Antibody to Viruses Affecting Cattle in Commercial Tissue Culture Grade Fetal Calf Serum

Commercial fetal calf serum (FCS) for tissue culture use was tested for neutralizing activity against several viruses which affect cattle. Certain lots of FCS contained no neutralizing activity, whereas other lots contained neutralizing activity to several viruses. It was concluded that the neutralizing activity found in certain lots of sera was due to specific antibody and that its presence could be most easily explained by the contamination of the FCS with serum from postcolostral bovine serum. A nonantibody inhibitor to vesicular stomatitis virus was also found at low levels in most lots of serum. Because those sera which had antibody had antibody to several viruses, it was suggested that the use of the micro-serum neutralization test with a few bovine viruses which are widespread in the bovine population should be satisfactory to detect FCS which was contaminated with postcolostral bovine serum.     

A Comparison of Serum Concentrations of Penicillin After Intramuscular Injection and Subcutaneous and Deep Injection into the Dewlap in Cattle

Using an aqueous solution of sodium benzyl penicillin as the model substance, a comparison was made in cattle between absorption after intramuscular injection, and after subcutaneous and deep injection into the dewlap. The duration of supposed therapeutically effective serum concentrations using the 2 dewlap routes was longer than for the intramuscular route, although maximum concentrations were lower. The applicability of injection into the dewlap, especially the subcutaneous route, is discussed in relation to intramuscular injection.     

青霉素G酰化酶调节基因的定位

为了定位青霉素G酰化酶的调节基因,从质粒Ppa6克隆了一系列青霉索G酰化酶基因(pac)的片段,将这些重组质粒转化E.coli D816,测定克隆片段对pac表达的影响。如果克隆片段含有完整的调节基因(pacR)。诱导剂不能使由高拷贝pacR表达的阻抑物失活,部分阻抑物结合pac操纵基困,阻碍RNA聚合酶对加pac的转录,因此pac的表达量降低。发酵结果表明,阻抑物可能是由pac结构基因内部的ORFⅡ编码的蛋白因子。     

Specificity of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa in Cattle and Sheep*

SYNOPSIS. Six protozoa-free sheep, 3 fed alfalfa hay and 3 fed a concentrate diet, were inoculated with rumen contents from a steer fed the same alfalfa hay. All 24 species of protozoa in the inoculum became established in the sheep fed alfalfa hay, while only 9 species established in the sheep fed concentrate. Percentage species composition in the alfalfa-fed sheep was fairly similar to that of the inoculum. Rumen volumes of the alfalfa hay-fed sheep were significantly higher than those of the concentrate-fed sheep; however, fluid turnover rates were similar. Total protozoan numbers per ml of rumen contents were significantly higher in the concentrate-fed sheep, but after adjustment for rumen volume, there was no significant difference in the total number of protozoa in the rumen.     

色谱反应分离器中青霉素G的水解特性

6-氨基青霉烷酸(6-APA)是半合成青霉素的关键中间体,通常采用固定床反应器在青霉素酰化酶作用下水解青霉素来制备^[1]。由于该反应是典型的产物抑制可逆反应,工业生产中需不断加碱中和苯乙酸,以维持反应在最适pH条件下进行。为进一步提高青霉素的水解速率,除了维持最适反应条件外．消除产物抑制具有重要作用。近年来一些研究者提出采用伴有分离作用的反应分离组合系统水解青霉素 制取6-APA。Ishimura等^[2]采用电渗析膜耦合式生物反应器连续移除苯乙酸．将反应速率提高了近1倍;陈坚等^[3]研究了固定化酶-离子交换组合系统移除苯乙酸过程。本文报道青霉素在生化反应与液相谱分离过程相耦合而形成的色谱反应分离器中的水解特性。     

重组青霉素G酰化酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达条件优化

 为获得巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素 G酰化酶 (PGA)的高产菌株和条件 ,构建了分泌表达 PGA的基因工程枯草杆菌菌株 ,对表达条件进行了优化 .以 LB作为初始培养基 ,考察了温度、苯乙酸、装液量、碳源对于工程菌 PGA产量的影响 .实验发现重组细胞产酶不再需要变温和苯乙酸诱导 .充足的通气量和适当浓度的淀粉可使细胞密度及 PGA表达量大为提高 .表达条件优化后 ,菌体 A60 0由 3提高到 2 0 ,PGA的表达量由 3～ 6U/ml提高到 35～ 40 U/ml,为目前生产用巨大芽孢杆菌表达量的 6倍 .     

Vitamin E Status of Healthy Swedish Cattle*

Using high pressure liquid chromatography the serum concentration of vitamin E was measured in dairy cows fed either hay or silage as their main roughage, in calves fed milk-replacer, and in young intensively fed bulls. The concentrates fed to the cows, calves and bulls were supplemented with 5–10, 25 and 5–10 mg DL-α-tocopheryl acetate per kg, respectively, and the milk-replacer for the calves was supplemented with 50 mg DL-α-tooopheryl acetate per kg powder. Cows fed silage as their main roughage had higher serum vitamin E concentrations ( $${\rm{\bar x}}$$ : 3.8–5.2 mg/l) than cows fed only hay ( $${\rm{\bar x}}$$ : 2.5–4.1 mg/1). Lactating cows had higher vitamin E concentrations than dry cows ( $${\rm{\bar x}}$$ : 4.1–5.2 and 2.5–3.8 mg/l, respectively) and calves and bulls had much lower vitamin E concentrations ( $${\rm{\bar x}}$$ : 1.4 and 1.2 mg/l, respectively) than cows. Thirty per cent of the calves and 41 % of the bulls had serum vitamin E concentrations less than 1.0 mg/l, suggesting that in these animals the conventional level of supplementation of feeds with DL-α-tocopheryl acetate in Sweden is probably inadequate for the prevention of nutritional muscular degeneration and other negative effects.     

青霉素酰化酶及其突变体的pH依赖性催化反应

运用动力学方法对巨大芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusmegaterium)来源的重组青霉素G酰化酶及其突变体的 pH依赖性催化反应机制进行了研究 ,从logVm和log(Vm/Km)与 pH关系曲线计算得到野生型青霉素G酰化酶参与催化反应的离子化基团的 pK1和 pK2 分别为 5 .5 0～ 5 .87和 10 .73。研究结果表明 ,两种突变体的 pK1和 pK2 值与野生型很接近 ,突变体A和B的pK1分别为 5 .6 4～ 5 .86和 5 .6 9～ 6 .96 ,pK2 分别为 10 .6 1和 10 .4 8。与此同时还考察了不同反应温度时野生型青霉素G酰化酶的 pK1和pK2 值 ,从 pK1和 pK2 与温度的关系曲线计算可得离子化基团的解离热焓ΔH分别为 4 4 .38～ 5 9.0 3kJ/mol和 14 7.37kJ/mol。根据上述实验结果 ,推测两个参与催化反应的离子化基团可能是位于活性中心附近的组氨酸和赖氨酸。