Weitere Untersuchungen zu Komplementarit?t und Nicht-Autonomie Deraugenfarb-MutantenMA-L undMA-LBZ vonDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Data found byGlassman (1959, 1960) in compound females of the genotypev bz/v f B x ma-l (wherebz stands forma-l ^bz ) showed complementation between these alleles in both eye color and activity of the enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase, the latter however being incomplete. These results have been reexamined and extended, using compounds of purebz andma-l stocks as well as various heterozygotes between these stocks and the mutantrosy. Complementation in the red eye pigments (drosopterines), though incomplete in newly emerged compound femalesma-l/bz andbz/ma-l becomes firmly established in older flies, where the red pigments reach the amount present in wildtype eyes. Isoxanthopterin however, as well as enzyme activity do not exceed approximately 10% of the level typical for wildtype. These features of slow and incomplete complementation are very probably due to the interaction ofma-l andbz; they do not occur in a series of other related heterozygotes.Transplantation experiments revealed non-autonomy of bothma-l andbz with regard to the formation of drosopterines in the eyes and isoxanthopterin in the testes.The results are discussed with respect to the allelsm of the two mutants.

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Ausgeführt mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Herrn Prof. Dr.E. Hadorn danke ich herzlich für die Förderung dieser Arbeit, herrn Prof. Dr.U. Leupold für kritische Diskussion.     

Befruchtungsregulierung und ihre Wirkung bei der Züchtung von Senf (Sinapis alba)

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der beschriebenen Fingernagelprobe wurde bei Senf die Samenanlagezahl pro Fruchtknoten im Knospenstadium bestimmt und durch die Befruchtungsregulierung eine wesentliche Erhöhung der Kornzahl pro Schote erreicht. Durch Einschaltung einer Winteraussaat im Gewächshaus zur Bestimmung des Erbwertes der Elitepflanzen und Stämme wurde eine einjährige Restsaatgutmethode für Senf entwickelt.

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Summary In the Institute for Plant Breeding at Gross-Lüsewitz, Germany, a method, described as Fingernagelprobe is developed which makes possible to determine the hereditary value of each plant in the bud state, and to regulate the fertilisation ofSinapis alba.Using this method the author significantly increased the number of seeds of each pod.An improved annual Ohio-method fit forSinapis alba is described.

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Herrn Prof.R. von Sengbusch zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Zur Frage der Membranochromie bei Sphagnen

Zusammenfassung Es ist gelungen, zwei bisher sehr schwer zugängliche Wandfarbstoffe aus S. mag. und S. rub. chromatographisch rein darzustellen. Auf Grund des papierchromatographischen Verhaltens, der Reaktionen auf Sprühreagentien und der Lage der Absorptionsmaxima ergibt sich, daß die Verbindungen nicht mit einem bekannten Anthocyan identifizierbar sind, so daß man besser zunächst bei den Wandfarbstoffen der Torfmoose mit der Bezeichnung Wandanthocyan sehr vorsichtig sein sollte. Die Verbindungen sind wahrscheinlich Aglyca. Ihre weitere Analyse ist im Gange.

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About the problem of membrane pigments in SphagnaII. Characterizing the chromatographically pure prepared Kardinalpigments

Summary There are many Sphagna which show a remarkable variation in colour within a vegetation period.The red colour is caused by wall pigments which were believed till now to be anthocyanins (Paul 1908; Herzfelder 1921; Goodman u. Paton 1954; Paton u. Goodman 1955; Rothe 1963). The pigmentation is due to metabolic disturbances and the conditions of reddening are already analyzed under definite conditions (Rudolph 1965).There are great difficulties in extraction of the pigments. We have described a method by which the pigments can be extracted from fresh sphagnun material (see also Rudolph 1963a). The pigments are separated by column chromatography and at first we have tried to characterize the violett-red Kardinalpigment of Sphagnum magellanicum (A₂ mag) and Sphagnum rubellum (A₂ rub) by Rfvalues, spray-reagents and the absorption spectra; therefore always chromatographically pure pigments are used.The pigments are different from known anthocyanins and seem to be aglyca.

