慢性牙周炎患者血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1和miR-769-5p水平表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨慢性牙周炎患者血清和龈沟液长链非编码核糖核酸肺腺癌转移相关转录子1（LncRNA MALAT1）和微小RNA-769-5p（miR-769-5p）水平表达及其临床意义。方法：选择2020年6月~2023年7月我院收治的慢性牙周炎患者117例纳入观察组,根据慢性牙周炎患者的病情严重程度分为轻度组39例、中度组42例和重度组36例,另选取117例健康志愿者纳入对照组。对比对照组、观察组血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1和miR-769-5p表达水平。对比不同病情严重程度血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1和miR-769-5p表达水平、血清和龈沟液炎症指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）]水平、牙周指标[牙周袋深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、龈沟出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）]。采用Pearson相关性分析法分析慢性牙周炎患者炎症指标、牙周指标和血清和龈沟液miR-769-5p、LncRNA MALAT1表达水平的相关性。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1、miR-769-5p对慢性牙周炎的诊断价值。结果：观察组血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）,血清和龈沟液miR-769-5p表达水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。轻度组的血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平及IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、PD、AL、SBI、PLI低于中度组（P＜0.05）,中度组低于重度组（P＜0.05）;血清和龈沟液miR-769-5p表达水平轻度组高于中度组（P＜0.05）,中度组高于重度组（P＜0.05）。慢性牙周炎患者血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平与IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、PD、AL、SBI、PLI呈正相关（P＜0.05）,血清和龈沟液miR-769-5p表达水平与IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、PD、AL、SBI、PLI呈负相关（P＜0.05）,血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平与miR-769-5p表达水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。血清LncRNA MALAT1、miR-769-5p及联合检测诊断慢性牙周炎的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.800、0.743和0.877;龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1、miR-769-5p及联合检测诊断慢性牙周炎的AUC分别为0.786、0.849和0.891。结论：慢性牙周炎患者血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平升高,miR-769-5p表达水平降低,可加重炎症反应和牙周炎症状,血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1、miR-769-5p联合检测对慢性牙周炎具有较高的诊断价值。     

血清STAT3、HIF-3α的表达对早产儿视网膜病变病情严重程度的预测价值

摘要 目的：分析血清信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）、低氧诱导因子3α（HIF-3α）的表达对早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）病情严重程度的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析2021年4月-2022年4月在我院进行诊治的ROP早产儿80例,根据病情严重程度分为ROP轻度组（n=40）和ROP重度组（n=40）,并选取同期健康早产儿为对照组（n=40）。比较不同组别之间的血清STAT3、HIF-3α水平差异,采用Pearson检验分析血清STAT3、HIF-3α水平与ROP病情严重程度之间的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选出预测ROP的危险因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析各项危险因素预测ROP病情严重程度的价值。结果：ROP轻度组、ROP重度组血清STAT3、HIF-3α水平均高于对照组,且ROP重度组高于ROP轻度组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性检验显示,血清STAT3、HIF-3α水平与ROP病情严重程度均呈正相关（r=0.812、0.796,P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清STAT3、HIF-3α水平是ROP病情严重程度的独立危险因素（OR=3.706、3.219,P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清STAT3、HIF-3α水平变化在预测ROP病情严重程度中具有极高的价值。结论：随着病情加重,ROP患儿血清STAT3、HIF-3α水平升高,该两项指标在预测ROP患者病情中具有极高的价值,可用于评估病情严重程度。     

