Isolation and identification of 15-beta-hydroxy cyproterone acetate as a new metabolite of cyproterone acetate in dog, monkey and man.

15-beta-hydroxy cyproterone acetate could be identified by thin layer chromatography, mass spectrum, NMR and IR spectrum as a major unconjugated metabolite of cyproterone acetate in plasma and urine of dog, monkey and man. This metabolite has been found to interferein the Mattingly method for the determination of 11-hydroxy-corticosteroids which suggests, that this method is inadequate in controling the adrenal function of subjects treated with cyproterone acetate.     

Isolation and characterization of a new antifungal metabolite ofTrichoderma reesei

A mycelial extract ofTrichoderma reesei (P-12) was separated into four fractions by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Out of these, two were found to exhibit antifungal activity when tested against plant pathogenic fungi. The level of antifungal compounds was higher in media containing glucose as the carbon source as compared to one containing cellulose. The synthesis of these antifungal compounds started after 3 days of inoculation at 30°C and continued upto 8 days. No further increase was recorded beyond this period.     

Toxigenicity of Trichothecium roseum link: Isolation and partial characterization of a toxic metabolite

A toxic fraction (TR-1) was obtained from rice culture extracts of an isolate (MC-156) ofTrichothecium roseum from moldy corn. This toxic fraction was purified primarily by column and thin-layer chromatography and was chromatographically pure as evidenced by a single charred spot on an analytical thin-layer plate. The toxic fraction TR-1 possessed approximately 12.9 % nitrogen and an ethanol solution of this fraction possessed no ultraviolet absorbance in the range from 210 to 320 mµ. The infrared absorption spectrum exhibited strong absorption bands at 1180, 1380, 1445, 1630, 1670, 1730, 2930, 2960, and 3380 cm^–1; moderate absorption bands occurred at 775, 1230, 1410, 1515, 1540, and 2870 cm^–1. The dry residue from this fraction was readily soluble in ether, chloroform, ethanol and methanol.The toxic fraction Tr-1 appears to be a new and different toxic entity than has been described fromT. roseum.

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Zusammenfassung Eine toxische Fraktion (TR-1) ist von Reiskulturextrakten eines Stammes (MC-156) desTrichothecium roseum vom verschimmelten Mais erhalten worden. Diese toxische Fraktion war ursprünglich durch Säulen- und Dünnschicht-Chromatographie gereinigt worden und sie war chromatographically rein, wie ein einziger verkohlter Fleck an einer analytischen Dünnschichtplatte bewies. Die toxische Fraktion TR-1 hat ungefähr 12.9 % Stickstoff, und eine Ethanol-lösung dieser Fraktion besaß keine Absorption in der Spanne von 210 bis 320 mµ. Das infrarote Absorptionspektrum zeigte starke Absorptionstreifen bei 1180, 1380, 1445, 1630, 1670, 2930, 2960, und 3380 cm^–1; mäßige Absorptionstreifen erschienen bei 775, 1230, 1410, 151, 1540, und 2870 cm^–1. Der trockene Rückstand dieser Fraktion war leicht in Ether, Chloroform, Ethanol und Methanol auflösbar. Die toxische Fraktion TR-1 scheint eine neue und verschiedene Einheit zu sein, denn diejenigen, die vomTr. roseum beschrieben worden sind.

     

Isolation and structure elucidation of isoaltenuene,a new metabolite ofAlternaria alternata

Mycotoxin Research - Isoaltenuene, a previously unknownAlternaria metabolite has been isolated from a rice culture ofAlternaria alternata and purified by semipreparative HPLC. The assigned...     

Isolation and partial characterization of a new mutant for sterol biotransformation in Mycobacterium sp.

Summary A new sterol biotransforming mutant was isolated from NRRL-B3683 Mycobacterium sp. after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. The mutant showed an enhanced ability to biotransform stigmasterol into 17-ketosteroids compared with the parental strain.     

Isolation and characterization of a cytotoxic metabolite of Talaromyces bacillosporus.

A cytotoxic metabolite, talarotoxin, was isolated from a fungus, Talaromyces bacillosporus IFO 8397, cultured on rice. The structure of the toxin was elucidated and found to contain a pyrrolizidinedione connected with a trans delta 1-octalin through a conjugated triene.     

Isolation and characterization of new fluoroacetate resistant/acetate non-utilizing mutants of Neurospora crassa.

