艾司氯胺酮联合丙泊酚对腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者血清炎症因子和应激反应的影响

摘要 目的：观察艾司氯胺酮联合丙泊酚对腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者血清炎症因子和应激反应的影响。方法：选择2020年1月-2022年12月期间同济大学附属同济医院收治的行腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者86例。根据计算机随机生成分组,分为对照组（丙泊酚麻醉,43例）和研究组（艾司氯胺酮联合丙泊酚麻醉,43例）。对比两组血流动力学指标、疼痛情况、炎症因子、应激反应指标和不良反应发生率。结果：气管插管（T2）~切皮后30 min（T4）时间点,两组患者心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）先升高,后下降,但研究组均低于对照组同时间点（P<0.05）。研究组术后6 h、术后12 h、术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后24 h血清白介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平均升高,但研究组均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后24 h血清肾上腺素（AE）、多巴胺（DA）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）水平均升高,但研究组均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比未见差异（P>0.05）。结论：艾司氯胺酮联合丙泊酚用于腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者,镇痛效果显著,可维持血流动力学平稳,控制炎症因子和应激指标分泌,且安全有效。     

丙泊酚联合七氟醚麻醉在先天性心脏病介入手术患儿中的心肌保护作用及对苏醒质量和应激反应的影响

摘要 目的：研究丙泊酚联合七氟醚麻醉在先天性心脏病介入手术患儿中的心肌保护作用及对苏醒质量和应激反应的影响。方法：选择2020年1月~2022年4月期间在苏州大学附属儿童医院接受先天性心脏病介入手术患儿96例,按照双色球法将患儿分为对照组（n=48,接受瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚麻醉）和观察组（n=48,接受丙泊酚、七氟醚麻醉）。对比两组患儿心率、呼吸频率、平均动脉压、苏醒质量、心肌损伤指标、应激反应指标和不良反应发生率。结果：两组置喉罩时（T1）~拔除喉罩（T4）时间点心率、呼吸频率、平均动脉压下降后升高,观察组高于对照组同时间点（P<0.05）。观察组的苏醒时间、拔管时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术毕、术后24 h肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白（cTnI）升高后下降,观察组低于对照组同时间点（P<0.05）。两组术毕、术后24 h血糖、皮质醇升高后下降,观察组低于对照组同时间点（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比,差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论：丙泊酚联合七氟醚麻醉应用于先天性心脏病介入手术中,可减轻患儿的应激反应,稳定机体血流动力学波动,同时还可发挥心肌保护作用,提高苏醒质量。     

舒芬太尼联合地佐辛自控镇痛对经腹子宫切除术后患者应激反应、免疫功能和炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨舒芬太尼联合地佐辛自控镇痛对经腹子宫切除术后患者应激反应、免疫功能和炎症因子的影响。方法：选择2020年4月~2021年8月期间来我院接受经腹子宫切除术的患者78例。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（接受舒芬太尼自控镇痛）和观察组（接受舒芬太尼联合地佐辛自控镇痛）,各为39例。观察并对比两组镇静镇痛情况[视觉疼痛模拟（VAS）评分和Ramsay镇静评分]、应激反应[去甲肾上腺素(NE) 、肾上腺素(E) 和皮质醇(Cor) ]、免疫功能[CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺,计算CD4⁺/CD8⁺]和炎症因子[白介素-2（IL-2）、白介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）],同时记录两种镇痛方案的安全性。结果：两组术后6 h、术后24 h、术后48 h VAS评分先升高后下降,其中观察组术后24 h、术后48 h VAS评分均低于对照组同一时点（P<0.05）。两组术后6 h、术后24 h、术后48 h Ramsay镇静评分不同时间点组内及组间对比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组镇痛48 h后血清NE、E、Cor水平升高,但观察组镇痛48 h后血清NE、E、Cor水平低于对照组同一时间点（P<0.05）。两组镇痛48 h后血清IL-2、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平升高,但观察组镇痛48 h后血清IL-2、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平低于对照组同一时间点（P<0.05）。两组镇痛48 h后CD8⁺升高,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺下降,但观察组的变化幅度小于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：经腹子宫切除术后患者采用舒芬太尼联合地佐辛自控镇痛,镇静、镇痛作用显著,同时还可减轻机体炎性损伤和应激反应,促进免疫功能恢复。     