miR-1165-3p、miR-145水平在支气管哮喘患者中的表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨微小RNA（MicroRNA,miR）-1165-3p、miR-145水平在支气管哮喘患者中的表达及其临床意义。方法：收集2021年1月-2022年3月中国人民解放军总医院第六医学中心62例支气管哮喘患者作为研究组,其中轻度急性发作27例,中度急性发作22例,重度急性发作13例。另收集同时期、同年龄段30例健康体检者作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）检测各组血清miR-1165-3p、miR-145表达水平。采用Spearman相关分析不同程度支气管哮喘患者与血清miR-1165-3p、miR-145之间的相关性。通过受试者工作特征（ROC）分析血清miR-1165-3p、miR-145表达水平对不同程度支气管哮喘的诊断效能。结果：与对照组相比,研究组中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、嗜酸性粒细胞、总免疫球蛋白E（IgE）水平显著升高,第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）占预测值百分比（FEV₁%）则显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不同严重程度支气管哮喘患者（轻度、中度、重度）血清miR-1165-3p、miR-145表达水平均高于健康对照组,支气管哮喘越严重,其表达水平越高,且组间、组内比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,miR-1165-3p、miR-145、IL-6表达水平与哮喘严重程度呈正相关（P＜0.05）,FEV₁%与哮喘严重程度呈负相关（P＜0.05）,嗜酸性粒细胞、总IgE与哮喘严重程度无相关性（P＞0.05）。对轻度、中度、重度急性支气管哮喘发作的诊断效能显示：血清miR-1165-3p的曲线下面积（AUC）（0.95CI）分别为3.085（0.326～29.221）、0.712（0.611～0.829）、0.755（0.602～0.948）。血清miR-145的AUC（0.95CI）分别为0.833（0.708～0.979）、0.754（0.590～0.964）、0.816（0.671～0.993）。结论：血清miR-1165-3p、miR-145表达水平具有较高的诊断效能,支气管哮喘越严重,诊断的特异性越高,可作为支气管哮喘严重程度的无创诊断指标。     

血清miR-34b-5p、miR-155表达与早产儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征炎症因子和预后的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清微小核糖核酸（miR）-34b-5p、miR-155表达与早产儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）炎症因子和预后的关系。方法：选择2019年2月至2021年3月我院收治的92例ARDS早产儿,根据ARDS病情严重程度将其分为轻度组（31例）、中度组（43例）和重度组（18例）,追踪患儿临床结局,根据院内死亡情况将其分为存活组（51例）和死亡组（41例）。检测所有患儿的血清miR-34b-5p、miR-155表达水平以及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平,比较各组间上述指标差异,分析ARDS早产儿血清miR-34b-5p、miR-155表达与炎症因子的相关性以及miR-34b-5p、miR-155预测ARDS早产儿预后的价值。结果：重度组miR-155表达水平及IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均高于中度组和轻度组,且中度组高于轻度组（P＜0.05）,重度组miR-34b-5p表达水平低于中度组和轻度组,且中度组低于轻度组（P＜0.05）。死亡组miR-155表达水平及IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平高于存活组（P＜0.05）,死亡组miR-34b-5p表达水平低于存活组（P＜0.05）。ARDS早产儿miR-155表达水平与IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均呈正相关,而miR-34b-5p表达水平与IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均呈负相关（P＜0.05）。联合miR-34b-5p、miR-155预测ARDS早产儿死亡的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.853,高于两指标单独预测的0.688、0.649。结论：ARDS早产儿血清miR-34b-5p、miR-155表达水平与患儿血清炎症因子水平以及预后有关,可作为ARDS早产儿病情评估以及预后预测的潜在指标。     

