Archeterokrohnia casanova, 1986, a junior synonym ofHeterokrohnia Ritter-Záhony, 1911 (chaetognatha), with a review of the species ofHeterokrohnia

The characters which have been advanced to separateArcheterokrohnia Casanova, 1986, fromHeterokrohnia Ritter-Záhony, 1911, are discussed; they are considered to be insufficient to warrant the erection of a separate genus. A further argument against the separate status ofArcheterokrohnia is the greater similarity ofArcheterokrohnia rubra Casanova, 1986, toHeterokrohnia longicaudata Hagen & Kapp, 1986, than toA. palpifera Casanova, 1986. Various reasons are given for the retention ofH. longicaudata inHeterokrohnia and against its transfer toArcheterokrohnia. The 13 species recognized and assigned toHeterokrohnia are reviewed; all characters used are tabulated and all species figured. Member of the Taxonomy Group at the Biologische Anstalt Helgoland     

A review of the palaearctic species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hadrodactylus</Emphasis> Förster (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with a description of five new species

30 Palaearctic species of Hadrodactylus are considered. 2 species-group with 6 subgroups are distinguished. 5 new species from the Eastern Palaearctic Region are described: Hadrodactylus arkit sp. n. (Kyrgyzstan), H. caucasicus sp. n. (Caucasus), H. nitidus sp. n., H. sibiricus sp. n., and H. taigensis sp. n. (Eastern Siberia and Far East of Russia). A new combination and a new synonymy Xenoschesis incarnator Aubert, 1985 (recte Hadrodactylus, comb. n.) = Hadrodactylus fugax almator Aubert, 1996, syn. n. are established. An annotated list of species is given with data on the distribution in Russia and adjacent territories. A key to 30 Palaearctic species is given.     

Microsatellite markers for two species of dampwood termites in the genus Zootermopsis (Isoptera: Termopsidae)

Dampwood termites in the genus Zootermopsis inhabit forested areas in western North America. To better understand the colony composition and breeding structure of Zootermopsis, we identified polymorphic microsatellite loci to use in population analysis. Microsatellite loci were isolated from Zootermopsis nevadensis nevadensis (Hagen); however, all primers amplified homologous loci in Zootermopsis angusticollis (Hagen) and Zootermopsis nevadensis nuttingi (Hagen). Twelve loci were polymorphic in one or more of the above subspecies and species. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to six, with some allelic differences among subspecies and species. We are currently utilizing the microsatellite markers to investigate the population genetics of Zootermopsis.     

A phylogeny of Pacific fiddler crabs of the subgenus Minuca (Crustacea,Brachyura, Ocypodidae: Uca) with the description of a new species from a tropical gulf in Pacific Costa Rica

The phylogeny of all Pacific fiddler crab representatives of the subgenus Minuca Bott, 1954 (sensu Beinlich and von Hagen, 2006) is reconstructed. For the molecular analysis, Cox1 mitochondrial and 28S ribosomal nuclear DNA sequences were used. According to these data, same transisthmian sister species relationships are confirmed and a new species of the genus Uca Leach, 1814, Uca osa sp. n., is described from Golfo Dulce, a tropical gulf in Pacific Costa Rica. Morphological as well as molecular data confirm distinctness of this species compared with all other members of the subgenus Minuca, to which it belongs. Distinctive morphological traits are presented to distinguish Uca osa sp. n. from its congeners in the Eastern Pacific.     

Description of new taxa of Halenia Borkh. (Gentianaceae) from Colombia and Venezuela with significance for testing a key innovation hypothesis

As a result of an ongoing complete taxonomic revision of Halenia (Gentianaceae), the new taxa Halenia perijana K.B. Hagen and H. major subsp. meridensis K.B. Hagen are described from Colombia and Venezuela, respectively. Flower morphology suggests that both taxa belong to the Halenia viridis group. H. perijana is vegetatively well separated from its probable closest relatives, and the only member of Halenia from a small and rather isolated mountain range. The new subspecies meridensis has small remnants of nectary spurs, and probably links the unspurred viridis group to its prominently spurred Central American sister group. Previous molecular clock approaches showed that the viridis group arrived in South America approximately at the same time as the weddelliana group, the distantly related second major South American group, which contains species with prominent spurs. Based on the new extensive knowledge of all species, the distribution patterns of both groups in Colombia and Venezuela are compared. The existence of marked differences—weddelliana group species grow in sympatry more often than species of the viridis group—is consistent with a key innovation effect of the presence/absence of nectary spurs, i.e., the reduction of pollinator overlap mediated by the presence of nectary spurs may allow sympatric speciation or remigration after a shorter phase of allopatric differentiation. However, this new evidence is relatively weak due to lack of statistical support and several other unresolved problems.     

