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1.
Diabetes-induced cardiac complications include left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure. We previously demonstrated that LV phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α (PI3K) protects the heart against diabetic cardiomyopathy, associated with reduced NADPH oxidase expression and activity. Conversely, in dominant negative PI3K(p110α) transgenic mice (dnPI3K), reduced cardiac PI3K signaling exaggerated diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy, associated with upregulated NADPH oxidase. The goal was to examine whether chronic supplementation with the antioxidant coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) could attenuate LV superoxide and diabetic cardiomyopathy in a setting of impaired PI3K signaling. Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old nontransgenic and dnPI3K male mice via streptozotocin. After 4 weeks of diabetes, CoQ 10 supplementation commenced (10 mg/kg ip, 3 times/week, 8 weeks). At study end (12 weeks of diabetes), markers of LV function, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, collagen deposition, NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine), and concentrations of CoQ 9 and CoQ 10 were determined. LV NADPH oxidase (Nox2 gene expression and activity, and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence), as well as oxidative stress, were increased by diabetes, exaggerated in diabetic dnPI3K mice, and attenuated by CoQ 10. Diabetes-induced LV diastolic dysfunction (prolonged deceleration time, elevated end-diastolic pressure, impaired E/A ratio), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, connective tissue growth factor, and β-myosin heavy chain were all attenuated by CoQ 10. Chronic CoQ 10 supplementation attenuates aspects of diabetic cardiomyopathy, even in a setting of reduced cardiac PI3K protective signaling. Given that CoQ 10 supplementation has been suggested to have positive outcomes in heart failure patients, chronic CoQ 10 supplementation may be an attractive adjunct therapy for diabetic heart failure. 相似文献
2.
The study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary L-carnitine and coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) supplementation on growth performance and ascites mortality of broilers. A 3 × 3 factorial arrangement was employed with three levels (0, 75 and 150 mg/kg) of L-carnitine and three levels of CoQ 10 (0, 20 and 40 mg/kg) supplementation during the experiment. Five hundred and forty one-day-old Arbor Acre male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into nine groups with six replicates each. All birds were fed with the basal diets from day 1 to 7 and changed to the experimental diets from day 8. During day 15 to 21 all the birds were exposed to low ambient temperature (15 - 18°C) to induce ascites. The results showed that under this condition, growth performance of broilers were not significantly affected by CoQ 10 or L-carnitine + CoQ 10 supplementation during week 0 - 3 and 0 - 6, but body weight gain (BWG) of broilers was significantly reduced by 150 mg/kg L-carnitine during week 0 - 6. Packed cell volume (PCV) of broilers was significantly decreased by L-carnitine and L-carnitine + CoQ 10 supplementation ( P < 0.05). Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF), ascites heart index (AHI) and ascites mortality of broilers were significantly decreased by L-carnitine, CoQ 10 and L-carnitine + CoQ 10 supplementation. Though no significant changes were observed in total antioxidative capability (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) was increased by L-carnitine, CoQ 10 and L-carnitine + CoQ 10 supplementation ( P < 0.05). Malonaldehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased by CoQ 10 and L-carnitine + CoQ 10 supplementation. The results indicate that dietary L-carnitine and CoQ 10 supplementation reduce ascites mortality of broilers; the reason may be partially associated with their antioxidative effects. 相似文献
3.
By the optimization of nitrogen source for coenzyme Q 10 (ubiquinone, CoQ 10) production in Agrobacterium tumefaciens KCCM 10413 culture, the highest CoQ 10 production was achieved in medium containing corn steep powder (CSP). Components for a stimulatory effect on the production
of CoQ 10 in CSP were screened, and lactate was found to increase dry cell weight (DCW) and the specific CoQ 10 content. In a fed-batch culture of A. tumefaciens, supplementation with 1.5 g of lactate l −1 further improved DCW, the specific CoQ 10 content, and CoQ 10 production by 16.0, 5.8, and 22.8%, respectively. It has been reported that lactate stimulates cell growth and acts as an
accelerator driving the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Roberto et al. 2002, Biotechnol Let 24:427–431; Matsuoka et al. 1996, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:575–579). In this study, lactate supplementation increased DCW and the specific CoQ 10 content in A. tumefaciens culture, probably by accelerating TCA cycle and energy production as reported previously, leading to the increase of CoQ 10 production. 相似文献
4.
