattern except for an unusual ATT start codon, which initiates the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene. The molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed on the sequences of 12 concatenated heavy-strand encoded protein-coding genes, and suggested that the giant panda is most closely related to bears.