肝硬化患者的免疫功能障碍与血清壳多糖酶3样蛋白1表达的关系

摘要 目的：探究肝硬化患者的免疫功能障碍与血清壳多糖酶3样蛋白1（CHI3L1）表达关系。方法：招募2018年2月至2020年8月在我院就诊的160例肝硬化患者。通过Child-Pugh评分对肝病的严重程度进行分组,轻度组（n=73）和重度组（n=87）。在本院健康检查中心招募60例年龄相仿且无任何明显疾病或感染的人员作为对照组。并检测CHI3L1蛋白表达、CHI3L1浓度、MR浓度、CD3⁺T、CD25⁺T和CD69⁺T水平以及血浆细胞因子的浓度。结果：对照组较轻度和重度组AST、ALT浓度升高,且轻度组较重度组升高（P<0.05）。Cr血清浓度各组比较无差异（P>0.05）。轻度组中93.15 %患者为Child-Pugh A,重度组中全部为Child-Pugh B/A。重度组较轻度组肝硬化程度严重（P<0.05）。重度组和轻度组较对照组CHI3L1蛋白表达升高,重度组较轻度组升高（P<0.05）。重度组和轻度组血清CHI3L1水平较对照组升高（P<0.05）,重度组较轻度组升高（P<0.05）。重度组和轻度组血清CD163和甘露糖受体（MR）水平较对照组升高（P<0.05）,重度组较轻度组升高（P<0.05）。重度组和轻度组血清CD3⁺T、CD25⁺T和CD69⁺T水平较对照组升高,重度组血清较轻度组升高（P<0.05）。重度组和轻度组白细胞介素（IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和干扰素（IFN-γ）浓度较对照组升高,重度组较轻度组升高（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析,提示患者血清CHI3L1、MR、CD3⁺T、CD25⁺T、CD69⁺T与患者肝硬化程度相关（P<0.05）。结论：肝硬化患者中血清CHI3L1与肝硬化严重程度呈正相关,CHI3L1促进T细胞活化、增殖和炎性细胞因子的分泌,这导致加重了免疫介导的肝损伤和纤维化的发展。     

妊娠期糖尿病肾功能损害患者血清miR-135b、miR-141表达水平的变化及意义

摘要 目的：探讨血清miR-135b、miR-141在妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）肾功能损害患者中的表达及作用。方法：选取2019年3月至2020年12月在我院就诊的GDM患者200例作为GDM组,根据有无肾功能损伤分为GDM组（n=83）和GDM肾功能损伤组（n=117）,再将肾病患者根据尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（UACR）分为轻度65例、中度37例和重度15例。另选择同期在我院产检的正常妊娠孕妇100例为对照组。测定孕妇血清中miR-135b、miR-141水平及肾功能指标,Pearson法分析GDM肾病患者血清miR-135b、miR-141与肾功能指标的相关性。采用非条件Logistic 多元回归分析GDM肾功能损伤的危险因素。结果：GDM肾功能损伤组孕妇血清miR-135b、miR-141表达水平高于GDM组和对照组,GDM组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。GDM肾功能损伤组肌酐（Scr）、β₂-微球蛋白（β₂-MG）、UCAR表达水平高于GDM组和对照组,肾小球滤过率（eGFR）低于GDM组和对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。血清miR-135b、miR-141表达水平与Scr、β₂-MG、UCAR呈正相关（P<0.05）,与eGFR呈负相关（P<0.05）。肾功能重度损伤孕妇血清miR-135b、miR-141表达水平明显高于肾功能中度损伤和轻度损伤孕妇,且肾功能中度损伤明显高于轻度损伤（P<0.05）。非条件 Logistic 多元回归分析结果显示,miR-135b、miR-141表达水平是孕妇GDM发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：GDM肾功能损伤患者血清miR-135b、miR-141水平异常升高,且随着肾功能损害的加重其水平逐渐增加,可为GDM肾功能损伤的预测和治疗提供一定参考。     

血清miR-203、miR-217表达与急性髓系白血病患者预后的关系

摘要 目的：探究血清miR-203、miR-217表达与急性髓系白血病(AML)患者预后的关系。方法：选择2010年4月至2014年4月我院诊治的101例AML患者作为AML组,AML组根据治疗效果进一步分为完全缓解组和复发组,选择同期在我院体检的101例健康者作为健康组。采用荧光定量PCR检测各组的血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平,分析血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平与患者临床病理特征的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析不同血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平AML患者的预后。结果：与健康组相比,AML组的血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平明显更低（P<0.05）。与完全缓解组相比,复发组的血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平明显更低（P<0.05）。血清miR-203表达水平与AML患者白细胞计数相关（P<0.05）,而血清miR-217表达水平与AML患者血小板计数相关（P<0.05）。血清miR-203相对高表达和miR-217相对高表达的AML患者5年生存率分别高于血清miR-203相对低表达和miR-217相对低表达患者（Log Rank ^miR-203 =17.870,Log Rank ^miR-217 =28.926,均P=0.000）。结论：血清miR-203、miR-217的表达水平与AML密切相关,检测血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平可能有助于评估AML患者的预后。     

