怀牛膝细胞悬浮培养条件的优化

为进一步优化怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)细胞悬浮培养条件,对接种量、继代周期、pH、光照及Cu2+等多种影响因子的作用效果进行了研究,以提高怀牛膝细胞生长量及牛膝多糖含量。结果显示,接种量50 g·L^–1、继代周期14天,pH5–6和光照培养可以使细胞保持良好的生长状态及多糖合成能力;添加50μmol·L^–1 Cu^2+,细胞的干重最大,可达44.63 g·L^–1,多糖含量也最高,为4.02 mg·g^–1。     

继代周期和接种量对葡萄细胞培养的影响

在每种不同的继代周期和接种量条件下,葡萄细胞在连续10次继代培养过程中的生物量、花青素含量、胞内糖、胞内蛋白及胞内总磷均表现出不同程度的波动。不同接种量对培养不稳定性的影响比不同继代周期大;在所考察的条件中,7d继代周期与1.60g接种量组合的继代条件下花青素合成相对稳定;花青素合成与胞内蔗糖或胞内总磷水平呈负相关。     

怀牛膝细胞悬浮培养条件的优化

为进一步优化怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)细胞悬浮培养条件,对接种量、继代周期、pH、光照及Cu~(2+)等多种影响因子的作用效果进行了研究,以提高怀牛膝细胞生长量及牛膝多糖含量。结果显示,接种量50 g·L~(–1)、继代周期14天,pH5–6和光照培养可以使细胞保持良好的生长状态及多糖合成能力;添加50μmol·L~(–1 )Cu~(2+),细胞的干重最大,可达44.63 g·L~(–1),多糖含量也最高,为4.02 mg·g~(–1)。     

若干因子对鸡冠花悬浮培养中花色素苷积累的影响

本文研究几种植物生长调节剂和蔗糖浓度对鸡冠花细胞悬浮培养中花色素苷积累的影响。结果表明,细胞分裂素KT使花色素苷积累明显高于6-BA,且KT在2 μmol/L时积累量最高;2,4-D在2 μmol/L时对花色素苷积累效果明显,其它浓度的2,4-D和NAA对花色素苷积累效果不明显。高浓度蔗糖有利于花色素苷积累;MS+2,4-D(2 μmol/L)+KT(2 μmol/L)+蔗糖(292 mmol/L)为鸡冠花悬浮细胞培养生产花色素苷的最佳培养基。研究中还发现,在黑暗条件培养下无花色素苷积累,推断光是诱导花色素苷积累的主要因素。随着继代次数的增加,花色素苷含量明显增高,但到第4代时基本稳定。     

搅拌式生物反应器悬浮培养水母雪莲细胞的研究

应用 2L通气搅拌式生物反应器一步批式培养水母雪莲细胞。采用倾斜式搅拌桨代替透平桨 ,研究了搅拌转速、通气量和接种量对细胞生长和黄酮合成的影响 ,发现在 75r min、70 0～1000L min和 4.0～ 5.0gDCW L接种量下细胞生长和黄酮合成比较好。经过 12d培养细胞干重达 13.8gDCW L ,黄酮产量 416mg L ,黄酮含量占细胞干重的 30%。水母雪莲细胞生长及黄酮合成的进程表明 ,黄酮积累与细胞生长呈正相关。对细胞聚集体分布的研究发现 ,流变压力使细胞聚集体分裂 ,使反应器中细胞生长受到影响 ,黄酮产量较摇瓶中降低     

曼地亚红豆杉细胞系的建立与评价

红豆杉(Taxus)细胞内紫杉醇的含量低且不稳定,限制了利用细胞培养大规模生产紫杉醇的产业化进程。以紫杉醇含量较高的曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus m edia)为试材,诱导得到了曼地亚红豆杉愈伤组织,在添加抗坏血酸(VC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、活性炭(activated carbon)的改良B5培养基上,15次反复继代培养后获得了高产紫杉醇的细胞系。对新建立的曼地亚红豆杉细胞系(MC)与同期诱导的东北红豆杉细胞系(NC)及实验室继代多年的中国红豆杉细胞系(SC)在细胞生长周期、紫杉醇含量和细胞死亡率等方面进行了分析比较。结果表明,SC的生长量达5.9倍,高于MC和NC的3.6和4.2倍。在初始接种量相近的情况下,MC的悬浮培养细胞在一个周期内紫杉醇产量可达9.5 mg/L,经过茉莉酸甲酯(M J)诱导后可达到41 mg/L。     

葡萄悬浮细胞长期培养过程中不同继代条件下花青素生产的不稳定性

为了深入研究植物细胞培养生产次生代谢产物不稳定性的机制,以葡萄细胞作为模式体系,研究悬浮培养过程中花青素合成的不稳定性。除了用常规的花青素总含量来表征花青素的生物合成之外,还采用HPLC测定花青素不同组分的含量。结果表明,在长期的继代培养过程中,不仅花青素的含量而且花青素的组成也表现出明显的不稳定性。首次采用了不稳定系数 (δ) 和因素得分 (Factor scores) 来表征植物细胞培养过程中次生代谢生产的不稳定性。培养条件对花青素生物合成的影响实验结果表明,继代周期和接种量均能诱发次生代谢的不稳定性表达,其中接种量的影响相对更大。在考察的 (6.5 d,2.00 g),(7 d,2.00 g),(7.5 d,2.00 g),(7 d,1.60 g) 和 (7 d,2.40 g) 五种不同的继代周期和接种量组合条件中,7 d继代周期和1.60 g接种量最有利于保持花青素的稳定生产。     

黄山药细胞培养初步研究

以黄山药叶片为外植体诱导愈伤组织,经多次继代培养筛选后进行细胞悬浮培养,研究了两种培养基对细胞生长动态的影响以及4种培养参数对细胞生长量的影响。结果表明,培养在含6-BA1 mg/L和2,4-D1 mg/L的MS液体培养基中的细胞生长效果较好,培养20 d左右可达最高生长点。较适宜的培养条件为:接种量0.8~1.0 g/100 mL;培养温度24℃~27℃;pH 5.2~5.8;蔗糖用量20~40 g/L;继代培养周期15~20 d。     

中国红豆杉悬浮培养细胞聚集体异质性的初步研究

通过梯度浓度的蔗糖溶液（0－1mol/L）的筛选,分拣出7种不同物理学密度的红豆杉细胞聚集体,并对它们进行了木质素含量及紫杉醇含量测定。结果显示：不同的细胞聚集体在物理学密度、木质素含量、紫杉醇含量、生长速度等方面存在着差异,其中密度最小的细胞聚集体木质素及紫杉醇含量分别是密度最大的细胞聚集体的5倍和8倍,并且在一定密度范围内（大于0.2mol／L蔗糖溶液密度）,细胞聚集体的木质素含量与紫杉醇的含量呈平行关系,表明不同聚集体紫杉醇含量一细胞分化有一定的关系,首次提出了红豆杉悬浮细胞聚集体培养中存在着异质现象,并对其可能机理及意义给予阐述。     

10升气升环流式生物反应器培养紫草细胞

本文采用自行设计研制的10升气升环流式生物反应器培养紫草细胞,培养周期34d．前14d为细胞生长培养,细胞生长呈正常的S型曲线,细胞增长到原细胞接人量的4倍．后20d为紫草色素生产培养,细胞增长到32倍。整个周期每升培养液可生产紫草色素0．6g,在反应器中,培养液pH值的变化与细胞生长呈正相关,与紫草色素的形成呈负相关,pH值变化规律可用于监测紫草细胞在生物反应器的生长和色素形成．     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.