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Zur formalen Genetik des Duffy-Systems

The formal genetics of the Duffy-polymorphism was examined, using reagents Anti-Fy(a) and Anti-Fy(b). Our family series comprises 247 unselected families from the southwestern part of Germany with 459 children; extramarital children are excluded from this investigation. The results agree with the hypothesis 3 alleles Fy^a, Fy^b, Fy at an autosomal locus.

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Direktor: Prof. Dr. Dr. H. Baitsoh

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Zur Sauerstoffabh?ngigkeit der Rate strahleninduzierter Chromosomenaberrationen in Oozyten vonDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Abrahamson's (1959) results concerning the influence of oxygen on the frequency of X-ray induced structural changes (half-translocations) inDrosophila oocytes were generally reproduced, especially the demonstration of a reverse oxygen effect (under special experimental conditions protecting action of oxygen, sensitization by nitrogen). In the course of our investigations the following new findings were obtained: 1. The added aberration frequencies of the 3rd and 4th day after the various treatments generally tend to decrease as compared with those of the first two days (dependence on state of maturity of the treated oocytes). 2.Preirradiation treatment by nitrogen increases the aberration frequency significantly. Possible explanations of this effect are discussed.

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Isolation and characterization of streptomycin-resistant mutants in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia

Summary Streptomycin-resistant colonies were isolated from protoplast cultures of haploid Nicotiana plumbaginifolia based on their ability to green in medium containing 1 mg/ml streptomycin sulfate. The frequency of resistant colonies was 0.9×10^–5 in nonmutagenized culture, and increased ten-fold following treatment of culture with 10 g/ml N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Of a total of 52 resistant clones isolated, 2 gave rise to haploid, 15 to diploid, and 3 to tetraploid plants upon transfer of calli to differentiation medium. Leaf-segment and protoplast assays showed that all diploid regenerates were resistant to streptomycin but sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, lincomycin, neomycin, and spectinomycin. Plants in most diploid clones were fertile and able to set seeds when self-fertilized and crossed reciprocally to wild-type plants. Inheritance of streptomycin resistance was studied in the diploid clones and, without exception, the resistance was transmitted maternally. Comparative studies of the ultrastructure of organelles and protein synthesis in isolated chloroplasts between wild-type and resistant clones in the presence of streptomycin suggest that streptomycin resistance is controlled by chloroplasts.     

Zur Phototaxis von Mougeotia (Mesocarpus)

Summary Mosebach undertook a quantitative study of the light intensity which changes the positive phototaxis of theMougeotia chloroplast into a negative one (this intensity is the so-called, Umschlagspunkt = UP). The UP has no definite value but depends upon the pre-treatment of the plant. The UP is lowered by pre-darkening and is raised by a few hours or even less of pre-illumination.This light effect is a double one: a) the UP depends on the concentration of CO₂ in the medium, which of course is influenced by the ratio of respiration and photosynthesis, and b) in running-water experiments there still exists an influence of the pre-illumination on the UP, which must therefore be a direct light effect and which, it is suggested, is an adaptation.The CO₂-sensitivity of the UP is not an unspecific p_H effect and cannot be duplicated by citric, oxalic or hydrochloric acid. Only acetic acid has a similar effect.The cases in which the chloroplast is found to be oblique to the light beam are discussed from a new point of view.This summary is only a very short review by the editor; for further information compare the German summary by the author, page 41.

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Mit einem Nachwort vonW. Haupt

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Vor seinem letzten Abschied legte mir mein Mann die Manuskripte zweier Arbeiten in die Hand mit der Bitte, wenn nötig, statt seiner für ihre Veröffentlichung zu sorgen. Die erste Arbeit (Über die Polarisierung derEquisetum-Spore durch das Licht, Planta33, 1943) war so gut wie druckfertig. Die zweite, hier vorliegende Arbeit war vonGeorg Mosebach in dieser Fassung noch nicht für die Veröffentlichung bestimmt; trotzdem ist sie nun doch in der ursprünglichen Form erschienen — abgesehen von wenigen oder unbedeutenden Änderungen, die Herr ProfessorBuder und Herr ProfessorRuhland, Leipzig, die Güte hatten vorzunehmen. Herrn Professor Dr.J. Buder und Herrn Professor Dr.W. Ruhland spreche ich auch an dieser Stelle meinen Dank aus für alle selbstlose Hilfe, die mir bei meiner Aufgabe zuteil wurde.Erna Mosebach, 1944.