Arvernella microclada Hugonnot & Hedenäs (Amblystegiaceae), a new minute species from France,requiring a separate genus

Abstract

Arvernella microclada Hugonnot & Hedenäs is described from several localities in the Massif Central of France (Auvergne). This diminutive, autoicous, pleurocarpous moss has strongly prorate distal ends of the leaf lamina cells and straight and erect inner perichaetial leaves. It bears a superficial resemblance to small Heterocladium Bruch & Schimp. species, especially H. flaccidum (Schimp.) A.J.E.Sm. or weak phenotypes of H. wulfsbergii I.Hagen. Other small confervoid species, like Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) H.A.Crum or Serpoleskea confervoides (Brid.) Loeske differ in several respects, most notably in the absence of abaxial leaf lamina cell prorations, but also in rhizoid topography (Platydictya) and leaf orientation and leaf margin denticulation (Serpoleskea). Arvernella microclada grows in subalpine tall-herb communities and Fagus sylvatica L. mountain woods on small lava blocks on cold, unstable, and steep scree slopes. The restricted known geographical distribution may be of conservation concern.     

Preliminary notes on the genus Aeschnosoma Selys 1870 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Corduliidae s. str.)

Three new species of the genus Aeschnosoma are briefly described and illustrated. A. pseudoforcipula n. sp. and A. heliophila n. sp., both from the Brazilian Central Plateau are respectively related to the two Amazonian species A. forcipula Hagen in Selys 1871, and A. auripennis Geijskes 1970. A. louissiriusi n. sp. from Northern Brazil is not closely related to any known species. Based on larval and adult derived characters, the genus Aeschnosoma appears closely related to the Australian genus Pentathemis Karsch 1890, and also to the Madagascan genus Libellulosoma Martin 1907. The clade Aeschnosomata nov. is erected to receive the three genera. Some putative plesiomorphies would place this clade sister group of the remaining Corduliidae s.str.     

The lichen genus Heterodermia (Physciaceae) in South America – a contribution including five new species

Thirty‐three species of the lichen genus Heterodermia in South America, mainly from Ecuador and Peru, are defined. Morphology, anatomy, chemistry, habitat, distribution and interrelation between the species are discussed. A key to the treated species is presented. Five species are described as new; Heterodermia andina, H. arvidssonii, H. badia, H. fertilis and H. parva. One new combination is proposed; H. spinigera. Two species are reported as new to South America, H. spathulifera and H subcitrina, and H. palpebrata is reported as new to USA.     

Taxonomy, host specificity and dietary implications of Hurleytrematoides (Digenea: Monorchiidae) from chaetodontid fishes on the Great Barrier Reef

Five new and five previously described species of Hurleytrematoides are reported from 19 of 34 chaetodontid species examined from the Great Barrier Reef; new species are H. faliexae n. sp., H. galzini n. sp., H. loi n. sp., H. morandi n. sp., and H. sasali n. sp. Previously described species are H. coronatum, H. fijiensis, H. prevoti, H. bartolii, and H. zebrasomae. The genus is rediagnosed in the light of morphological variation of the new species; the degree of spination and shape of the terminal genitalia distinguish individual species. Species of Hurleytrematoides infect almost every clade of the family Chaetodontidae found on the Great Barrier Reef, but obligate corallivores are not infected. All ten species were found at Heron Island on the southern Great Barrier Reef, but only six at Lizard Island on the northern Great Barrier Reef. For three of the four species not present at Lizard Island, the absence appears to be statistically significant. Although all species are apparently restricted to chaetodontids on the GBR, specificity within the family varies from oioxenous to euryxenous; a core/satellite host paradigm explains the distribution of several species.     

Body temperature regulation is associated with climatic and geographical variables but not wing pigmentation in two rubyspot damselflies (Odonata: Calopterygidae)

It has been proposed that wing pigmented spots function in temperature control in male calopterygids. Using two rubyspot species Hetaerina americana Fabricius and Hetaerina vulnerata Hagen in Selys, the present study investigated whether (i) wing spot size and colour‐modified aspect can predict temperature gain after a cooling event; (ii) wing spot size is related to the temperature needed to fly and how long it takes to initiate flight; and (iii) wing spot size is related to seasonality and altitude. The results obtained do not support any of these relationships. The results also indicate that H. vulnerata can achieve flight at 8 °C less than H. americana. The present study further investigates whether the species differ in their latitudinal and geographical distribution, and respond differently to bioclimatic variables. The results obtained provide support for this particular hypothesis, showing that H. vulnerata inhabits higher altitudes, and is able to tolerate colder environments compared with H. americana. Wing spots in the two Hetaerina species do not help in thermoregulation, although both species show different temperature control abilities. This difference in thermoregulatory ability may enable the species to colonize different environments and reduce interspecific competition.     

