南京部分地区女性宫颈HPV感染状况与分析

目的:探讨南京部分地区女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的型别和年龄特征,为宫颈癌的防治提供参考资料.方法:采用人乳头状瘤病毒的基因扩增技术(HPV PCR)对2010年9月至2011年7月3382例就诊于南京妇幼保健院宫颈疾病科的女性进行HPV基因亚型检测,21种型别包括15种高危型和6种低危型,分析比较上述样品的感染程度、感染型别、感染年龄等.结果:HPV总阳性率为33.47％(1132/3382),21种型别均被检出,该地区女性阳性率最高的型别是HPV16,其他常见为58、52、CP8304、53、18、33等,多重感染率为9.58％.该地区女性HPV阳性率与各年龄组无显著差异(P＞0.1).结论:该地区女性HPV阳性率为33.47％,常见型别为HPV16、58、52、CP8304、53、18、33、68、31、39、11、6和66型;人群感染存在在＜20岁和＞70岁两个高峰.     

Rabbit Genital Tissue Is Susceptible to Infection by Rabbit Oral Papillomavirus: an Animal Model for a Genital Tissue-Targeting Papillomavirus

Rabbit oral papillomavirus (ROPV) is a mucosatropic papillomavirus which naturally infects oral mucosal sites of domestic rabbits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rabbit genital mucosa is also susceptible to ROPV infection by using the athymic mouse xenograft system and adult immunocompetent rabbits. Subrenal xenografts of ROPV-infected rabbit vulvar and penile sheath tissues were strongly positive for ROPV infection by histologic, in situ hybridization, and Southern analyses. Direct inoculation of adult rabbit penises with infectious ROPV produced small raised lesions of approximately 1 by 1 by 1 mm that were ROPV positive by both in situ hybridization and Southern analyses and were also viral capsid antigen positive by immunohistological staining. Infection of rabbit genital tissues with ROPV may be a useful animal model for the study of genital tissue-targeting papillomaviruses.     

High Burden of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection among Young Women in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Objectives

HPV infection causes cervical cancer, yet information on prevalence and risk factors for HPV in Africa remain sparse. This study describes the prevalence of HPV genotypes and risk factors associated with HPV among young women ≤ 30 years of age in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa.

Methods

Cervicovaginal lavage samples were tested for HPV genotypes in 224 women enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Clinical, behavioural and demographic data were collected. We measured prevalence of HPV genotypes and using logistic regression, examined for factors associated with HPV.

Results

Median age of participants was 21 years [interquartile range (IQR):18–23]. The overall prevalence of HPV was 76.3% (171/224) with multiple and single genotypes prevalent in 56.3% and 20.1% of women respectively. Proportion of women with high-risk genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56 and 58) was 54.5%. Women not living with their partner [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)] = 3.42 95% CI1.22–9.60; p = 0.019), was significantly associated with HPV infection and high-risk HPV genotype infection.

Conclusion

The high burden of HPV and associated risk behaviours highlight the need to intensify behavioural interventions to prevent HPV acquisition in young women. The large scale delivery of HPV vaccine should be prioritised to prevent HPV acquisition and reduce HPV-related morbidity.     

High-Risk Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infections among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Women in the Bahamas

Background

High-risk (HR) HPV genotypes other than 16 and 18 have been detected in a significant proportion of immunocompromised females. We aim to evaluate the frequency of HR HPV genotypes in a population of HIV-positive Caribbean women.

Methods

One hundred sixty-seven consecutive, non-pregnant, HIV-positive females ≥18 years were recruited in this study. Each participant received a vaginal examination, PAP smear, and completed a questionnaire. DNA was extracted for HPV testing in 86 patients.

Results

Mean age was 39.1 years for women positive for HR HPV and 43.1 years for women negative for HR HPV (P value  = 0.040). 78% (130/167) of the women had HR HPV infections; the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology was 38% among women who were HR HPV-positive compared to women who were HR HPV-negative (22%). Fifty-one percent of the 86 women with available genotype carried infections with HPV 16 and/or HPV 18; genotypes of unknown risk were also frequently observed. Women who had a CD4+ count of ≤200 had 7 times increased odds of carrying HR HPV infection in comparison to women with CD4+>200.

