扁蓄总黄酮提取方法的比较研究

目的:筛选扁蓄总黄酮的最佳提取方法和提取工艺.方法:以扁蓄总黄酮的提取率为指标,分别采用乙醇回流法、超声波法和微波法提取扁蓄总黄酮,通过正交试验对提取工艺中的温度、固液比、提取功率及时间等技术参数进行考察,使用分光光度法测定扁蓄总黄酮含量.结果:回流提取扁蓄总黄酮提取率为1.09%,超声波提取扁蓄总黄酮的最佳条件为温度80℃,固液比1:10,功率700 W,提取2次,每次20 min,提取率为1.67%,微波法提取扁蓄总黄酮的最佳条件为温度100℃,功率700 W,固液比1:20,提取2次,每次10min,提取率为1.98%.结论:微波提取法提取扁蓄总黄酮具有高效、省时、节能等优点,在中药提取中有良好的应用前景.     

红景天根中总黄酮和多糖的微波提取及含量分析

目的;从红景天中提取有效成分总黄酮,多糖,并测定其含量。方法：分光光度法,结果：测得红景天总黄酮含量4．62％,平均回收率为98．59％,RSD1．23（n=3),多糖含量9．12％,平均回收率为99．25％,RSD1．12％（n=3)。结论：运用微波技术辅助测定红景天中总黄酮和多糖的含量,反应速度加快,收率提高。     

不同生长期白羊草中总黄酮的含量测定

本文采用铝离子显色后测定光密度的方法测定了一年中不同生长月份的白羊草中总黄酮的含量,从５月—１０月含量分别为１．７０％、２．７７％、３．０６％、１．８０％、１．５７％、１．０５％。以７月份生长的白羊草中总黄酮的含量最高,为３．０６％。     

刺五加丁香苷和总黄酮含量及其季节动态

本文研究了刺五加（Acanthopanax senticosus）丁香苷和总黄酮含量的季节变化。结果表明,丁香苷主要存在于茎干系统,其中在枝中的含量最高,平均含量可达2．94％。从季节动态来看,刺五加地上部分枝和茎中丁香苷的含量呈明显的季节变化,即春秋季含量较高,夏季含量较低;地下部分根和根茎中丁香苷含量的季节变化不明显。刺五加全株均含有总黄酮,刺五加地上部分总黄酮的含量呈明显的季节变化,其叶片总黄酮在5月中下旬林分郁闭之前含量最高,平均含量可达3．8％;茎干中总黄酮春季较高,夏季降低,而到晚秋时含量最高,其中枝中总黄酮平均含量可达3．75％。地下部分总黄酮含量的季节变化不十分明显。本文对丁香苷和总黄酮季节变化的原因进行了分析。     

HZ-841吸附树脂精制银杏叶总黄酮

本文研究了用HZ-841吸附树脂精制银杏叶总黄酮的工艺。用10 BV 70％的乙醇分三次提取脱脂银杏叶粉中的银杏叶总黄酮,其收得率为4．8％,纯度为21．7％;用30BV纯净水、微波解冻提取30min,银杏叶总黄酮的收得率及纯度分别是2．63％和13．4％。HZ-841树脂对银杏叶总黄酮的动态吸附容量在pH=7．0时为0．265g／mL,树脂,动态吸附平衡时间为10min。酸度对HZ-841树脂吸附银杏叶总黄酮有显著影响,当pH=5．0时,其静态吸附量可达到0．322g／mL。吸附了银杏叶总黄酮的HZ-841树脂可用乙醇洗脱,当洗脱液pH=9．0、乙醇浓度为90％、洗脱流速3BV／h时,5BV洗脱液的收得率为1．8％。用无水乙醇洗脱的银杏叶总黄酮经过真空浓缩、干燥,获得的浅黄色粉末中银杏叶总黄酮含量为37．3％,产品收得率为2．41％。     

排石冲剂中总黄酮的含量测定

采用分光光度法测定排石冲剂中总黄酮的含量。本法简便、可靠。平均回收率为９９．５２％,ＲＳＤ为１．３７％。     

不同季节水杉叶总黄酮含量变化的研究

水杉含有丰富的黄酮成分。用超声提取法制备同一来源、不同季节水杉叶总黄酮样品,以芦丁作标准品,用分光光度法进行了含量测定。结果显示,含量范围为0．970～1．556％,其中以6月份样本的含量最高。初步揭示了水杉叶总黄酮含量随季节变化的规律。     

野生艾草黄酮的含量及抗氧化性研究

目的：测定艾草中总黄酮含量,并对其抗氧化性、羟自由基（-OH）的清除能力和过氧化值（POV）进行了研究。方法：有机溶剂提取法从野生艾草中提取黄酮,以芦丁为对照品测定艾草中总黄酮含量。采用邻苯三酚自氧化测定抗氧化性;用新鲜猪油测定过氧化值（POV）。结果：艾草中总黄酮含量高达5．5％,对O2^-抑制率为36．8％,黄酮浓度超过2mg／mL时对羟自由基（-OH）清除能力逐渐增强,0．50％黄酮的POV较强,仅次于0．05％的维生素C,说明艾草黄酮有较好的开发价值。     

