阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染的临床研究

目的:探讨阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2012年5月至2013年10月在我院就诊的144例呼吸道肺炎支原体感染患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各72例。对照组加用注射用乳糖酸红霉素静滴治疗,观察组加用阿奇霉素口服治疗。对比两组患者的治疗效果及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组的总有效率为94.45%,明显高于对照组的83.33%;观察组患儿各临床症状及体征的消失时间均明显短于对照组;观察组患儿不良反应的总发生率为6.95%,显著低于对照组的16.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相比于注射用乳糖酸红霉素静滴治疗,阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染疗效更佳,且具有不良反应小,用药安全,患儿的配合度高的优势。     

Clinical Studies with Mazindol

An anoerxiant, mazindol suppresses food intake by 1)stimulating β-adrenergic receptors, 2)inhibiting the feeding center and, 3)stimulating the satiety center in the hypothalamus. In Japan, mazindol is available for clinical use. We examined the effects of mazindol on 1) body weight, appetite, and abnormalities of obesity-related diseases in long-term use 2)maintenance of the reduced body weight after very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) therapy 3)combined use with VLCD therapy and, 4)inhibition of body weight gain in Prader-Willi syndrome. In long-term effects of mazindol, the average reduction of individual body weight was around 6.8 kg. The appetite of 59% of obese subjects was moderately suppressed. Systolic blood pressure, serum GOT, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, and glucose tolerance were also improved. With mazindol, 53.3% of obese subjects kept the reduced body weight after VLCD, in contrast, 20.0% of them kept it without mazindol. Combined use of mazindol with VLCD made the VLCD therapy more effective in out patients. Two of 3 patients with Prader-Willi syndrome inhibited their body weight gain with mazindol. Thus, mazindol produced positive effects in these studies, although the effects were limited.     

Clinical Studies with Liposomal Doxorubicin

Abstract

To present data on a continuing phase I study of liposomal doxorubicin at this time may seem like a giant leap backwards. Liposomally encapsulated doxorubicin has been available for clinical use for some years. Phase I studies have been completed, and phase II studies have been conducted in patients with breast cancer (1,2). Two major obstacles to the commercial exploitation of drugs encapsulated in liposomes were evident. the first was to find a preparation that could be given safely to humans. the second was to develop a pharmaceutical preparation that could be commercially exploited by fulfilling the requirements for manufacture and sale as a drug. the first of these problems was solved a number of years ago, but only recently have we had preparations that fulfilled the second requirement. Two of these have entered clinical trials at Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI). One of these, the liposomally encapsulated muramyl tripeptide derivative (MTP-PE), has been presented previously (3,4). Accordingly, in this paper we will focus on our studies of liposomally encapsulated doxorubicin.     

肝癌大鼠异常凝血酶原的研究

用灵敏的凝血酶原蛇毒激活测定法,观察二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌过程中,血浆异常凝血酶原及肝组织内凝血酶原前体含量的变化。血浆异常凝血酶原从诱癌第4周开始持续上升至第13周;第15周有所下降,第20周又开始回升。而在此过程中,肝组织内凝血酶原前体含量变化不明显,而在诱癌20周的肝癌结节内,凝血酶原前体显著堆积。同时,还研究了肝再生过程中大鼠血桨异常凝血酶原及肝内凝血酶原前体的变化。华法令处理的大鼠作为阳性对照。     

Clinical and Bacteriological Studies with Clindamycin

Fifty patients have been treated with clindamycin, a chemical analogue of lincomycin. Forty-four responded satisfactorily to treatment. Gastrointestinal side-effects were rare though five patients developed rashes. Most recently isolated staphylococci are clindamycin-sensitive.     

显微镜下锁孔手术的临床应用研究

目的：探讨显微镜下锁孔手术的临床应用。方法：回顾性分析近10年来收治的锁孔手术459例的手术经验,总结锁孔手术临床应用。经眉弓锁孔入路治疗颅内病变的手术270例。经翼点锁孔入路治疗颅内病变的手术52例。经后颅窝锁孔入路的手术137例。结果：外伤及高血压引起脑内血肿23例,经翼点锁孔入路治疗效果良好。颅内肿瘤全切除266例（74．7％）,次全切除90例（25．3％）。术后并发症发生率为3．8％,无与手术入路相关并发症。结论：显微镜下锁孔手术是一种安全、有效的微创手术,值得进行深入研究和广泛应用。     