Conclusions

HR HPV infections in HIV infected females may consist of more than just HPV 16 and 18, but also HPV 52 and 58. Further studies are needed to determine whether HPV 52 and 58 play a significant role in the development of cervical cytological abnormalities in HIV+ women.     

Patterns and Predictors of Smokeless Tobacco Use among Adults in Bangladesh: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Bangladesh Survey

Background

Although smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is prevalent in South Asian countries including Bangladesh, information about the pattern and correlates of SLT use is scarce. This study described the pattern and predictors of SLT use among Bangladeshi adults.

Methods

The data for this study were derived from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Bangladesh (ITC BD) Survey, a prospective cohort survey of a nationally representative sample of smokers and non-smokers, conducted during November 2011 and May 2012. The study included 5522 adults aged 15 or above. We used multiple logistic regression models to identify predictors of SLT use.

Results

Of the respondents (N = 5522), 20% were SLT users. In general, SLT use was significantly higher among women, the illiterate and residents of the Dhaka slums or non-tribal/non-border areas outside Dhaka; SLT use increased with age. Several attitudinal factors were also associated with SLT use. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed several predictors of SLT use: being female (OR = 1.96, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.18–3.24), an increasing age, being a resident of a Dhaka slum (OR = 5.86; 95% CI: 3.73–9.21) or non-tribal/non-border areas outside Dhaka (OR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.94–6.03), being illiterate (OR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.99–5.71), holding positive opinion towards societal approval of SLT use (OR = 5.84; 95% CI: 3.38–10.09), holding positive opinion towards SLT use by women (OR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.53–4.54), believing that SLT is addictive (OR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.51–5.81), and believing SLT is less harmful than bidi (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.36–3.62).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that coordinated efforts of governmental and non-governmental organizations, targeting both smoked tobacco and SLT use reduction and cessation, could be modified to reach each level of population including those who are marginalized, female, less educated and elderly. As most tobacco control programs in Bangladesh target mainly cigarette or bidi smoking, coordinated programs are needed that will also include SLT use within the tobacco control policy and prevention strategies.     

宫颈癌患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)主要型别及其感染研究

本文探讨了江西省和广东省宫颈癌患者人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)感染及其型别分布,分析了高危型HPV对各种宫颈病变的感染情况,为宫颈癌的早期发现和临床诊治提供科学依据。首先采用细胞学、HPV DNA检测(第二代杂交捕获法,HC2)、电子阴道镜和宫颈化学着色方法筛查宫颈癌患者,经病理镜检确诊,然后用GP PCR-SBT法对宫颈癌患者进行HPV基因分型。江西省溪口镇、古市镇及修水县城宫颈癌癌前病变发生率为5．7‰。HC2方法发现宫颈癌患者13种高危型HPV DNA阳性率为89．9％,宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的为84．8％,对照组为24．5％。采用GP PCR-SBT方法进行基因分型发现,江西省宫颈癌患者存在HPV16、58、31、33、18、66、6、11、56和81十种型别,其中HPV81型在国内外鲜有报道。据此提出生殖道高危型HPV感染是妇女宫颈癌发病的重要因素。并发现江西省宫颈癌高发区妇女高危型HPV感染率为24．5％。建立了HPV基因分型的方法,对HPV致宫颈病变的分子机制进行了分析。     

Human Papillomavirus Infection in a Male Population Attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection Service

Objective

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men may produce cancer and other major disorders. Men play an important role in the transmission of the virus and act as a reservoir. The aim of this study was to determine the HPV-genotypes and their prevalence in a group of men attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection service.

Patients and Samples

Between July 2002 and June 2011, 1392 balanopreputial, 435 urethral, 123 anal, and 67 condyloma lesions from 1551 men with a mean age of 35.8±11.3 years old (range: 17–87) were collected for HPV-DNA testing.

Methods

A fragment of the L1-gene and a fragment of the E6/E7-genes were amplified by PCR. Positive samples were typed by hybridization.