右美托咪定联合七氟醚麻醉对下肢骨折患者血流动力学、应激反应的影响及心肌保护作用研究

摘要 目的：探讨右美托咪定联合七氟醚麻醉对下肢骨折患者应激反应、血流动力学的影响及心肌保护作用研究。方法：选取下肢骨折患者116例,分为对照组（n=58）和观察组（n=58）,对照组给予右美托咪定联合丙泊酚麻醉,观察组给予右美托咪定联合七氟醚麻醉,对比两组血流动力学指标、应激反应指标、心肌指标、术后疼痛及不良反应。结果：观察组拔管时（T2）~拔管10 min后（T4）时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。两组术后1 d皮质醇（Cor）、肾上腺素（E）均较术前升高,但观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后1 d肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、心肌肌钙蛋白（cTnI）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后6 h、术后 12 h、术后 24 h视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：右美托咪定联合七氟醚麻醉可稳定下肢骨折患者血流动力学,减轻机体应激反应及术后疼痛,同时还可发挥一定的心肌保护作用。     

艾司氯胺酮联合舒芬太尼术后镇痛对老年腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者细胞免疫功能、疼痛因子和认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：观察艾司氯胺酮联合舒芬太尼术后镇痛对老年腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者疼痛因子、细胞免疫功能、认知功能的影响。方法：纳入武汉科技大学附属天佑医院2021年1月~2022年10月期间收治的老年腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者156例。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液术后镇痛）和研究组（盐酸艾司氯胺酮注射液联合枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液术后镇痛）,各78例。对比两组静脉自控镇痛泵（PCIA）有效按压次数、Ramsay镇静评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、细胞免疫功能、疼痛因子、认知功能和不良反应发生率。结果：研究组的PCIA有效按压次数少于对照组（P<0.05）;术后24 h、术后48 h,研究组VAS评分低于对照组,Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。术后48 h,研究组β-内啡肽（β-EP）高于对照组,P物质（SP）、前列腺素E₂（PEG₂）低于对照组（P<0.05）。术后48 h,研究组CD8⁺低于对照组,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h MMSE评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：艾司氯胺酮联合舒芬太尼术后镇痛用于老年腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者,可获得较好的镇静、镇痛效果,可减少PCIA有效按压次数,减轻免疫抑制,降低疼痛因子过度分泌,改善认知功能。     

超声引导下隐神经联合IPACK阻滞对老年全膝关节置换术患者应激反应、炎性细胞因子及膝关节活动度的影响

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下隐神经联合腘动脉与膝关节后囊间隙（IPACK）阻滞对老年全膝关节置换术（TKA）患者应激反应、炎性细胞因子及膝关节活动度的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法,将无锡市中医医院2021年3月~2022年9月期间收治的102例初次行TKA的老年患者分为观察组（超声引导下隐神经联合IPACK阻滞镇痛处理）和对照组（超声引导下隐神经镇痛处理）,每组各51例。对比两组疼痛情况、炎性细胞因子、应激反应指标、不良反应发生率、膝关节活动度。结果：观察组术后6 h、术后12 h、术后24 h视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后48 h肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β、β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后48 h血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、皮质醇（COR）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后24 h、术后48 h膝关节活动度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：超声引导下隐神经联合IPACK阻滞用于TKA患者,具有较好的镇痛效果,可减轻应激反应,抑制炎性细胞因子过度分泌,改善膝关节活动度,麻醉效果较好。     

右美托咪定复合七氟醚对先天性心脏病介入封堵术患儿血流动力学、氧化应激反应和心肌损伤的影响

摘要 目的：观察右美托咪定复合七氟醚对先天性心脏病（CHD）介入封堵术患儿血流动力学、心肌损伤和氧化应激反应的影响。方法：选择2016年1月-2020年12月期间在我院择期行介入封堵术的CHD患儿 106例。按照住院号奇偶顺序将患儿分为对照组（七氟醚麻醉）和观察组（右美托咪定复合七氟醚麻醉）,各53例。观察两组围术期间的血流动力学、氧化应激反应和心肌损伤指标变化情况,记录两组患儿苏醒即刻的躁动评分和镇静评分、苏醒时间和围术期间的不良反应发生率。结果：两组T0~T4时间点心率（HR）均呈先升高后降低趋势,平均动脉压（MAP）均呈先降低后升高趋势（P<0.05）。术后24 h,观察组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平高于对照组,丙二醛(MDA)水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。术后24 h,观察组血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白 I(cTnI)、心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组苏醒即刻的躁动评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患儿不良反应总发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：右美托咪定复合七氟醚应用于行介入封堵术的CHD患儿,可减少躁动发生情况,同时不影响患儿血流动力学和苏醒情况,在减轻氧化应激、心肌损伤方面亦有一定的积极意义。     