银杏叶黄酮的乙醇提取方法研究

研究了银杏叶总黄酮含量的季节悸变化规律及利用乙醇提取银杏叶黄酮的方法,结果表明,根据银杏叶在一年生长间总黄酮含量确定银杏叶最佳采收时间为8－9月份,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定乙醇提取银杏叶总黄酮的最佳条件为：银可中粉碎至50－60目,以70％乙醇按照液固比6：1的比例,于80℃条件下提取2次,每次1h,银杏叶总黄酮提取率可达87．6％。     

肉苁蓉总黄酮含量的测定

目的：从肉苁蓉中提取并测定总黄酮含量,选择最佳提取工艺条件。方法：以芦丁为对照品,用分光光度法在最大吸收波长510nm对其含量进行测定。结果：测得样品中总黄酮含量C=9．33％,最佳提取工艺：乙醇浓度为70％、料液比1：40、回流时间2h、回流温度70℃。结论：选用芦丁为对照品应用于紫外分光光度法测定肉苁蓉总黄酮含量准确度较高,方法简单,是切实可行含量测定方法。     

山东新植物

本文报导了石竹属一新变种, 即山东石竹Diantus chinensis L.var.shandongensis J.X.Li et F.Q.zhou 及蓼属一新变型, 即直立篇蓄Polygonum aviculare L.forma erectum J.X.Li et Y.M.Zhang     

Antioxidant activity of extract from Polygonum aviculare L

Free radicals induce numerous diseases by lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation, and DNA damage. It has been reported that numerous plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. Whether Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae) has antioxidant activity is unknown. In this study, dried Polygonum aviculare L. was extracted by ethanol, and the extract was lyophilized. The antioxidant activities of extract powder were examined by free radical scavenging assays, superoxide radical scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation assays and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The results show that the IC50 value of Polygonum aviculare L. extract is 50 microg/ml in free radical scavenging assays, 0.8 microg/ml in superoxide radical scavenging assays, and 15 microg/ml in lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. Furthermore, Polygonum aviculare L. extract has DNA protective effect in hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid content of extract is 677.4 +/- 62.7 microg/g and 112.7 +/- 13 microg/g. The results indicate that Polygonum aviculare L. extract clearly has antioxidant effects.     

青藏高原萹蓄、车前叶绿体超微结构研究

对生长在青藏高原两个海拔高度的蓄和车前叶绿体进行超微观察表明。1.高海拔地区蓄的叶绿体发生变形,叶绿体的长度缩短、厚度增加,被膜模糊,而车前叶绿体的形态变化不大。2.高海拔地区的两种植物叶绿体的基粒片层和基质片层都呈现肿胀现象,尤以蓄为显著。3．高海拔地区的两种植物叶绿体中基粒片层的叠垛程度均比低海拔地区的高。以上特征是青藏高原特殊的高寒生态条件长期影响的结果。     

福建野生单叶蔓荆子总黄酮与蔓荆子黄素含量分析

对福建省不同地区野生单叶蔓荆子总黄酮和蔓荆子黄素含量进行测定,不同地区含量差异进行比较分析,确定福建野生单叶蔓荆子的质量水平,为进一步开发福建野生单叶蔓荆子提供基础研究数据。回流提取总黄酮,紫外分光光度法(UV法)测定总黄酮含量,高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)测定蔓荆子黄素含量。结果表明不同产地野生单叶蔓荆子总黄酮含量范围为7.081%～10.792%,平均含量9.040%;蔓荆子黄素含量范围为0.06170%～0.12578%,平均含量0.08878%。福建省不同地区野生单叶蔓荆子质量(以蔓荆子黄素含量为指标)均符合药典规定,可进一步开发利用。     

萹蓄的化学成分研究

从药用植物蓄 (Polygonumaviculare)全草的丙酮提取物中分离鉴定了 10个化合物 ,经波谱学鉴定为 :山奈酚 (kaempferol) (1) ,槲皮素 (quercetin) (2 ) ,胡桃宁 (juglanin) (3) ,黄芪甙 (astragalin) (4) ,蓄甙 (avicularin) (5 ) ,槲皮甙 (quercetrin) (6 ) ,杨梅树皮甙 (myricitrin) (7) ,desmanthin 1(8) ,loliolide(9)和丁香脂素 (syringaresinol) (10 )。其中 ,化合物 (8) ,(9) ,(10 )为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Three new species in the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from China