Results

The HPV genome was detected in 36.9% (486/1318) balanopreputial and in 24.9% (101/405) urethral (p<0.0001) swabs from 38.1% (538) of 1469 men. Co-infections were present in 5.4% (80/1469) of cases. HPV was found in 43.9% (373/850) of men younger than 35 vs. 31.7% (187/589) of men aged >35. HPV was found in 59.4% (104) of 165 men with lesions (macroscopic or positive peniscopy), and in 22.8% (61/267) without clinical alterations. HPV was also detected in 71.4% (40/56) men with condylomata and in 58.7% (64/109) of men with positive peniscopy.

Conclusions

HPV prevalence in men was high and decreased with age. HPV was found more frequently in balanopreputial than in urethral swabs. There was a low rate of co-infections. Low-risk HPV vaccine genotypes were the most recurrent especially in younger. Although HPV has been associated with clinical alterations, it was also found in men without any clinical presentation. Inclusion of men in the national HPV vaccination program may reduce their burden of HPV-related disease and reduce transmission of the virus to non-vaccinated women.     

Role of Heparan Sulfate in Attachment to and Infection of the Murine Female Genital Tract by Human Papillomavirus

The host factors required for in vivo infection have not been investigated for any papillomavirus. Using a recently developed murine cervicovaginal challenge model, we evaluated the importance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the murine female genital tract. We examined HPV type 16 (HPV16) as well as HPV31 and HPV5, for which some evidence suggests that they may differ from HPV16 in their utilization of HSPGs as their primary attachment factor in vitro. Luciferase-expressing pseudovirus of all three types infected the mouse genital tract, although HPV5, which normally infects nongenital epidermis, was less efficient. Heparinase III treatment of the genital tract significantly inhibited infection of all three types by greater than 90% and clearly inhibited virion attachment to the basement membrane and cell surfaces, establishing that HSPGs are the primary attachment factors for these three viruses in vivo. However, the pseudoviruses differed in their responses to treatment with various forms of heparin, a soluble analog of heparan sulfate. HPV16 and HPV31 infections were effectively inhibited by a highly sulfated form of heparin, but HPV5 was not, although it bound the compound. In contrast, a N-desulfated and N-acylated variant preferentially inhibited HPV5. Inhibition of infection paralleled the relative ability of the variants to inhibit basement membrane and cell surface binding. We speculate that cutaneous HPVs, such as HPV5, and genital mucosal HPVs, such as HPV16 and -31, may have evolved to recognize different forms of HSPGs to enable them to preferentially infect keratinocytes at different anatomical sites.Papillomaviruses (PVs) are icosahedral DNA viruses that have evolved into numerous genotypes that productively infect diverse vertebrates in a species-specific manner. These viruses also display strict tissue specificity, productively infecting only epithelial cells in the skin and mucosa. These features have inhibited viral propagation in vitro and retarded the development of in vivo models for infection. The human PVs (HPVs) belonging to the alpha genus preferentially infect the genital mucosa, and a subset of this genus include the types (e.g., HPV16, -18, -31, -33, and -45) that are the causative agents of cervical carcinoma. HPV types belonging to the beta genus generally cause asymptomatic skin infections, but certain beta types (e.g., HPV5 and -8) are associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in individuals with the rare genetic disorder epidermodysplasia verruciformis.As with other viruses, virion attachment to the host cell is required for successful PV infection. In vitro studies have implicated cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (HSPGs) as the primary attachment factors for most HPV types (13, 15). HSPGs are composed of a core protein with covalently attached repeating disaccharide units known as glycosaminoglycans. Posttranslational modification of the glycosaminoglycans by acetylation and sulfation leads to substantial heterogeneity that varies across cell type and growth conditions (20, 23). HSPGs are nearly ubiquitously expressed on mammalian cell surfaces, where they are involved in diverse biological processes, including organogenesis, growth factor and cytokine binding, and wound healing. They are also integral components of the basement membrane (BM), the specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds most tissues. In this locale, their putative functions include regulation of BM permeability, binding of growth factors, and a role in cellular adhesion (reviewed in reference 10).HSPGs can also help mediate infection by acting as receptors/coreceptors for some bacterial and viral pathogens (reviewed in reference 12). It is well established that HPV16 utilizes attachment to HSPGs for efficient infection in vitro. However, in vitro studies investigating other HPV types, such as HPV31 and HPV5, have described possible differences. Infection with HPV31 has been reported to be HSPG independent in keratinocyte lines such as HaCaT, although not in other, more transformed lines (17). Also, heparin, which shares the same disaccharide units with HS but is more homogeneous and has a higher level of sulfation, did not inhibit HPV5 infection at doses that efficiently blocked HPV16 infection in vitro (3).In addition to binding cell surfaces, PVs also bind strongly to the ECM deposited by epithelial cells in vitro and onto the BM in vivo (5, 9, 18). Laminin 5 appears to be the primary molecule mediating in vitro ECM binding (6). However, interaction with an HS moiety on the ECM may be critical for transfer of infectious virions to the cell surface (21). PV cell surface binding in vitro may arise independently of ECM binding; however, the kinetics of in vivo infection suggest that virion binding to the BM may be essential. It is therefore possible that this aspect of in vivo infection could differ from what has been seen in vitro.It is unclear if HSPGs play any role in PV infection in vivo, as the cellular factors and processes involved in PV infection of epithelial tissues in vivo have not been examined previously. There is a clear precedent of in vitro HSPG dependence for infection of cell lines that does not reflect an in vivo function. For instance, HSPGs facilitate human immunodeficiency virus infection of certain permissive lymphoid cell lines in vitro, yet they play no role in the infection of primary blood lymphocytes (14).In this study, we utilized our recently developed murine cervicovaginal challenge model (18), which is useful to examine establishment of HPV infection in vivo, to investigate the HSPG dependency of HPV infection, examining both binding and infection of HPV16 pseudovirions in the presence of agents that either compete for HS binding or remove HS from cell surfaces. Because of the published data suggesting possible differences from HPV16 in HSPG dependency for in vitro infection, we also evaluated HPV5 and HPV31 pseudovirions.     