Sixty-two mutants of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa were isolated on the basis of resistance to the antimetabolite fluoroacetate. Of these, 14 were unable to use acetate as sole carbon source (acetate non-utilizers, acu) and were the subject of further genetic and biochemical analysis. These mutants fell into four complementation groups, three of which did not complement any known acu mutants. Mutants of complementation group 3 failed to complement acu-8, demonstrated similar phenotypic properties and proved to be closely linked (less than 2% recombination) but not allelic. Representatives of groups 2 and 4 were mapped to independent loci; the single representative of group 1 could not be mapped. The four complementation groups were therefore designated as genes acu-10 to acu-13 respectively. All the mutants demonstrated normal acetate-induced expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase and the unique enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis. The nature of these mutations is therefore quite different to those reported for other fungal species. Mutant acu-11 was unable to fix labelled acetate, indicating the loss of an initial transport function; partial enzyme lesions were observed for acu-12 (acetyl-CoA hydrolase) and acu-13 (acetate-inducible NAD(+)-specific malate dehydrogenase).     

Isolation and synthesis of a new bio-antimutagen, petasiphenol, from scapes of Petasites japonicum.

A new bio-antimutagen, petasiphenol [3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl caffeate] (1) was isolated from scapes of Petasites japonicum (AD50 = 95 micrograms/ml against UV-induced mutagenic E. coli WP2 B/r Trp-. Petasiphenol (1) and its isomer (2) were synthesized. The activity of 1 was observed in the presence of soybean oil (glyceride), although the isomer (2) did not show any activity in doses up to 300 micrograms/ml.     

Isolation and partial characterization of a sulfogalactoglycerolipid from rat brain.

The brain of adult rats were analyzed for the presence of 35-SO4-containing glycolipids following intraventricular injection of Na2-35SO4. Radiochromatographic analyses revealed the presence of two minor 35-SO4-containing glycolipids, in addition to sulfogalactosylceramide. One of these two minor sulfolipids was isolated and tentatively identified as a 1-O--alkyl-2-0-acyl-3-(3'-sulfogalactosyl)-glycerol, a compound recently demonstrated to be the major glycolipid of mammalian testis. The alkyl and acyl compositions of the compound from rat brain are more heterogeneous than those from rat testis. The non-sulfated form of the galactoglycerolipid was also detected in rat brain. The amount of the sulfogalactoglycerolipid in rat brain is 0.19 mumol per gram wet weight, approximately one-third of the amount in rat testis (per gram wet weight), and is approximately one-fifteenth that of sulfogalactosylceramide in rat brain. The possible significance of the common occurrence in brain and testis of sulfated and non-sulfated galactolipids is discussed.     

Isolation and partial characterization of a new soluble b-type cytochrome (b9) from rat liver.

A new soluble cytochrome, designated as cytochrome b9, was purified to apparent homogeneity from rat liver. The absorption maximum of the oxidized (the native form) cytochrome b9 at room temperature was 413 nm. The dithionite-reduced cytochrome b9 had absorption maxima at 556, 527, and 423 nm. The prosthetic group of cytochrome b9 was identified as protoheme IX. From gel filtration experiments, the molecular weight of cytochrome b9 was estimated to be 125,000. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that the molecular weight of its subunit was 61,000. The native form of cytochrome b9 was thus a dimer. The amount of heme/mol of dimer was 3.3 mol. Cytochrome b9 was autoxidizable and did not bind CO, 2.2 mM cyanide, or 2.2 mM azide. On the basis of its molecular weight of 125,000, the millimolar extinction coefficients of dimeric cytochrome b9 at 280 and 413 nm were 384 and 380, respectively. The absorbance at 280 nm/mg cytochrome b9 was 3.1. Cytochromes b9 and H-450 (I.-C. Kim and W.C. Deal (1976) Biochemistry 15, 4925-4930) are the only b-type, soluble cytochromes which have been isolated from mammalian liver; they are not found in tissues of heart, lung, kidney, and brain. The biological function of cytochrome b9 was not determined.     

On a new australopithecine partial endocast.

A newly discovered right parietal/temporal/frontal fragment from an australopithecine natural endocast is described and compared to other australopithecine endocasts. This specimen shows that the central sulcus was arched, rather than straight as previously believed, and reveals frontal lobe convolutions not preserved in other australopithecine endocasts.     

Isolation and partial characterisation of dehalogenase-deficient mutants of a Rhizobium sp.

Abstract The use of a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae deleted in the lytA gene coding for the N-acetyl-muramyl- l -alanine amidase, and therefore devoid of any amidase, has allowed the identification of a new murein hydrolase activity in this bacterium. This enzyme (or enzymes) acted as an autolysin when the cultures were grown at 30°C. Our results strongly suggest that the new lytic activity corresponds to one or more glycosidases.