The Quantitative Determination of Fibrinogen in Normal Bovine Plasma and in Cows with Inflammatory Conditions

The quantitative determination of fibrinogen in normal plasma and in cows with inflammatory conditions. A rapid method for the quantitative determination of fibrinogen in bovine plasma is described. The method was employed in the determination of normal values in a material consisting of 100 cows and 50 calves and young animals of various ages. The mean value of the groups of cows was approximately 0.550 g/100 ml. For young animals it was somewhat lower and for cows in the last month of gestation moderately higher than in the other groups. The last part of the experiment involves the determination of the fibrinogen and γ-globulin levels in the plasma of 28 hospitalized cows with various inflammatory conditions. Group A in the material contained animals which were clinically cured and Group B animals that died or were killed. Both groups showed a considerable increase in the fibrinogen level. In Group A the mean value fell back to approximately the normal range while in Group B it remained constantly elevated. The sedimentation rate, SR, in human blood is primarily influenced by the fibrinogen content of the plasma. The SR in bovine blood is very low, and the test is therefore of little significance in diagnostic work. In conclusion, the possibility of using the fibrinogen determination in cattle for the same purpose as the SR in human blood is discussed.     

火箭电泳法测定伤寒Vi多糖菌苗多糖含量

伤寒沙门氏菌Ｖｉ抗原系ａ─１,４─Ｎ─乙酰─半乳糖醛酸高度聚合体,其Ｃ２和Ｃ３位分别被Ｎ─乙酰基和０─乙酰基取代,它不能用分光光度法测定其含量,实验表明火箭电泳的火箭峰高与其样品中多糖含量的对数成直线相关关系,作者采用火箭电泳方法对全国六个生物制品研究所的１８批伤寒Ｖｉ多糖菌苗中Ｖｉ多糖含量进行了测定,结果表明多数制品符合规程要求,但部分制品多糖含量偏高,值得引起注意,各所三批制品差别不大,表明各所的生产工艺相对稳定,利用火箭电泳测定伤寒Ｖｉ多糖,操作简单,用时较短,所需样品极少,是目前较为合适的测定伤寒Ｖｉ多糖菌苗多糖含量的方法。     

Analysis of Vaginal Microbicide Film Hydration Kinetics by Quantitative Imaging Refractometry

We have developed a quantitative imaging refractometry technique, based on holographic phase microscopy, as a tool for investigating microscopic structural changes in water-soluble polymeric materials. Here we apply the approach to analyze the structural degradation of vaginal topical microbicide films due to water uptake. We implemented transmission imaging of 1-mm diameter film samples loaded into a flow chamber with a 1.5×2 mm field of view. After water was flooded into the chamber, interference images were captured and analyzed to obtain high resolution maps of the local refractive index and subsequently the volume fraction and mass density of film material at each spatial location. Here, we compare the hydration dynamics of a panel of films with varying thicknesses and polymer compositions, demonstrating that quantitative imaging refractometry can be an effective tool for evaluating and characterizing the performance of candidate microbicide film designs for anti-HIV drug delivery.     

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis of the Entomocidal Parasporal Crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki

Rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to quantitate the soluble parasporal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The method described is rapid, reliable, specific, and extremely accurate, and it can be used to measure crystal toxin in commercial microbial insecticides that contain a mixture of spores, vegetative cells, and carrier materials.     

用火箭电泳法检测人用狂犬病疫苗半成品抗原含量初探

用火箭电泳法（ＲＩＥ）检测了５批ａＧ株地鼠肾细胞人用狂犬病疫苗半成品（未加吸附剂）的抗原含量。结果表明,ＲＩＥ法快速、简便、准确。峰高与浓度的线性相关系数ｒ〉０．９９５０,待检疫苗与标准品的剂量反应曲线高度一致,试验的灵敏度为０．１５ＩＵ／ｍｌ,重复性好,５次结果的变异系统ＣＶ％≤５．７４％。因此,ＲＩＥ法有可能作为检测狂犬病疫苗半成品抗原含量的适宜方法     

Loss of Nitrous Oxide Reductase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultured under N2O as Determined by Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis

The mass ratio of nitrous oxide reductase to total protein in the soluble protein fraction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa P2 was highest in cells grown on nitrate, decreased in cells grown on N₂O following the exhaustion of the initial charge of nitrate, and was nearly zero in cells exposed solely to N₂O.     

LC-MS/MS定量测定人体血浆中氨氯地平浓度

目的:建立定量测定人体血浆中氨氯地平浓度的HPLC-MS/MS的方法.方法:以克林霉素为内标,采用Shim-pack VP-ODS柱(150× 2.0 mm I.D.,5μm,日本Shimadzu Technologies Inc.公司)为固定相;乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(90∶10,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min;通过电喷雾离子源(ESI),以正离子多反应监测模式进行检测.氨氯地平与内标用于检测的离子对分别为m/z409.3 m/z 238.2和rn/z 425.2 m/z 126.3.结果:氨氯地平在0.10～20.00 ng/mL范围内与峰面积比值线性范围良好(r=0.9968),定量下限为0.10 ng/mL,日内日间精密度的RSD均小于7％,平均回收率大于86％.结论:所建方法准确度较高,灵敏度好,专属性强且操作简便,可适用于氨氯地平的血药浓度测定和临床药代动力学研究.     