男性人乳头瘤病毒感染研究进展*

人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染是全球最常见的性传播性疾病(STD)之一,与生殖系统肿瘤和生殖器疣密切相关。HPV感染与女性生殖健康之间的病因学关系已经有了较多的研究,近年来越来越多的学者开始关注男性HPV感染。本文就男性HPV感染与男性生殖健康的研究进展进行综述。     

常州地区妇女HPV感染状况调查

目的：研究骶州地区普通妇女人群中HPV感染状况,为宫颈癌的预防及治疗提供理论依据。方法：采用PCR与基因芯片技术,对常州地区参加J妇科体检的744名妇女进行HPV分型检查,并对不同分型感染情况进行统计学分析。结果：744名妇女中共检出HPV阳性者157例,感染率为21．10％。在高危型HPV感染妇女中,共计83．64％的妇女感染了以下六种亚型,依次是16型46例,58型28例,33型24例,18型18例,31型11例以及52型11例。结论：鉴于高危型HPV与宫颈癌发生的密切关系,对普通妇女人群展开HPV检测具有预防与治疗意义。     

Association between Human Papillomavirus and Human T-Lymphotropic Virus in Indigenous Women from the Peruvian Amazon

Background

No association between the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), an oncogenic virus that alters host immunity, and the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has previously been reported. Examining the association between these two viruses may permit the identification of a population at increased risk for developing cervical cancer.

Methods and Findings

Between July 2010 and February 2011, we conducted a cross-sectional study among indigenous Amazonian Peruvian women from the Shipibo-Konibo ethnic group, a group with endemic HTLV infection. We recruited women between 15 and 39 years of age who were living in the cities of Lima and Ucayali. Our objectives were to determine the association between HTLV and: (i) HPV infection of any type, and (ii) high-risk HPV type infection. Sexually active Shipibo-Konibo women were screened for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections. All HTLV-1 or -2 positive women, along with two community-matched HTLV negative sexually active Shipibo-Konibo controls were later tested for the presence of HPV DNA, conventional cytology, and HIV. We screened 1,253 Shipibo-Konibo women, observing a prevalence of 5.9% (n = 74) for HTLV-1 and 3.8% (n = 47) for HTLV-2 infections. We enrolled 62 (60.8%) HTLV-1 positive women, 40 (39.2%) HTLV-2 positive women, and 205 community-matched HTLV negative controls. HTLV-1 infection was strongly associated with HPV infection of any type (43.6% vs. 29.3%; Prevalence Ratio (PR): 2.10, 95% CI: 1.53–2.87), and with high-risk HPV infection (32.3% vs. 22.4%; PR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.04–3.59). HTLV-2 was not significantly associated with either of these HPV infections.