Summary. Wistar rats were fed with different diets with or without supplement coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) and with oil of different sources (sunflower or virgin olive oil) for six or twelve months. Ubiquinone contents (CoQ 9 and CoQ 10) were quantified in homogenates of livers and brains from rats fed with the four diets. In the brain, younger rats showed
a 3-fold higher amount of ubiquinone than older ones for all diets. In the liver, however, CoQ 10 supplementation increased the amount of CoQ 9 and CoQ 10 in both total homogenates and plasma membranes. Rats fed with sunflower oil as fat source showed higher amounts of ubiquinone
content than those fed with olive oil, in total liver homogenates, but the total ubiquinone content in plasma membranes was
similar with both fat sources. Older rats showed a higher amount of ubiquinone after diets supplemented with CoQ 10. Two ubiquinone-dependent antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity in hepatocyte
plasma membranes was unaltered by ubiquinone accumulation, but this activity increased slightly with age. Both cytosolic and
membrane-bound dicumarol-sensitive NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase, EC 1.6.99.2) activities were
decreased by diets supplemented with CoQ 10. Animals fed with olive oil presented lower DT-diaphorase activity than those fed with sunflower oil, suggesting that the
CoQ 10 antioxidant protection is strengthened by olive oil as fat source.
Received May 22, 2002; accepted September 20, 2002; published online May 21, 2003
RID="*"
ID="*" Correspondence and reprints: Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba Edificio
Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. 相似文献
5.
For a number of years, coenzyme Q (CoQ 10 in humans) was known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics; later studies demonstrated its presence in other subcellular
fractions and in plasma, and extensively investigated its antioxidant role. These two functions constitute the basis on which
research supporting the clinical use of CoQ 10 is founded. Also at the inner mitochondrial membrane level, coenzyme Q is recognized as an obligatory co-factor for the function
of uncoupling proteins and a modulator of the transition pore. Furthermore, recent data reveal that CoQ 10 affects expression of genes involved in human cell signalling, metabolism, and transport and some of the effects of exogenously
administered CoQ 10 may be due to this property. Coenzyme Q is the only lipid soluble antioxidant synthesized endogenously. In its reduced form,
CoQH 2, ubiquinol, inhibits protein and DNA oxidation but it is the effect on lipid peroxidation that has been most deeply studied.
Ubiquinol inhibits the peroxidation of cell membrane lipids and also that of lipoprotein lipids present in the circulation.
Dietary supplementation with CoQ 10 results in increased levels of ubiquinol-10 within circulating lipoproteins and increased resistance of human low-density
lipoproteins to the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, CoQ 10 has a direct anti-atherogenic effect, which has been demonstrated in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed with a high-fat
diet. In this model, supplementation with CoQ 10 at pharmacological doses was capable of decreasing the absolute concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in atherosclerotic
lesions and of minimizing the size of atherosclerotic lesions in the whole aorta. Whether these protective effects are only
due to the antioxidant properties of coenzyme Q remains to be established; recent data point out that CoQ 10 could have a direct effect on endothelial function. In patients with stable moderate CHF, oral CoQ 10 supplementation was shown to ameliorate cardiac contractility and endothelial dysfunction. Recent data from our laboratory
showed a strong correlation between endothelium bound extra cellular SOD (ecSOD) and flow-dependent endothelial-mediated dilation,
a functional parameter commonly used as a biomarker of vascular function. The study also highlighted that supplementation
with CoQ 10 that significantly affects endothelium-bound ecSOD activity. Furthermore, we showed a significant correlation between increase
in endothelial bound ecSOD activity and improvement in FMD after CoQ 10 supplementation. The effect was more pronounced in patients with low basal values of ecSOD. Finally, we summarize the findings,
also from our laboratory, on the implications of CoQ 10 in seminal fluid integrity and sperm cell motility. 相似文献
6.