阿尔茨海默病血清miR-137、miR-138表达与认知功能损害和外周血淋巴细胞PI3K/Akt信号通路的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者血清微小核糖核酸（miR）-137、miR-138表达与认知功能损害和外周血淋巴细胞磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶（PI3K/Akt）信号通路的关系。方法：选取2020年1月至2022年5月青岛大学附属医院神经内科收治的95例AD患者（AD组）,根据临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）评分将患者分为轻度组（1分,35例）、中度组（2分,42例）、重度组（3分,18例）,另选取63例体检健康志愿者为对照组。检测AD组、对照组血清miR-137、miR-138表达水平以及外周血淋巴细胞PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白表达,采用简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估认知功能。分析血清miR-137、miR-138与MMSE、MoCA评分以及外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白基因（Bax）表达的相关性。结果：AD组血清miR-137水平、外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平及MMSE、MoCA评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）,血清miR-138、外周血淋巴细胞Bax蛋白表达水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。重度组血清miR-137水平、外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平及MMSE、MoCA评分低于中度组和轻度组（P＜0.05）,且中度组低于轻度组（P＜0.05）;重度组血清miR-138、外周血淋巴细胞Bax蛋白表达水平高于中度组和轻度组（P＜0.05）,且中度组高于轻度组（P＜0.05）。AD患者血清miR-137水平与MMSE、MoCA评分、外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2蛋白表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与外周血淋巴细胞Bax蛋白表达呈负相关（P＜0.05）;AD患者血清miR-138水平与MMSE、MoCA评分、外周血淋巴细胞PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2蛋白表达呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与外周血淋巴细胞Bax蛋白表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：AD患者的血清miR-137表达水平降低、miR-138表达水平增高,与认知功能障碍有关,且miR-137、miR-138可能通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路参与AD发病过程。     

miR-19靶向PTEN并介导HMGB1影响小鼠动脉粥样硬化进程的机制研究

摘要 目的：探究miR-19靶向PTEN并介导HMGB1影响小鼠动脉粥样硬化进程的机制研究。方法：SPF级C57BL/6J ApoE^-/-雄性小鼠根据研究目的将实验小鼠分为对照组、AS模型组和miR-19抑制剂组。通过RT-PCR分析小鼠主动脉组织中miR-19的mRNA表达。通过蛋白印迹分析小鼠主动脉PTEN、HMGB1和AKT的蛋白表达。通过荧光素酶活性检测miR-19a与PTEN的靶向关系。通过组织学和红油O染色分析小鼠胸腹主动脉和主动脉窦中的AS斑块面积。通过RT-PCR分析小鼠主动脉主动脉弓内膜中促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的mRNA表达。通过蛋白印迹分析主动脉弓内膜中ICAM-1和VCAM-1的蛋白表达。结果：AS模型组miR-19mRNA表达较对照组升高（P<0.05）,miR-19抑制剂组miR-19mRNA表达较AS模型组降低（P<0.05）。AS模型组PTEN蛋白表达较对照组降低,HMGB1和AKT蛋白表达较对照组升高（P<0.05）,miR-19抑制剂组PTEN蛋白表达较AS模型组升高,miR-19抑制剂组HMGB1和AKT蛋白表达较AS模型组降低（P<0.05）。AS模型组主动脉和主动脉窦的斑块面积较对照组增加（P<0.05）,miR-19抑制剂组主动脉和主动脉窦的斑块面积较AS模型组减少（P<0.05）。AS模型组TNF-α、IL-β、IL-6和CXCL2的mRNA表达较对照组升高（P<0.05）,miR-19抑制剂组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-β和CXCL2的mRNA表达较AS模型降低（P<0.05）。AS模型组ICAM-1和VCAM-1的蛋白表达较对照组升高（P<0.05）,miR-19抑制剂组ICAM-1和VCAM-1的蛋白表达较AS模型组降低（P<0.05）。结论：miR-19通过靶向调控PTEN表达激活HMGB1/PI3K/Akt信号通路,这可能会促进VSMCs的异常增殖、迁移和炎症反应,有助于AS的进展。     