利多卡因咽喉表面麻醉对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者应激反应、血流动力学及恢复质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨利多卡因咽喉表面麻醉对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）患者应激反应、血流动力学及恢复质量的影响。方法：采用随机数字表法将长沙市第一医院2019年4月-2021年6月期间收治的80例行LC患者分为对照组（40例,接受全身麻醉）和观察组（40例,对照组的基础上接受利多卡因咽喉表面麻醉）。对比两组血流动力学指标、应激反应指标、呛咳和躁动的发生情况、疼痛情况及生活质量。结果：观察组气管插管即刻（T1）~手术结束时（T4）收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。观察组术后即刻皮质醇（Cor）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的呛咳发生率、躁动发生率以及总发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后6 h、术后12 h、术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。观察组术后1个月活力、躯体疼痛、社会功能、生理功能、总体健康、精神健康、生理职能、情感职能评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：利多卡因咽喉表面麻醉用于LC患者,可发挥气道保护作用,减轻患者的应激反应,维持患者血流的动力平衡,提高恢复质量。     

右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼术后镇痛对卵巢癌根治术患者细胞免疫功能和炎症应激反应的影响

摘要 目的：探讨右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼术后镇痛对卵巢癌根治术患者细胞免疫功能和炎症应激反应的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法将2020年2月至2023年2月期间陕西省肿瘤医院120例择期行卵巢癌根治术的患者分为对照组（n=60，术后镇痛药物选用舒芬太尼）和研究组（n=60，术后镇痛药物选用右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼）。对比两组镇静（Ramsay镇静评分）、细胞免疫功能[CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺]、镇痛情况[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）]、不良反应、炎症应激反应[白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、皮质醇（Cor）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）]变化情况。结果：与对照组术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h 相比，研究组同时间点VAS评分更低，Ramsay镇静评分更高（P<0.05）。与对照组术后24 h相比，研究组同时间点CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺更高，CD8⁺更低（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比未见差异（P>0.05）。与对照组术后24 h相比，研究组同时间点IL-6、TNF-α、Cor、NE更低（P<0.05）。结论：右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于卵巢癌根治术患者术后镇痛，镇静、镇痛效果显著，同时还可减轻机体炎症应激反应，缓解免疫抑制。     

吻合器痔上黏膜环切术联合地奥司明对混合痔患者肛肠动力学及血清炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）联合地奥司明对混合痔患者肛肠动力学及血清炎症因子的影响。方法：选择2018年5月~2021年5月期间我院收治的混合痔患者115例,随机分为2组：对照组（57例）、观察组（58例）,对照组给予PPH治疗,观察组给予PPH联合地奥司明治疗,比较两组疗效、症状评分、肛肠动力学指标及血清炎症因子水平,记录随访期间复发情况。结果：观察组的临床总有效率较对照组高（P<0.05）。观察组术后3个月的直肠感觉阈、直肠耐受量高于对照组,直肠-肛管压力差低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后7 d的血清C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白介素-6（IL-6）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后3个月的肛周出血评分、 肛缘水肿评分、肛周瘙痒评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的复发率较对照组更低（P<0.05）。结论：混合痔患者在PPH术后给予地奥司明治疗,可明显改善术后症状和机体肛肠动力学,并降低血清炎症因子水平,同时还可减少复发率,临床疗效值得肯定。     

Reduction malarplasty

Reduction malarplasty is one of the common aesthetic procedures performed in the Orient, although it is rarely performed in the West. Previously described techniques for malar reduction include shaving the prominent portion and contouring the outer surface of the malar complex utilizing a variety of surgical approaches. We describe a technique for malar reduction involving a coronal approach followed by either an in situ transposition osteoplasty or the removal of the malar complex and contouring of the bone with replacement as a free bone graft. We have performed this procedure on 94 patients with good results.     

Bacterial Indigo Reduction

We have examined bacterial indigo reduction to provide a basis for the development of a sustainable alternative to the present chemical methods used to reduce indigo for denim dyeing. Indigo was reduced by Clostridium isatidis, but not by the related Clostridium aurantibutyricum, Clostridium celatum nor Clostridium papyrosolvens. However C. papyrosolvens could, like C. isatidis, reduce the soluble dye, indigo carmine. Of the bacteria examined only the supernatant from C. isatidis cultures decreased indigo particle size. An anthraquinone-rich madder root extract, the soluble anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid and humic acid all stimulated the reduction of indigo by C. isatidis, without affecting the redox potential of the cultures. C. isatidis cultures generated redox potentials from ?476 to ?602 mV vs SCE, which were about 100 mV more negative than those of the other bacteria examined. The mechanism of bacterial indigo reduction remains unknown, but the unique features of the indigo-reducing C. isatidis indicate possible mechanisms.     