Abstract Effects of dietary L-carnitine and coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) at different supplemental ages on performance and some immune response were investigated in ascites-susceptible broilers. A 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design was used consisting of L-carnitine supplementation (0, 75, and 100 mg/kg), CoQ 10 supplementation (0 and 40 mg/kg) and different supplemental ages (from day 1 on and from day 10 on). A total of 480 one-day-old Arbor Acre male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 12 groups, every group had five replicates, each with eight birds. The birds were fed a corn-soybean based diet for six weeks. From day 10 – 21, all the birds were exposed to a low ambient temperature (12 – 15°C) to increase the susceptibility to ascites. No significant effects were observed on growth performance by L-carnitine, CoQ 10 supplementation, and different supplemental ages. Packed cell volume was significantly decreased by L-carnitine supplementation alone, and ascites heart index and ascites mortality were decreased by L-carnitine, CoQ 10 supplementation alone, and L-carnitine + CoQ 10 supplementation together ( p < 0.05). Heart index of broilers was significantly improved by L-carnitine, CoQ 10 supplementation alone during 0 – 3 week. Serum IgG content was improved by L-carnitine supplementation alone ( p < 0.05), but lysozyme activity was increased by L-carnitine + CoQ 10 supplementation together ( p < 0.05). A significant L-carnitine by supplemental age interaction was observed in lysozyme activity. L-carnitine supplementation alone had no effects on the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation in response to concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide, but supplemental CoQ 10 alone and L-carnitine + CoQ 10 together decreased the PBL proliferation in response to ConA ( p < 0.05). The present study suggested that L-carnitine + CoQ 10 supplementation together had positive effects on some immune response of ascites-susceptible broilers, which might benefit for the reduction of broilers' susceptibility to ascites. 相似文献
7.
Of various metal ions (Ca 2+, Cr 3+, Cu 2+, Fe 2+, Mg 2+, Mn 2+, Ni 2+ and Zn 2+) added to the culture medium of Agrobacterium tumefaciens at 1 mM, only Ca 2+ increased Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10) content in cells without the inhibition of cell growth. In a pH-stat fed-batch culture, supplementation with 40 mM of CaCO 3 increased the specific CoQ 10 content and oxidative stress by 22.4 and 48%, respectively. Also, the effect of Ca 2+ on the increase of CoQ 10 content was successfully verified in a pilot-scale (300 L) fermentor. In this study, the increased oxidative stress in A. tumefaciens culture by the supplementation of Ca 2+ is hypothesized to stimulate the increase of specific CoQ 10 content in order to protect the membrane against lipid peroxidation. Our results improve the understanding of Ca 2+ effect on CoQ 10 biosynthesis in A. tumefaciens and should contribute to better industrial production of CoQ 10 by biological processes. 相似文献
8.
BackgroundMitochondria are both the cellular powerhouse and the major source of reactive oxygen species. Coenzyme Q 10 plays a key role in mitochondrial energy production and is recognized as a powerful antioxidant. For these reasons it can be argued that higher mitochondrial ubiquinone levels may enhance the energy state and protect from oxidative stress. Despite the large number of clinical studies on the effect of CoQ 10 supplementation, there are very few experimental data about the mitochondrial ubiquinone content and the cellular bioenergetic state after supplementation. Controversial clinical and in vitro results are mainly due to the high hydrophobicity of this compound, which reduces its bioavailability. Principal FindingsWe measured the cellular and mitochondrial ubiquinone content in two cell lines (T67 and H9c2) after supplementation with a hydrophilic CoQ 10 formulation (Qter®) and native CoQ 10. Our results show that the water soluble formulation is more efficient in increasing ubiquinone levels. We have evaluated the bioenergetics effect of ubiquinone treatment, demonstrating that intracellular CoQ 10 content after Qter supplementation positively correlates with an improved mitochondrial functionality (increased oxygen consumption rate, transmembrane potential, ATP synthesis) and resistance to oxidative stress. ConclusionsThe improved cellular energy metabolism related to increased CoQ 10 content represents a strong rationale for the clinical use of coenzyme Q 10 and highlights the biological effects of Qter®, that make it the eligible CoQ 10 formulation for the ubiquinone supplementation. 相似文献
9.
BackgroundCoenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) and its analogs are used therapeutically by virtue of their functions as electron carriers, antioxidant compounds, or both. However, published studies suggest that different ubiquinone analogs may produce divergent effects on oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress. Methodology/Principal FindingsTo test these concepts, we have evaluated the effects of CoQ 10, coenzyme Q 2 (CoQ 2), idebenone, and vitamin C on bioenergetics and oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts with primary CoQ 10 deficiency. A final concentration of 5 µM of each compound was chosen to approximate the plasma concentration of CoQ 10 of patients treated with oral ubiquinone. CoQ 10 supplementation for one week but not for 24 hours doubled ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratio in CoQ 10 deficient fibroblasts therein normalizing the bioenergetics status of the cells. Other compounds did not affect cellular bioenergetics. In COQ2 mutant fibroblasts, increased superoxide anion production and oxidative stress-induced cell death were normalized by all supplements. Conclusions/SignificanceThese results indicate that: 1) pharmacokinetics of CoQ 10 in reaching the mitochondrial respiratory chain is delayed; 2) short-tail ubiquinone analogs cannot replace CoQ 10 in the mitochondrial respiratory chain under conditions of CoQ 10 deficiency; and 3) oxidative stress and cell death can be counteracted by administration of lipophilic or hydrophilic antioxidants. The results of our in vitro experiments suggest that primary CoQ 10 deficiencies should be treated with CoQ 10 supplementation but not with short-tail ubiquinone analogs, such as idebenone or CoQ 2. Complementary administration of antioxidants with high bioavailability should be considered if oxidative stress is present. 相似文献
10.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10) deficiency (MIM 607426) causes a mitochondrial syndrome with variability in the clinical presentations. Patients with CoQ 10 deficiency show inconsistent responses to oral ubiquinone-10 supplementation, with the highest percentage of unsuccessful results in patients with neurological symptoms (encephalopathy, cerebellar ataxia or multisystemic disease). Failure in the ubiquinone-10 treatment may be the result of its poor absorption and bioavailability, which may be improved by using different pharmacological formulations. In a mouse model ( Coq9X/X) of mitochondrial encephalopathy due to CoQ deficiency, we have evaluated oral supplementation with water-soluble formulations of reduced (ubiquinol-10) and oxidized (ubiquinone-10) forms of CoQ 10. Our results show that CoQ 10 was increased in all tissues after supplementation with ubiquinone-10 or ubiquinol-10, with the tissue levels of CoQ 10 with ubiquinol-10 being higher than with ubiquinone-10. Moreover, only ubiquinol-10 was able to increase the levels of CoQ 10 in mitochondria from cerebrum of Coq9X/X mice. Consequently, ubiquinol-10 was more efficient than ubiquinone-10 in increasing the animal body weight and CoQ-dependent respiratory chain complex activities, and reducing the vacuolization, astrogliosis and oxidative damage in diencephalon, septum–striatum and, to a lesser extent, in brainstem. These results suggest that water-soluble formulations of ubiquinol-10 may improve the efficacy of CoQ 10 therapy in primary and secondary CoQ 10 deficiencies, other mitochondrial diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
11.