Some new species of Haplotaxidae (Oligochaeta) from Guinea and remarks on the history of the family

Three new species of Haplotaxidae collected by Dr. A. Villiers in a cave near Kindia, Guinea, are described. One species belongs to the genus Metataxis Righi, 1985 (M. carnivorus sp. nov.) which is distributed in Western Africa and Eastern America. Another new species is similar to Lycodrilus kraepelini Michaelsen, 1914 incertae sedis: a new genus Villiersia is proposed for both species (V. guanivora sp. nov., V. kraepelini nov. comb.).A third species, of which only immature specimens are available, is tentatively attributed to the genus Haplotaxis: it is remarkable because of its peculiar setae and commissural vessels (H. villiersi sp. nov.).The three species appear to feed on bat guano and, occasionally, on aquatic arthropods. Metataxis, Tiguassu and Villiersia belong to the section of Haplotaxidae endowed with paired sperm sacs and ovisacs.The relations of Haplotaxidae with other families are discussed and it is suggested that the passage from the haplotaxid condition to that of sparganophilids and more advanced lumbriciforms is connected to a change of reproductive strategy and to an enhanced metabolism.     

New species of hansteinia (acantaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador

New species of Hansteinia (Acanthacene) from Columbia and Equador, Brittonia 37: 203-208. 1985. – Two new species and a new variety, Hansteinia jamesonaii from Pichincha, Equador and H. Magdalensis and H. magdalenensis var. pilosa from the Sierra Nevada de Sta. Marta, are described, illustrated, and compared with H. charitopes their closest relative.     

Taxonomic notes on the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Korea with descriptions of six new species

Six new species of the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Epyrinae) from Korea are described: H. brevicarinatus sp. nov., H. crinitus sp. nov., H. dimidiatus sp. nov., H. longicephalus sp. nov., H. mucro sp. nov. and H. multo sp. nov. They are described with illustrations of male genitalia and the biometric measurement data. A key to the Korean species of Holepyris based on males is provided.     

Mortality in reared hydropsychid pupae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)

Cases containing pupae of Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) were collected from sampling-stations along the length of the Credit and Humber Rivers, Ont., and reared at 18°C. Mortality was high; about 33% of the cases produced adults. Up to 24% of collected cases had been infested with chironomid larvae. Within a station, emergence success and mortality due to chironomid infestation were about the same for the species of Hydropsyche Pictet present; Cheumatopsyche Wallengren suffered less chironomid-related mortality than Hydropsyche. There were significant between-station differences in chironomid-related mortality for H. sparna Ross, H. bronta Ross, H. morosa Hagen, and H. slossonae Banks. Chironomid-related mortality was lowest for pupae from upper Credit R. stations, highest for pupae collected from a lower Credit R. station. Pupae from all Humber R. stations suffered about the same amount of chironomid-related mortality. Chironomid infestation was significantly higher for prepupae than for pupae.     

Two new species of Heterokrohnia (Chaetognatha) from Antarctic waters

Summary Two new species of the genus Heterokrohnia, H. longidentata and H. fragilis, are described and compared with the other three known Heterokrohnia species, H. mirabilis Ritter-Záhony 1911; H. bathybia Marumo and Kitou 1966 and H. involucrum Dawson 1968. The species have been found at great depths (1,000 m–2,000 m) near Elephant Island, north of the Antarctic Peninsula.     

STUDIES IN SOME FOLIOSE RED ALGAE OF THE PACIFIC COAST. I. CRYPTONEMIACEXE1

Pacific coast species of the red algae Halymenia and Cryptonemia are described Of the 8 previously reported species of Halymenia 3 (H. abyssicola Dawson, H. megaspore Dawson, H refugiensis Dawson) hive been placed in synonymy with other species. Halymenia hollenbergii from southern California is described as new; H cocinea is transferred from Schizymenia (and includes Aeodes gardneri Kylin) and H. templetonii is a transfer from Weeksia. Five species of Cryptonemia are described; one of them, C. taylorii from the Revillagigedo Archipelago, as new. Wider distribution ranges are given for the remaining species, C. ovalifolia, C. obovata, C. bore alis and C. angustata. Keys to genera of the west coast Cryptonemiaceae and to the species of Halymenia and Crypronemia are provided.     

Revision for the swordtail cricket genus Homoeoxipha (Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae) from China

Species of Homoeoxipha are very small and always live on leaves of shrubs and grasses. This genus contains ten species worldwide and is distributed across five zoological regions, from Africa to New Guinea. Homoeoxipha lycoides is the type species of this genus and possesses the characteristic coloration for the genus. These coloration features resulted in some synonyms and disputes over species, because most Homoeoxipha species are ornamented with a similar coloration pattern. We compared and documented the differences between H. lycoides and its relatives in China. A new important character, the epiphallic transversal suture, is used to distinguish them. Based on this work, all of the Chinese species, H. lycoides, H. obliterata and H. nigripes, and one new species, H. eurylobus, with similar coloration to H. lycoides, are described and illustrated.     

Hoya hanhiae sp. nov. (Apocynaceae,Asclepiadoideae) from central Vietnam

A new species, Hoya hanhiae V. T. Pham et Aver. discovered in central Vietnam is described, illustrated and compared with the related species H. macrophylla Bl. and H. verticillata (Vahl) G. Don.