Clinical Studies of Human Pancreatic Enzyme Synthesis

Very little is known of the effects of diet and disease on panceratic enzyme syntheis in humans as conventional tests measure the secretory response to secreagogues, such as CCK, and secretion may be unrelated to synthesis because of the masking effect of a large intracellular pool of stored enzymes (zymogens). In order to obtain information on enzyme synthesis, as well as secretion, we have measured the incorporation characteristics of isotopically labelled amino acids (e.g., ¹⁴C or ¹³C leucine tracer) into amylase and trypsin protein, extracted by affinity chromatography from duodenal secretions during pancreatic stimulation with CCK-8The results of our studies in healthy volunteers and patients have suggested that (a) it takes between 75 and 101 min for the participation of newly synthesized pancreatic enzymes in the digestive process, and that zymogen stores are replaced at a rate of between 12 percent and 47 percent per hour in normal healthy subjects, (b) the synthesis and production rates of trypsin and amylase are parallel in healthy subjects, but can diverge under stressful conditions such as hypersecretory states, post-acute pancreatitis and protein malnutrition, (c) hyperphagia stimulates the synthesis of enzymes whilst malnutrition diminishes the synthesis of trypsin to a greater extent than amylase, (d) intravenous glucose and amino acids exert negative feedback control on the synthesis and release of amylase and trypsin, and (e) the decreased secretion of pancreatic enzymes in Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetics is more a consequence of defective enzyme release from zymogen stores than defective synthesis.In conclusion, our results indicate that changes in pancreatic enzyme secretion noted in patients do not always reflect changes in enzyme synthesis, and that the production of individual enzymes may diverge under certain circumstances. Based on the methodology described, it should be possible to develop more sensitive clinical tests of pancreatic function that provide information not only on the abiltiy of the pancreas to secrete enzymes under certain disease states, but also information on the gland''s synthetic activity     

人血清白蛋白与镍离子相互作用的热力学研究

1　Introduction　　Serumalbuminproteinsareamongthemosthighlystudiedandappliedinbiochemistry[1～ 4].Albuministhemostabundantproteininbloodplasmaandoneofitsmainfunctionsisbasedonauniqueabilitytobindnumerousendogenousandexogenouscompounds.Duetoitsligandbindingpropertiesalbuminservesasacirculatingdepotofsomemetabolites.Thisdepoteffectisoftenmadeuseofindrugtherapy.　　Humanserumalbumin(HSA)isasinglepeptidechainconsistingof 5 85aminoacids( 6 6 5ku)asdeterminedbyaminoacidsequencestudies[5] andasde…     

Association Studies on Ghrelin and Ghrelin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms With Obesity

Ghrelin exerts a stimulatory effect on appetite and regulates energy homeostasis. Ghrelin gene variants have been shown to be associated with metabolic traits, although there is evidence suggesting linkage and association with obesity and the ghrelin receptor (GHSR). We hypothesized that these genes are good candidates for susceptibility to obesity. Direct sequencing identified 12 ghrelin single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 GHSR SNPs. The 10 common SNPs were genotyped in 1,275 obese subjects and in 1,059 subjects from a general population cohort of European origin. In the obesity case‐control study, the GHSR SNP rs572169 was found to be associated with obesity (P = 0.007 in additive model, P = 0.001 in dominant model, odds ratio (OR) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (1.23–2.44)). The ghrelin variant, g.A265T (rs4684677), showed an association with obesity (P = 0.009, BMI adjusted for age and sex) in obese families. The ghrelin variant, g.A‐604G (rs27647), showed an association with insulin levels at 2‐h post‐oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (P = 0.009) in obese families. We found an association between the eating behavior “overeating” and the GHSR SNP rs2232169 (P = 0.02) in obese subjects. However, none of these associations remained significant when corrected for multiple comparisons. Replication of the nominal associations with obesity could not be confirmed in a German genome‐wide association (GWA) study for rs4684677 and rs572169 polymorphisms. Our data suggest that common polymorphisms in ghrelin and its receptor genes are not major contributors to the development of polygenic obesity, although common variants may alter body weight and eating behavior and contribute to insulin resistance, in particular in the context of early‐onset obesity.     

Aortic Valvular Replacement: Clinical Experience With 13 Cases

Acquired aortic disease is now currently corrected by total prosthetic replacement of the aortic valve. Aortic valve replacement was performed in 13 cases at the Montreal Heart Institute in 1963. In the first four cases, Bahnson aortic leaflets were used; in the remaining nine, the Starr-Edwards semirigid aortic valve prosthesis. The surgical technique employed is described. There were two operative deaths and two late deaths. The results have been excellent in all of the survivors but one. They have returned to full-time activities and four of them to strenuous physical work. It is the contention of the authors that aortic valve replacement is a surgical procedure with acceptable risks, offering hope for a near-normal life to patients crippled by severe aortic valvular lesions.