Human COQ6 encodes a monooxygenase which is responsible for the C5-hydroxylation of the quinone ring of coenzyme Q (CoQ). Mutations in COQ6 cause primary CoQ deficiency, a condition responsive to oral CoQ 10 supplementation. Treatment is however still problematic given the poor bioavailability of CoQ10. We employed S. cerevisiae lacking the orthologous gene to characterize the two different human COQ6 isoforms and the mutations found in patients. COQ6 isoform a can partially complement the defective yeast, while isoform b, which lacks part of the FAD-binding domain, is inactive but partially stable, and could have a regulatory/inhibitory function in CoQ 10 biosynthesis. Most mutations identified in patients, including the frameshift Q461fs478X mutation, retain residual enzymatic activity, and all patients carry at least one hypomorphic allele, confirming that the complete block of CoQ biosynthesis is lethal. These mutants are also partially stable and allow the assembly of the CoQ biosynthetic complex. In fact treatment with two hydroxylated analogues of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, namely, vanillic acid or 3-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, restored the respiratory growth of yeast Δ coq6 cells expressing the mutant huCOQ6-isoa proteins. These compounds, and particularly vanillic acid, could therefore represent an interesting therapeutic option for COQ6 patients. 相似文献
12.
Antioxidant agents from natural sources are currently the focus of scientific interest and are part of several natural product screenings. Coenzymes Q (CoQ, ubiquinones) are integral parts of the electron transport chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane. As antioxidants they protect phospholipids against peroxidation and are also involved in various processes of tissue protection. Their natural occurrence was validated for Saccharomyces cerevisiae as CoQ 6, for Escherichia coli as CoQ 8, and for humans as CoQ 10. After carrying out a preparative reversed‐phase (RP)–HPLC separation of extracts isolated from unicellular red alga Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) K. M. Drew et R. Ross, it was possible to identify a 2,3‐dimethoxy‐5‐methyl‐6‐decaprenyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (CoQ 10) within these extracts using a matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) curved field reflectron (CFR) mass spectrometer. Detected mass fragments showed a high significance and could be structurally interpreted for both commercialized standard and CoQ 10 isolated from P. purpureum. 相似文献
13.
Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10), a strong antioxidant, is used extensively in food, cosmetic and medicine industries. A natural producer, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, was engineered to overproduce CoQ 10. For increasing the CoQ 10 content, crtB gene was deleted to block the carotenoid pathway. crtB gene deletion led to 33% improvement of CoQ 10 content over the wild type strain. However, it was found that the yield of hopanoids was also increased by competing for the precursors from carotenoid pathway with CoQ 10 pathway. To further increase the CoQ 10 content, hopanoid pathway was blocked by deleting shc gene, resulting in R. palustris [ Δshc, ΔcrtB] to produce 4·7 mg g −1 DCW CoQ 10, which was 1·2 times higher than the CoQ 10 content in the wild type strain. The common strategy of co-expression of rate-limiting enzymes (DXS, DPS and UbiA) was combined with the pathway blocking method resulted in 8·2 mg g −1 DCW of CoQ 10, which was 2·9 times higher than that of wild type strain. The results suggested a synergistic effect among different metabolic engineering strategies. This study demonstrates the potential of R. palustris for CoQ 10 production and provides viable strategies to increase CoQ 10 titer. 相似文献
14.
The purpose of these studies was to prepare and characterize nanoparticles into which Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) had been incorporated (CoQ 10-NPs) using a simple and potentially scalable method. CoQ 10-NPs were prepared by cooling warm microemulsion precursors composed of emulsifying wax, CoQ 10, Brij 78, and/or Tween 20. The nanoparticles were lyophilized, and the stability of CoQ 10-NPs in both lyophilized form and aqueous suspension was monitored over 7 days. The release of CoQ 10 from the nanoparticles was investigated at 37°C. Finally, an in vitro study of the uptake of CoQ 10-NPs by mouse macrophage, J774A.1, was completed. The incorporation efficiency of CoQ 10 was approximately 74%±5%. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that the nanoparticle was not a physical mixture
of its individual components. The size of the nanoparticles increased over time if stored in aqueous suspension. However,
enhanced stability was observed when the nanoparticles were stored at 4°C. Storage in lyophilized form demonstrated the highest
stability. The in vitro release profile of CoQ 10 from the nanoparticles showed an initial period of rapid release in the first 9 hours followed by a period of slower and
extended release. The uptake of CoQ 10-NPs by the J774A.1 cells was over 4-fold higher than that of the CoQ 10-free nanoparticles ( P<.05). In conclusion, CoQ 10-NPs with potential application for oral CoQ 10 delivery were engineered readily from microemulsion precursors. 相似文献
15.
BackgroundFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome with unknown etiology and a wide spectrum of symptoms such as allodynia, debilitating fatigue, joint stiffness and migraine. Recent studies have shown some evidences demonstrating that oxidative stress is associated to clinical symptoms in FM of fibromyalgia. We examined oxidative stress and bioenergetic status in blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) and its association to headache symptoms in FM patients. The effects of oral coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) supplementation on biochemical markers and clinical improvement were also evaluated. MethodsWe studied 20 FM patients and 15 healthy controls. Clinical parameters were evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), visual analogues scales (VAS), and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). Oxidative stress was determined by measuring CoQ 10, catalase and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in BMCs. Bioenergetic status was assessed by measuring ATP levels in BMCs. ResultsWe found decreased CoQ 10, catalase and ATP levels in BMCs from FM patients as compared to normal control (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively) We also found increased level of LPO in BMCs from FM patients as compared to normal control (P<0.001). Significant negative correlations between CoQ 10 or catalase levels in BMCs and headache parameters were observed (r = −0.59, P<0.05; r = −0.68, P<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, LPO levels showed a significant positive correlation with HIT-6 (r = 0.33, P<0.05). Oral CoQ 10 supplementation restored biochemical parameters and induced a significant improvement in clinical and headache symptoms (P<0.001). DiscussionThe results of this study suggest a role for mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the headache symptoms associated with FM. CoQ10 supplementation should be examined in a larger placebo controlled trial as a possible treatment in FM. 相似文献
16.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS), a frequent chronic kidney disease in children and young adults, is the most common phenotype associated with primary coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) deficiency and is very responsive to CoQ 10 supplementation, although the pathomechanism is not clear. Here, using a mouse model of CoQ deficiency-associated NS, we show that long-term oral CoQ 10 supplementation prevents kidney failure by rescuing defects of sulfides oxidation and ameliorating oxidative stress, despite only incomplete normalization of kidney CoQ levels and lack of rescue of CoQ-dependent respiratory enzymes activities. Liver and kidney lipidomics, and urine metabolomics analyses, did not show CoQ metabolites. To further demonstrate that sulfides metabolism defects cause oxidative stress in CoQ deficiency, we show that silencing of sulfide quinone oxido-reductase (SQOR) in wild-type HeLa cells leads to similar increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in HeLa cells depleted of the CoQ biosynthesis regulatory protein COQ8A. While CoQ 10 supplementation of COQ8A depleted cells decreases ROS and increases SQOR protein levels, knock-down of SQOR prevents CoQ 10 antioxidant effects. We conclude that kidney failure in CoQ deficiency-associated NS is caused by oxidative stress mediated by impaired sulfides oxidation and propose that CoQ supplementation does not significantly increase the kidney pool of CoQ bound to the respiratory supercomplexes, but rather enhances the free pool of CoQ, which stabilizes SQOR protein levels rescuing oxidative stress. 相似文献
17.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal co-dominant genetic disorder characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and increased risk for premature cardiovascular disease. Here, we examined FH pathophysiology in skin fibroblasts derived from FH patients harboring heterozygous mutations in the LDL-receptor.Fibroblasts from FH patients showed a reduced LDL-uptake associated with increased intracellular cholesterol levels and coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) deficiency, suggesting dysregulation of the mevalonate pathway.Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency was associated with mitochondrial depolarization and mitophagy activation in FH fibroblasts. Persistent mitophagy altered autophagy flux and induced inflammasome activation accompanied by increased production of cytokines by mutant cells. All the pathological alterations in FH fibroblasts were also reproduced in a human endothelial cell line by LDL-receptor gene silencing.Both increased intracellular cholesterol and mitochondrial dysfunction in FH fibroblasts were partially restored by CoQ 10 supplementation. Dysregulated mevalonate pathway in FH, including increased expression of cholesterogenic enzymes and decreased expression of CoQ 10 biosynthetic enzymes, was also corrected by CoQ 10 treatment.Reduced CoQ 10 content and mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathophysiology of early atherosclerosis in FH. The diagnosis of CoQ 10 deficiency and mitochondrial impairment in FH patients may also be important to establish early treatment with CoQ 10. 相似文献
18.