Conclusions

HTLV-1 infection was associated with HPV infection of any type and with high-risk HPV infection. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the incidence of high-risk HPV infection as well as the incidence of cervical neoplasia among HTLV-1 positive women.     

Human Papillomavirus Infection and Fertility Alteration: A Systematic Review

BackgroundHPV is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection and its effect in cancer induction is well documented. HPV infections are mostly asymptomatic, but it is unclear whether HPV infections can result in alterations of reproductive health.ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between human papillomavirus infections and reproductive health in both men and women.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect data bases from January 1994 through August 2014.ResultsHPV infections are shown to be significantly associated to many adverse effects in the reproductive function. These adverse effects were reported in different levels from cells production to pregnancy and may be related to the infecting genotype.ConclusionsIt appears from this study that HPV detection and genotyping could be of great value in infertility diagnosis at least in idiopathic infertility cases. Like for the risk of carcinogenesis, another classification of HPV regarding the risk of fertility alteration may be considered after deep investigations.     

新疆维族妇女感染的HPV型别分布的研究

目的:探讨人乳头瘤状病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)在新疆南部维族妇女人群中的型别分布情况.方法:以年龄在30-59岁的新疆伽师县夏普吐勒乡维吾尔族妇女人群为基础进行筛查,签署知情同意书后,采集受试者宫颈脱落细胞,利用PCR和基因芯片技术检测HPVDNA并分型.结果:共2473名妇女入选.HPV总的感染率为9.1%,高危型中HPV-16的感染率最高为6.9%,其他高危型的感染率从高到低依次为HPV-59、HPV-56、HPV-18、HPV-33、HPV-58、HPV-51、HPV-31、HPV-45、HPV-52、HPV-68、HPV-35和HPV-39.低危型中HPV11感染率最高,其他低危型的感染率从高到低依次为HPV-42、HPV-43、HPV-6、HPV-53、HPV-66和HPV-73.HPV-44、HPV-83、HPV-MM4没检测到.多重感染率为34.2%.结论:新疆维吾尔族妇女人群中以HPV16感染为主,其次为HPV59、56、18、33等.HPV59可能是新疆维吾尔族妇女较易感染的类型.体现了新疆维吾尔族妇女感染HPV的特殊性.     

Human Papillomavirus Infection in HIV-1 Infected Women in Catalonia (Spain): Implications for Prevention of Cervical Cancer

Background

High-risk human Papillomavirus infection is a necessary factor for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer. In HIV-1-infected women, HPV infection is more prevalent and a higher risk of cervical cancer has been identified. We aimed to calculate the prevalence of infection by HR-HPV, determine the factors associated with this infection and abnormal cytology findings and to describe the history of cervical cancer screening in HIV-1-infected women.

Methods

We enrolled 479 HIV-1–infected women from the PISCIS cohort. Each patient underwent a gynecological check-up, PAP smear, HPV AND Hybrid capture, HPV genotyping, and colposcopy and biopsy, if necessary. We applied questionnaires to obtain information on sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and cervical screening variables. We present a cross-sectional analysis.