早产儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征血清1,25-(OH)2D3、PGRN、SIRT1、CTRP3水平与炎症反应和预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨不同病情严重程度早产儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）血清1,25-二羟维生素D₃（1,25-(OH) ₂D₃）、颗粒体蛋白前体（PGRN）、沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1（SIRT1）、C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3（CTRP3）的变化，分析其与炎症反应和预后的关系。方法：选择2018年10月至2019年12月安徽省妇幼保健院收治的ARDS早产儿100例作为ARDS组，另选取同期在我院出生的健康新生儿60例作为对照组。根据《"新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征"蒙特勒标准（2017年版）》的病情判定标准将ARDS早产儿分为轻度组（n=40）、中度组（n=32）、重度组（n=28），比较不同病情严重程度ARDS早产儿血清1,25-(OH) ₂D₃、PGRN、SIRT1、CTRP3、炎症反应指标肿瘤坏死子因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平变化，采用Pearson法分析ARDS早产儿血清1,25-(OH) ₂D₃、PGRN、SIRT1、CTRP3与炎症反应指标的相关性。另根据ARDS组患儿预后情况分为预后良好组（n=65）和预后不良组（n=35），采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响ARDS早产儿预后不良的危险因素。结果：ARDS组血清1,25-(OH) ₂D₃、SIRT1、CTRP3、PGRN水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05），ARDS组血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。不同病情严重程度ARDS早产儿血清1,25-(OH) ₂D₃、PGRN、SIRT1、CTRP3、炎症反应指标比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ARDS早产儿血清1,25-(OH) ₂D₃、PGRN、SIRT1、CTRP3水平与TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平呈负相关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，低出生体重、肺表面活性物质（PS）使用次数≥3次、出现低白蛋白血症是影响ARDS早产儿预后不良的危险因素（P<0.05），血清1,25-(OH)2D3（较高）、PGRN（较高）、SIRT1（较高）、CTRP3（较高）是ARDS早产儿预后不良的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：血清1,25-(OH) ₂D₃、PGRN、SIRT1、CTRP3可能参与ARDS早产儿的炎症反应过程，与ARDS早产儿的病情进展及预后密切相关，检测血清1,25-(OH) ₂D₃、PGRN、SIRT1、CTRP3有助于评估ARDS早产儿的预后。     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

The efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the caesarean section and the effect on the vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in caesarean section and vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women.MethodsA total of 480 lying-in women who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between December 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled into this study as the subjects, which were divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 240 subjects in each group. In the experiment group, subjects received the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL ropivacaine (0.75%), while those in the control group also took the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL bupivacaine (0.75%). Thereafter, we observed the differences in the anesthetic efficiency, vital signs and hemodynamics of the lying-in women between two groups.ResultsThe excellent and good rates of the anesthesia in two groups were 92.1% and 87.9%, showing no obvious difference; in the experiment group, the average arterial pressures and systolic pressures at 5 min and 10 min after combined spinal and epidural analgesia (CSEA) were all elevated when comparing to the control group (all P < 0.05); in the experiment group, the onset time was obviously extended, while duration of sensory and motor block and the duration of motor block were all shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During anesthesia, the incidence rate of the adverse reactions in the control group was 2.50%, significantly higher than 0.83% in the experiment group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite that ropivacaine and bupivacaine are efficient in anesthesia in the CSEA in the caesarean section, ropivacaine is more recommended for little influence on the hemodynamics, shorter duration of sensory block and motor block and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, which are conducive to the recovery and also safe to the patients.