The Effect of Atrophic Rhinitis on Growth Rate

Growth rate in pigs with turbinate atrophy was compared to growth rate in pigs without turbinate atrophy in 9 herds with atrophic rhinitis (AR) in which toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida had been isolated. Average reduction in growth rate in pigs with severe turbinate atrophy was 4.7 % as compared to pigs without turbinate atrophy. The difference was statistically significant only in some herds. Pigs with moderate AR gained on average 1.1 % less than unaffected ones. Thus, the study supports the assumption that AR is of economic significance in modern pig farming.     

中鼻甲手术治疗鼻窦炎的临床疗效

为了研究中鼻甲手术处理对治疗患者鼻窦炎的临床疗效,本研究选取2013年3月至2018年3月在我院进行鼻内镜手术的患者400例,根据术中对中鼻甲处理情况分为观察组和对照组,每组200例,观察组行中鼻甲成形术,对照组行中鼻甲切除术;观察2组患者治疗一年后的疗效、Lund-Kennedy评分、主观症状VAS评分、嗅觉变化及并发症。研究显示,观察组的治疗有效率(90.50%)与对照组(88.50%)无显著差异(p=0.514)。两组患者治疗1年后的Lund-Kennedy总评分均显著降低,并且观察组的Lund-Kennedy总评分显著低于对照组(2.24 vs.2.75,p<0.05)。对于Lund-Kennedy评分的各个单项评分,治疗后观察组的息肉、瘢痕和结痂显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。治疗1年后观察组的鼻塞评分显著低于对照组(2.22 vs.3.43,p<0.05),而两组的脓涕评分差异无统计学意义(2.25 vs.2.76,p>0.05)。治疗1年后,两组嗅觉功能评分均显著降低,但两组评分之间差异无统计学意义(1.78 vs.1.81,p>0.05)。两组患者的并发症发生率无统计学差异(p>0.05)。本研究表明,中鼻甲是否切除不影响患者的治疗效果和嗅觉功能,然而,与中鼻甲切除术相比,中鼻甲成形术后患者具有较少的息肉、瘢痕、结痂、鼻腔干燥现象,并且可显著改善鼻塞主观症状。     

Effect of Anaerobiosis on Rice Seedlings: Growth, Metabolic Rate, and Fate of Fermentation Products

When 3 d old aerobic rice seedlings are subjected to 48 h ofanaerobiosis a strong alcoholic fermentation system is inducedwhich operates at a constant rate during the treatment. Ethanol accumulates in seedling tissues during the first hoursof anaerobiosis to reach a limit value which is maintained thereafter.Of the total ethanol production during the anaerobic treatment,only 2% is accounted for by ethanol stored in tissues, the remaining98% is found in the growth medium. Concomitant effects of anaerobiosis on seedling growth, consumptionof endosperm reserves, and variations in the level of activityof alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and soluble proteins are reported.     

纳米硒对山羊生长、血清抗氧化酶、生长激素和胰岛素的影响

研究纳米硒对山羊生长性能、山羊抗氧化能力、生长激素和胰岛素的影响。选择体重相近、体格健壮的太行青山羊公羊90只,随机分为9组,分别喂以基础日粮和添加不同水平(0.03 mg/kg DM,0.05 mg/kg DM,0.1 mg/kg DM,0.3 mg/kg DM,0.5 mg/kg DM,1 mg/kg DM,3 mg/kg DM和5 mg/kg DM)纳米硒的饲料,实验期95 d。结果表明:日粮添加纳米硒显著提高山羊的生长性能(P<0.05)、血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性(P<0.05),当添加水平在0.3 mg/kg DM~1 mg/kg DM时,血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性保持高峰平台;日粮添加纳米硒显著降低血清谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活性和丙二醛含量(P<0.05),并在添加水平为0.3 mg/kg DM~1 mg/kg DM时保持低谷状态;日粮添加纳米硒显著提高全血硒、生长激素和胰岛素的浓度(P<0.05)。结论:日粮添加0.3 mg/kg DM~1 mg/kg DM,增强了山羊机体抗氧化功能,促进了生长激素和胰岛素的分泌,从而促进山羊的生长。     

Vaccination Strategies against Highly Pathogenic Arenaviruses: The Next Steps toward Clinical Trials

Vaccination is one of the most valuable weapons against infectious diseases and has led to a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity. However, for most viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses, no prophylactic vaccine is available. This is particularly problematic as these diseases are notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat. Lassa fever is globally the most important of the fevers caused by arenaviruses, potentially affecting millions of people living in endemic areas, particularly in Nigeria. Annually, an estimated 300,000 humans are infected and several thousands succumb to the disease. The successful development of the vaccine “Candid#1” against Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, proved that an effective arenavirus vaccine can be developed. Although several promising studies toward the development of a Lassa fever vaccine have been published, no vaccine candidate has been tested in human volunteers or patients. This review summarizes the immunology and other aspects of existing experimental arenavirus vaccine studies, discusses the reasons for the lack of a vaccine, and proposes a plan for overcoming the final hurdles toward clinical trials.     