This report describes the optimization of culture conditions for coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) production by Agrobacterium
tumefaciens KCCM 10413, an identified high-CoQ 10-producing strain (Kim et al., Korean patent. 10-0458818, 2002b). Among the conditions tested, the pH and the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were the key factors affecting CoQ 10 production. When the pH and DO levels were controlled at 7.0 and 0–10%, respectively, a dry cell weight (DCW) of 48.4 g l −1 and a CoQ 10 production of 320 mg l −1 were obtained after 96 h of batch culture, corresponding to a specific CoQ 10 content of 6.61 mg g-DCW −1. In a fed-batch culture of sucrose, the DCW, specific CoQ 10 content, and CoQ 10 production increased to 53.6 g l −1, 8.54 mg g-DCW −1, and 458 mg l −1, respectively. CoQ 10 production was scaled up from a laboratory scale (5-l fermentor) to a pilot scale (300 l) and a plant scale (5,000 l) using
the impeller tip velocity ( V
tip) as a scale-up parameter. CoQ 10 production at the laboratory scale was similar to those at the pilot and plant scales. This is the first report of pilot-
and plant-scale productions of CoQ 10 in A. tumefaciens. 相似文献
19.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is the main CoQ species in human and is used extensively in food, cosmetic and medicine industries because of its antioxidant properties and its benefit in prophylactic medicine and therapy for a variety of diseases. Among various approaches to increase the production of CoQ10, microbial fermentation is the most effective. As knowledge of the biosynthetic enzymes and regulatory mechanisms modulating CoQ10 production increases, opportunities arise for metabolic engineering of CoQ10 in microbial hosts. In this review, we present various strategies used up to date to improve CoQ10 production and focus on metabolic engineering of CoQ10 overproduction in microbes. General strategies of metabolic engineering include providing sufficient precursors for CoQ10, increasing metabolic fluxes, and expanding storage capacity for CoQ10. Based on these strategies, CoQ10 production has been significantly improved in natural CoQ10 producers, as well as in heterologous hosts. 相似文献
20.
Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) is present in humans in both the reduced (ubiquinol, CoQ 10H 2) and oxidized (ubiquinone, CoQ 10) forms. CoQ 10 is an essential cofactor in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and is necessary for ATP production. Total, reduced and oxidized CoQ 10 levels in skeletal muscle of 148 children were determined by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection, and we established three level thresholds for total CoQ 10 in muscle. We defined as “severe deficiency”, CoQ 10 levels falling in the range between 0.82 and 4.88 μmol/g tissue; as “intermediate deficiency”, those ranging between 5.40 and 9.80 μmol/g tissue, and as “mild deficiency”, the amount of CoQ 10 included between 10.21 and 19.10 μmol/g tissue. Early identification of CoQ 10 deficiency has important implications in children, not only for those with primary CoQ 10 defect, but also for patients with neurodegenerative disorders, in order to encourage earlier supplementation with this agent also in mild and intermediate deficiency. 相似文献
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