Results

Median age was 42 years. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 33.2% and that of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) was 3.8%. The most common genotypes were 16(23%), 53(20.3%), and 52(16.2%). The factor associated with HR-HPV infection was age <30 years (odds ratio[OR],2.5; 95%confidence interval[CI],1.1–5.6). The factors associated with the presence of HSIL or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) were CD4T-lymphocyte count <200cells/mm³ versus >500cells/mm³ (OR,8.4; 95%CI,3.7–19.2), HIV-1 viral load >10,000copies/mL versus <400copies/mL (OR,2.1; 95%CI,1.0–4.4), and use of oral contraceptives (OR,2.0; 95%CI,1.0–3.9). Sixty percent of HIV-1–infected women had had one Pap smear within the last 2 years.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of HPV infection and cervical lesions in the HIV-1–infected population in Catalonia, as well as the low coverage and frequency of screening in this group, means that better preventive efforts are necessary and should include vaccination against HPV, better accessibility to screening programs, training of health care professionals, and specific health education for HIV-1–infected women.     

应用树状DNA杂交(DDH)对生殖道尖锐湿疣中HPV DNA的分型检测

从手术切除的50例生殖道尖锐湿疣新鲜标本中,以及15例正常人血清中,提取基因组DNA,同时用树状DNA杂交(dendrimer DNA hybridizalion,DDH)技术和PCR进行HPV DNA的分型检测.结果50例尖锐湿疣中,以DDH方法检测,感染HPV6型者20例,感染11型者24例,6/11型混合感染者3例,阴性3例,总检测率达94%;以PCR方法检测,HPV6型感染者21例,11型感染者24例,6/11型混合感染者3例,阴性2例,总检测率为96%.15例正常人血清中,以DDH方法检测,HPV感染的假阳性率为0%;以PCR检测,假阳性率为6.67%.还以HPV阳性标本对DDH方法做了敏感度的测定,结果阳性病例DNA检测最低浓度为97.28pg/ml.研究表明,DDH技术具有较高敏感性和高特异性,且成本较低,操作安全简便,可适用于基层中小医院较大样本量筛查.     

Prevalence of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection and Risk Factors among HIV-positive Patients in Tokyo,Japan

Background

Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly multiple HPV types, is recognized as a necessary cause of anal cancer. However, a limited number of studies have reported the prevalence of anal HPV infection in Asia. We determined the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors for anal HPV infection in Japanese HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual men, and women.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 421 HIV-positive patients. At enrollment, we collected data on smoking, alcohol, co-morbidities, drugs, CD4 cell counts, HIV RNA levels, highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) duration, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and serological screening (syphilis, hepatitis B virus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Entamoeba histolytica). Anal swabs were collected for oncogenic HPV genotyping.

Results

Oncogenic HPV rate was 75.9% in MSM, 20.6% in heterosexual men, and 19.2% in women. HPV 16/18 types were detected in 34.9% of MSM, 17.7% of heterosexual men, and 11.5% of women. Multiple oncogenic HPV (≥2 oncogenic types) rate was 54.6% in MSM, 8.8% in heterosexual men, and 0% in women. In univariate analysis, younger age, male sex, MSM, CD4 <100, HIV viral load >50,000, no administration of HAART, and having ≥2 sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were significantly associated with oncogenic HPV infection, whereas higher smoking index and corticosteroid use were marginally associated with oncogenic HPV infection. In multivariate analysis, younger age (OR, 0.98 [0.96–0.99]), MSM (OR, 5.85 [2.33–14.71]), CD4 <100 (OR, 2.24 [1.00–5.01]), and having ≥2 STIs (OR, 2.81 [1.72–4.61]) were independently associated with oncogenic HPV infection. These 4 variables were also significant risk factors for multiple oncogenic HPV infection.

Conclusions

Among Japanese HIV-infected patients, approximately two-thirds of MSM, one-fifth of heterosexual men, and one-fifth of women have anal oncogenic HPV infection. Younger age, MSM, ≥2 STIs, and immunosuppression confer a higher risk of infection with oncogenic HPV and multiple oncogenic types.     

北京市铁路地区部分女性生殖道支原体感染状况的调查

本文报告了1990年5月对北京市92名性乱者女性和129名健康妇女进行解脲和人型支原体分离培养结果。前者的检出率为71.74％,后者为19.57％,两者同时检出为18.48％,而健康妇女其检出率则分别为43.41％、5.43％和4.65％。说明性乱妇女支原体感染率以显著高于健康妇女。提示北京地区存在支原体性病,这对进一步掌握我国性病病谱提供了新的资料。