Changes in the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Precede Motor Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Multiple System Atrophy: Clinical Implications

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal rapidly progressive α-synucleinopathy, characterized by α-synuclein accumulation in oligodendrocytes. It is accepted that the pathological α-synuclein accumulation in the brain of MSA patients plays a leading role in the disease process, but little is known about the events in the early stages of the disease. In this study we aimed to define potential roles of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in the early pre-motor stages of the disease, i.e., downstream of α-synuclein accumulation in oligodendroglia, as assessed in a transgenic mouse model of MSA. We investigated the expression patterns of miRNAs and their mRNA targets in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum, two brain regions that undergo neurodegeneration at a later stage in the MSA model, by microarray and RNA-seq analysis, respectively. Analysis was performed at a time point when α-synuclein accumulation was already present in oligodendrocytes at neuropathological examination, but no neuronal loss nor deficits of motor function had yet occurred. Our data provide a first evidence for the leading role of gene dysregulation associated with deficits in immune and inflammatory responses in the very early, non-symptomatic disease stages of MSA. While dysfunctional homeostasis and oxidative stress were prominent in SN in the early stages of MSA, in striatum differential gene expression in the non-symptomatic phase was linked to oligodendroglial dysfunction, disturbed protein handling, lipid metabolism, transmembrane transport and altered cell death control, respectively. A large number of putative miRNA-mRNAs interaction partners were identified in relation to the control of these processes in the MSA model. Our results support the role of early changes in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in the pathogenesis of MSA preceding the clinical onset of the disease. The findings thus contribute to understanding the disease process and are likely to pave the way towards identifying disease biomarkers for early diagnosis of MSA.     

For Debate...: A Neurological Note on Vaccination against Influenza

Vaccination against influenza may be complicated by a neurological illness. Two case histories are presented together with a summary of seven others.     

Effect of Growth Rate and Starvation-Survival on Cellular DNA, RNA, and Protein of a Psychrophilic Marine Bacterium

DNA, RNA, and protein concentrations from starved ANT-300 cell populations grown at different growth rates fluctuated corresponding to the three stages of starvation-survival on total and viable cell bases. During stage 1 of starvation-survival, two to three peaks in the concentration levels for all three macromolecules were characteristic. During stage 2, DNA per total cell dropped to between 4.2 and 8.3% of the original amount for all of the cell populations examined, and it stabilized throughout stage 3. The decrease in DNA per cell was also observed in electron micrographs of cellular DNA in unstarved compared with starved cells. The fluctuations of RNA and protein per total cell concentrations observed during stage 2 coincided in all cases, except for the cells from dilution rate (D) = 0.015 h⁻¹. This ANT-300 cell population showed a decrease in RNA per total cell to only 29.2% and an increase in protein to 129.7% of the original amount after 98 days of starvation. During stage 3, DNA, RNA, and protein concentrations per total cell also stabilized to continuous levels. Cells from the faster-growth-rate cell populations of D = 0.170 h⁻¹ and batch culture had elevated protein per total cell concentrations, which remained primarily residual during the starvation period. Starved cells from D = 0.015 h⁻¹ had estimated nucleoid and cell volumes of 0.018 and 0.05 μm³, respectively, yielding a nucleoid volume/cell volume ratio of 0.40. We consider these data to indicate that slow-growth-rate cells are better adapted for starvation-survival than their faster-growth-rate counterparts.     

单色光对小麦草生长速率的影响研究

通过LED光照实验,探究不同光质和光周期对小麦草生长速率的影响。采用大功率红、蓝LED灯,红光峰值波长为655 nm,蓝光峰值波长为438 nm。实验采用控制变量法,以光质和光周期为变量,其余生长环境保持一致。结果表明:红光照射下生长速率要明显优于蓝光,甚至超过室内日光。在红蓝复合光中,红光光强高于蓝光时,更利于小麦草生长;连续24 h的光照与间隔12 h的光照相比,略有生长优势。     

Flower Bud Atrophy in Baccara Roses. V. The Effect of Different Growth Substances on Flowering

The effect of various growth regulators on the atrophy of terminal flower buds was tested on Baccara roses. Treatments with gibberellic acid (GA) and 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CCC) reduced the atrophy of the flowers. The application of 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (CEPA) to the buds enhanced abortion, and the effect was more marked on the lower than on the upper shoot. The stage most sensitive to CEPA was when the shoots were 8–35 cm long. Treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) had no effect of the degree of “blindness”, nor did kinetin applied to the apex affect flowering. Spraying with benzyl adenine increased both the rate of sprouting of the lateral buds and the extent of “blindness” of the sprouting shoots, but did not reduce the number of flowers per branch.     

中风的分类、症状、临床诊断及护理认知

中风是人类第二常见的死亡原因,正确区分中风的类型和症状,从表征迅速诊断发生的中风的类型,对于中风患者对症治疗和制定系统护理策略具有特别重要的意义,有助于患者康复和延长生命.本研究系统地论述了中风的分类、不同类型中风的症状以及临床诊断和护理的策略,期望为医生、护理人员以及公众提供中风的认知和自我预防以及护理.     

Periodic Matrix Population Models: Growth Rate,Basic Reproduction Number,and Entropy

This article considers three different aspects of periodic matrix population models. First, a formula for the sensitivity analysis of the growth rate λ is obtained that is simpler than the one obtained by Caswell and Trevisan. Secondly, the formula for the basic reproduction number ℛ₀ in a constant environment is generalized to the case of a periodic environment. Some inequalities between λ and ℛ₀ proved by Cushing and Zhou are also generalized to the periodic case. Finally, we add some remarks on Demetrius’ notion of evolutionary entropy H and its relationship to the growth rate λ in the periodic case.