LC-MS/MS定量测定人体血浆中阿托伐他汀浓度

目的:建立定量测定人体血浆中阿托伐他汀浓度的HPLC-MS/MS的方法.方法:以吲哚美辛为内标,采用Shim-packVP-ODS柱(150× 2.0 mm I.D.,5μm,日本Shimadzu Technologies Inc.公司)为固定相;乙腈-0.5％甲酸溶液(90:10,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.3 ml/min;通过电喷雾离子源(ESI),以正离子多反应监测模式进行检测.阿托伐他汀与内标用于检测的离子对分别为m/z 559.4 m/z 250.3和m/z 358.3 rn/z 139.2.结果:阿托伐他汀在0.10～20.00 ng/ml范围内与峰面积比值线性范围良好(r=0.9962),定量下限为0.10 ng/ml,日内日间精密度的RSD均小于12％,平均回收率大于71％.结论:所建方法准确度高,方法灵敏,专属性强且操作简便,可适用于阿托伐他汀的血药浓度测定和临床药代动力学研究.     

甲种胎儿球蛋白(AFP)定性定量酶联免疫试盒剂的研制

甲胎蛋白是一种癌胚相关蛋白,它在胎儿血清中含量每毫升数毫克之多,在正常人血清中低于25μg/ml,在原发性肝细胞癌者血清中甲胎蛋白的阳性率和滴度都很高,所以血清中甲胎蛋白的检测是诊断肝癌的特异指标。本方法采用双抗体夹心法原理,可定性及定量检测血清和血浆标本中甲胎蛋白含量,并配制AFP系列标准,为原发性肝癌的早期诊断及普查具有重要的临床意义。     

Age Determination of Bovine Foetuses

The need for methods for age determination of foetuses is defined. X-ray examination of the foetal head is recommended as the surest basis for age determination. Calculations are made concerning the correlation between cranial length and foetal age, and the methods used for measurements are described in detail. Measurements of the metacarpus and metatarsus may also be used, but they give a poorer correlation. A formula is worked out for age determination based on cranial measurements. On x-ray photographs, tooth development is seen to occur in an obvious sequence. This is described. However, the interpretation of these observations is subjective and requires control material for comparison. The same is true for the sequence of ossification of the skeleton, which in foetuses < 120 days gives the surest basis for evaluation. Here, too, a wide range of control material for comparison is necessary. The sequence in the appearance of body hair — development and eruption — is noted, as far as the head is concerned. This alone gives an insecure basis for evaluation. By using the 4 systems of parameters mentioned, the age of a foetus can be determined within an error of ± 4—5 days.     

Diagnosis of Meningococcal Arthritis by Immunoelectrophoresis of Synovial Fluid

In a case of meningococcal arthritis, the organism was identified promptly through examination of synovial fluid by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis.     

Outstanding Characteristics of Thrombokinase Isolated from Bovine Plasma

Thrombokinase has been isolated from bovine plasma by a procedure which begins with the highly purified product of a previously described method, chromatographs it on DEAE-cellulose, and then fractionates it by continuous flow electrophoresis, yielding 0.2 mg per liter of oxalated plasma. The electrophoretic fraction has shown a single boundary in the ultracentrifuge; and its esterase activity on toluenesulfonylarginine methyl ester has been about the same as that of thrombokinase previously isolated by repeated electrophoretic fractionations. Thrombokinase is a euglobulin with minimum solubility near pH 5.0. It is most stable within the pH range 7.5 to 9.5; but there is also a peak in the stability curve near pH 1.8. A few micrograms of thrombokinase per milliliter can activate prothrombin in the presence of EDTA. A few thousandths of a microgram causes rapid production of thrombin in the system: prothrombin, thrombokinase, calcium chloride, phosphatide, "accelerator." But, thrombokinase has less than 1/175 the proteolytic activity of crystallized trypsin.     

气相色谱法测定紫杉醇注射液中乙醇的含量

目的:建立紫杉醇注射液中乙醇含量的测试方法。方法:采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)、以水为溶剂,采用DB-WAX聚乙二醇毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25um),载气为高纯氦,分流比79:1,柱温:80℃,检测器温度220℃,气化室温度220℃。结果:乙醇在1.03ug/ml-20.58ug/ml的范围内呈良好的线性关系,(r=0.9997),回收率为99.50%(RSD=0.56%),最低检测限为1.0ug/ml。结论:该方法简便、快速,满足于质量控制要求。