Bacterial Indigo Reduction

We have examined bacterial indigo reduction to provide a basis for the development of a sustainable alternative to the present chemical methods used to reduce indigo for denim dyeing. Indigo was reduced by Clostridium isatidis, but not by the related Clostridium aurantibutyricum, Clostridium celatum nor Clostridium papyrosolvens. However C. papyrosolvens could, like C. isatidis, reduce the soluble dye, indigo carmine. Of the bacteria examined only the supernatant from C. isatidis cultures decreased indigo particle size. An anthraquinone-rich madder root extract, the soluble anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid and humic acid all stimulated the reduction of indigo by C. isatidis, without affecting the redox potential of the cultures. C. isatidis cultures generated redox potentials from -476 to -602 mV vs SCE, which were about 100 mV more negative than those of the other bacteria examined. The mechanism of bacterial indigo reduction remains unknown, but the unique features of the indigo-reducing C. isatidis indicate possible mechanisms.     

Topical Fat Reduction

The fat on women's thighs is more difficult to mobilize due to increased α-2 adrenergic receptor activity induced by estrogen. Lipolysis can be initiated through adipocyte receptor stimulation (β adrenergic) or inhibition (adenosine or α-2 adrenergic) or by inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Since many women desire regional thigh fat loss, a series of clinical trials were initiated using one thigh as a double-blinded control. Trial #1: Five overweight women had injections of isoproterenol at intervals around the thigh three times a week for 4 weeks with diet and walking. Trial #2: Five overweight woman had ointment containing forskolin, yohimbine and aminophylline applied to the thigh five times a week for 4 weeks after hypertonic warm soaks with a diet and walking. Trial #3: Eighteen overweight women were divided into three groups of six and trial #2 was repeated with each agent alone vs. placebo using forskolin, yohimbine or aminophylline in separate ointments. Trial #4: Thirty overweight women had 10% aminophylline ointment applied to the thigh five times a week for 6 weeks with diet and walking. Chemistry panel, theophylline level and patch testing wereperformed. Trial#5: Twelve women had trial #4 repeated with 2% aminophylline cream without a diet or walking. Trial #6: Trial #5 was repeated with 0.5% aminophylline cream. All trials except yohimbine ointment gave significantly more girth loss from the treated thigh (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Chemistry panel showed no toxicity. Theophylline was undetectable and patch testing was negative. We conclude that topical fat reduction for women's thighs can be achieved without diet or exercise.     

Hazard Reduction in Nanotechnology

The release of hazardous substances is a matter of concern for nanotechnology. This may include some nanoparticles, reactants, by‐products, and solvents. The use of low‐hazard solvents may reduce the hazards from nanoparticle production and nanomaterial processing. The hazards of inorganic nanoparticles may be reduced by modifying their chemical composition, surface characteristics, or structure. In nanomedicine, optimizing the balance between persistence and excretion and preventing the release of toxic degradation products may reduce hazard. In applications of fixed inorganic nanoparticles, the focus should be on preventing the release of such particles and of hazardous compounds during the product life cycle. When, after exhaustion of known hazard reduction options, significant hazard remains, other approaches merit consideration.     

Thermophilic Microbial Metal Reduction

Thermophilic microorganisms can reduce Fe(III), Mn(IV), Cr(VI), U(VI), Tc(VII), Co(III), Mo(VI), Au(I, III), and Hg(II). Ferric iron and Mn(IV) can be used as electron acceptors during growth; the physiological role of the reduction of the other metals is unclear. The process of microbial dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) is the most thoroughly studied. Iron-reducing prokaryotes have been found in virtually all of the recognized types of terrestrial ecosystems, from hot continental springs to geothermally heated subsurface sediments. Thermophilic iron reducers do not belong to a phylogenetically homogenous group and include representatives of many bacterial and archaeal taxa. Iron reducing thermophiles can couple Fe(III) reduction with oxidation of a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic compounds. In the thermophilic microbial community, they can fulfil both degradative and productive functions. Thermophilic prokaryotes probably carried out global reduction of metals on Earth in ancient times, and, at the same time, they are promising candidates for use in modern biotechnological processes.     

Nitrite Reduction in Reconstituted and Whole Spinach Chloroplasts during Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Nitrite reduction in either whole, isolated spinach chloroplasts (Spinacia oleracea L.) or in reconstituted spinach chloroplasts is stimulated by a short period of photosynthetic CO₂ fixation in the light prior to nitrite addition. With reconstituted chloroplasts, a similar stimulation can be obtained in nitrite reduction without CO₂ fixation by the addition of dihydroxyacetone phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate. Specific intermediate metabolites of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle may have a regulatory role in nitrite reduction in chloroplasts in the light.