Three new species in Polygonum section Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from Xinjiang, China, are described and illustrated. Polygonum urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare L. in habit, but differs by having flowers densely clustered and spicate in the upper part of branches, stamens 5–6, and two types of achenes (the longer one densely and irregularly granulate on surface). Polygonum tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare in the flowers not forming a raceme in the upper part of branches, the stamens 8, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface, but differs by the leaf blades linear-lanceolate, the midvein and lateral veins conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the upper axils of branches. This species is also similar to P. patulum M. Bieb. in the erect stem, and the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the axils of the upper part of branches, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the leaves in the upper part of branches not becoming smaller gradually, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface. Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze in the erect stem, the 3–6 flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches, the stamens 8, and the slightly smooth achenes, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme. This species is also similar to P. tachengense in habit, but differs in the leaves borne in the upper part of branches becoming smaller gradually and the smooth, slightly shiny achenes. The pollen morphology, leaf epidermal characters and achene micromorphology of the three new species and their relatives were comparatively observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

中国蓼属春蓼组植物果实形态及果皮微形态的研究

应用解剖镜和扫描电镜对中国产蓼属春蓼组（Polygonum sect. Persicaria）19种3变种植物的果实形态和果皮微形态特征进行了观察和研究。结果表明,蓼属春蓼组植物的果实形态为卵形或椭圆状卵形,具三棱、双凹或双凸,顶端渐狭,有喙或无喙;果皮微形态可分为7种类型： 洼点、浅洼点,脑纹状纹饰,拟脑纹状纹饰,网状纹饰,不规则褶皱,不规则小疣状颗粒以及密浅网状纹饰。观察结果支持将绵毛酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth.）合并到酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L.）,做为酸模叶蓼的异名处理;支持将长鬃蓼（P. longisetum De Br.）作为丛枝蓼（P. posumbu Buch. Ham. ex D.Don）的变种处理的意见;认为密毛酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L. var. lanatum (Roxb.) Stew.）应恢复种级,圆基长鬃蓼（P. longisetum De Br. var. rotunatum A.J.Li）应升为种级;支持平武蓼（Polygonum pingwuense F. Z. Li et Y. T. Hou et S. J. Fan, sp. nov.）新种的成立。     

火炭母的一个新异名及其系统位置初探

该文将铺地火炭母(Polygonum chinense L. var. procumbens Z. E. Zhao et J. R. Zhao)处理为火炭母原变种(Persicaria chinensis var. chinensis)的异名,并讨论了火炭母在命名上的问题,及其系统学位置。     

Nomenclatural notes on Persicaria

The following names are lectotypified: Polygonum amphibium, P. foliosum, P. hydropiper, P. lapathifolium ssp. leptocladum, P. pallidum and P. persicaria, Polygonum persicaria var. incana is neotypified. Polygonum ruderale is a superfluous nomenclatural synonym of P. persicaria . The following new combinations are made: Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. pallida, P. lapathifolia var. incana and P. lapathifolia var. linicola . The nomenclature of H. B. Danser's early works is discussed.
Flora Nordica Notes no. 8.     

Pollination Ecology and Endemic Trends in Pedicularis bracteosa var. atrosanguinea Pennell & Thompson (Scrophulariaceae) in North America

Abstract Pedicularis bracteosa var. atrosanguinea occurs locally in association with P. racemosa or P. groenlandica in the Olympic Mountains in Washington. Other plant species, e.g., Polygonum bistortoides, Lupinus argenteus var. parviflorus and Valeriana sitchensis compete for space and bumblebee pollinators within the study area. Pollinator sharing, resulting from such competition, may increase the frequency of unvisited flowers of P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea. P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea , with blood purple nectariferous flowers, is presumed to lack intense reflections of blue spectral components from its corollas in attracting bumblebees compared to those of P. racemosa and P. groenlandica . Six species of bumblebees ( Bombus ) and cuckoo bees ( Psithyrus ) pollinate P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea . Of these, Bombus mixtus and B. occidentalis occur in higher frequencies and are the major pollinators of P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea . Queen and larger worker bumblebees pollinate nototribically as they probe for nectar, while smaller worker bumblebees pollinate sternotribically while scraping pollen from anthers deeply hidden in the dome-shaped galea. Corbicular pollen loads of bumblebees collected in the study area contain Pedicularis pollen alone/in combination of Polygonum, Valeriana, Lupinus, Erigeron and Bidens , or exclusively of Polygonum or Valeriana. P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea does not suffer seriously from deficient pollination but seedlings resulting from pollinated flowers may be subjected to natural selection pressure exerted by colonial plant species for space. P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea does not propagate asexually but resumes aerial growth seasonally from the self-same underground root stocks. If seedlings are under continuous selection pressure for lack of space, P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea is presumed to regenerate primarily by perennial root stocks. This behavior may favor endemism in P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea .