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1.
In humans as well as in most farm animals, monozygotic twins have been described. Nevertheless, only a few reports of twinning in the pig have been published. It has been suggested that monozygotic twins are formed during the first 14 days of pregnancy. This monozygotic twin study includes the investigation of porcine monochorionic embryos from 76 sows at days 26–29 post-insemination (p.i.), as well as an examination of 10 whole litters at days 21–22 p.i. In the former group, 29% of the sows carried monochorionic embryos. Based on DNA profiling using microsatellite markers, one monozygotic twin pair was found among these embryos. In the latter group, three monozygotic twin pairs were identified. Thus, it can be concluded that although the occurrence of monozygotic twins in pigs is a sporadic event, the fusion of extra-embryonic membranes is relatively common.  相似文献   

2.
    
When a human being comes into existence is crucial in bioethics. Conceptionism is the view that a human being comes into existence at conception. The twinning argument is an influential objection to this view. All versions of the twinning argument rely on a metaphysics of material objects, namely, endurantism. Given this, a strategy for defending conceptionism against the twinning argument is to deny endurantism and adopt an alternative metaphysics of material objects. A version of this strategy which has been debated in this journal is to adopt perdurantism, or the ‘multiple occupancy view’, on which monozygotic twins share the zygote region as a temporal part. We present a novel version of this strategy: conceptionists can evade the twinning argument by adopting an exdurantist metaphysics of material objects. We suggest reasons for thinking that this is a plausible and, indeed, preferable way for conceptionists to avoid the twinning argument.  相似文献   

3.
利用高代回交和分子标记辅助选择建立水稻单片段代换系   总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34  
以水稻品种华梗籼74为受体,以6个水稻品种为供体.通过高代回交和微卫星标记辅助选择相结合的方法,建立了水稻的一个单片段代换系群体。该群体Fh86个单片段代换系组成,其中52个在BC3F2中获得,34个在BC3F3中获得。每个单片段代换系只含有来自一个供体的一个染色体代换片段,而遗传背景与华粳籼74相同。这些单片段代换系的代换片段分布于水稻的12条染色体,代换片段的长度为1.5~56.3cM,平均长度为23.0cM。全部代换片段在水稻基因组上的覆盖率为57.1%。  相似文献   

4.
微卫星DNA标记技术及其在遗传多样性研究中的应用   总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27       下载免费PDF全文
微卫星DNA的高突变率、中性、共湿性及其在真核基因组中的普遍性,使其成为居群遗传学研究、种质资源鉴定、亲缘关系分析和图谱构建的优越的分子标记。本研究系统介绍了微卫星DNA在结构和功能上的特点,并对微卫星DNA标记技术应用的遗传学机理和一般方法进行了扼要的阐述。另外,本研究还探讨了微卫星DNA标记技术在遗传多样性研究中的应用现状,并进一步提出其发展前景。  相似文献   

5.
金志民  杨春文  刘铸 《四川动物》2007,26(4):963-967
微卫星DNA作为一种分子标记,以其诸多优点被认为是各类遗传标记中最有价值的一种。目前已被广泛应用于鸟类的研究中。本文介绍了微卫星DNA标记的分布特点、突变机制和作为分子标记的特点,并综述了微卫星DNA标记在鸟类的亲权分析及种类鉴定、遗传图谱构建及基因定位、物种进化历史揭示和遗传多样性研究中应用现状。  相似文献   

6.
Nie H  Li Q  Kong L 《Animal genetics》2012,43(3):290-297
Centromere mapping is an essential prerequisite for our understanding of the composition and structure of genomes. For centromere mapping, in two meiogynogenetic families of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), we screened 97 microsatellite markers that cover all linkage groups from a currently available abalone linkage map. Microsatellite analysis showed that no unique paternal allele was found in all gynogenetic progeny, which confirmed 100% success of induction of gynogenesis. In the control crosses, all 97 microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance, while in meiogynogenetic progeny, 5.2% of the microsatellite loci showed segregation distortions from an expected 1:1 ratio of two homozygote classes. The second division segregation frequency of the microsatellites ranged from 0.037 to 0.950 with a mean of 0.399, indicating the existence of interference. Heterogeneity among linkage groups in the crossover distribution was observed. Centromere location was mostly in accordance with the abalone karyotype, but differences in marker order between linkage and centromere maps occurred. Information on the positions of centromeres in relation to the microsatellite loci will represent a contribution towards assembly of genetic maps in the commercially important abalone species.  相似文献   

7.
利用微卫星标记评估大豆重组近交系NJRIKY   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
分离群体的构建及其合理性评估是遗传作图等基因组研究的基础,利用 SSRs标记以对科丰1号为母本、南农1138-2为父本构建的大豆RILs群体NJRIKY进行了分析评估。随机选取覆盖大豆基因组的138对SSRs引物对两个亲本进行多态性筛选分析,86对具有多态性,多态率高达约62.23%,共计90个多态位点。进一步利用具多态性的SSRs位点对供试群体的分析表明不仅绝大多数位点符合1:1分离比,而且各家系也趋于纯合。该RISs群体各家系的基因型组成近似正态分布,是一种适于遗传作图及其他基因组研究理想的RILs群体  相似文献   

8.
利用微卫星标记分析不同鹅种的遗传变异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘双  李鹏  宋屹  李士泽  韦春波  杨焕民 《遗传》2006,28(11):1389-1395
应用微卫星标记技术以6个品种鹅(东北白鹅、籽鹅、皖西白鹅、豁眼鹅、莱茵鹅、朗德鹅)为实验材料分析不同品种鹅的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离DS, 结果表明: 7个微卫星位在6种鹅群体中均表现为高度多态性, 可作为有效的遗传标记来分析各鹅群体的遗传多样性和系统发生关系。实验各群体的杂合度均较高, 平均杂合度在0.6617(莱茵鹅)~0.8814(籽鹅)之间。各品种的PIC值变动大小在0.6145(莱茵鹅)~0.7846(籽鹅)这与杂合度的高低一致。依据DS遗传聚类进行UPGMA聚类分析结果6个品种被分为2类: 国内地方品种东北白鹅、籽鹅、豁眼鹅及皖西白鹅为一类; 外来鹅种莱茵鹅与朗德鹅为一类。表明微卫星标记可准确地反映6个品种的亲缘关系及其所在地域分布上的差异, 适宜于群体遗传结构及遗传关系的研究, 是畜禽遗传多样性研究与保护的有效分析手段。  相似文献   

9.
概述了分子标记技术,就其中的微卫星标记技术的原理、方法与特点进行了介绍,重点就该技术在家蚕中的研究进展进行了综述,并展望了该技术在家蚕的遗传分析、辅助选择育种等应用中的前景。  相似文献   

10.
兔(AG)n微卫星DNA富集文库的构建与鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:微卫星遗传标记具有数量大、分布广且多态信息含量高等优点,因而被广泛用于动植物遗传图谱的构建、QTL定位、标记辅助选择及亲缘关系鉴定等领域。方法:采用亲和捕捉法。结果:构建了兔(AG)n微卫星DNA序列的富集文库,文库含重组克隆4 850个,其中含有(AG)n微卫星DNA序列的阳性克隆占66.7%。  相似文献   

11.
利用SRY基因和微卫星标记鉴定反刍动物性别   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
张秀华  吴登俊 《遗传》2006,28(2):133-138
以反刍动物为研究对象,应用多重PCR技术扩增绵羊基因组中X、Y染色体上的4个微卫星标记和SRY基因, 根据基因型进行性别鉴定,试图通过一次DNA扩增同时提供性别鉴定和基因分型的信息。结果表明所设计SRY基因的引物具有高度特异性,是性别鉴定的主要依据,而Y染色体上的MCM158、MAF45两标记由于特异性不好,因此不适用于性别鉴定,对于X染色体上所选的两标记MILVET09和AE25只能进一步验证所鉴定的雄性个体。得出结论在被检个体中,能同时扩增出SRY基因、MCM158、MAF45,X染色体上MILVET09和AE25,且X染色体上的MILVET09、AE25基因型为纯合子的个体为正常的雄性;被检个体中只有Y染色体上MCM158、MAF45和X染色体上MILVET09、AE25的扩增产物,而没有SRY基因的扩增产物,则被检个体为雌性,且MILVET09、AE25的基因型对雌性个体的性别判断无影响。MCM158、MAF45两标记基因型不影响个体的性别鉴定结果。
  相似文献   

12.
利用典型的籼稻南京11号、典型的粳稻秋光对16个水稻株系的亲和性进行了测定,测交结果表明,NLl73、NL15、NL61、NL67、NL82和NL279表现亲籼性,NL208表现亲粳性,NL78表现一定广亲和性,其余株系与籼、粳测验种杂交育性都不高。根据测交结果选择不同育性的株系用分布于12条染色体上的前人证明籼粳稻间有多态性的56个微卫星标记进行分析,在微卫星标记聚类分析基础上计算梗型性判别值Dj,并据此把NL173、NLl5、NL78、NL58判别为偏籼型,而NL208为偏粳型。综合亲和性测交结果和分子标记分析结果发现,在亲和性测交中表现亲籼的2个株系NL173、NL15分子标记判别为偏籼类型,杂交亲和性表现亲粳的株系NL208分子标记判断为偏粳类型,表现广亲和特性的株系NL78被分子标记判别为偏籼类型,与测验种杂交育性均不高的NL58分子标记判别为偏籼型。  相似文献   

13.
东平湖麦穗鱼群体遗传结构的微卫星标记分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用微卫星标记技术,采用26对鲤微卫星引物对山东东平湖麦穗鱼进行全基因组扫描.结果表明,有13对引物能获得稳定的特异性条带(占总数的50%),其中有6个微卫星位点具有多态性(占总数的23.1%).6个多态位点共检测到22个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数从2个到7个不等,大小在80~406bp之间;平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.5115,平均观测杂合度(H0)为0.6812,平均期望杂合度(HE)为0.5775.研究结果表明,东平湖麦穗鱼群体遗传多样性较丰富,种群结构合理,种质资源处于安全状态.  相似文献   

14.
用商品群作为参考系构建猪的微卫星连锁图谱   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
由 19头杂种公猪 [皮特兰× (皮特兰×汉普夏 ) ]、5 2头杂种母猪 [Leicoma× (大约克×长白 ) ]及其 332头后代组成的商品群作为参考系 ,选择 172个微卫星标记和 3个Ⅰ类标记 (RYR1、PIT1、PRKAG3)对参考系的个体进行遗传标记分型 ,应用CRIMAP(2 4 )构建猪的整个基因组微卫星连锁图谱。采用多重PCR方法对微卫星标记进行扩增 ,用ABI 377测序仪进行电泳分离 ,应用Genescan 3 0和Genotyper 2 0软件进行基因型检测。 3个Ⅰ类标记用PCR RFLP技术进行分型。CRIMAP程序分析表明 :所构建的猪常染色体性平均连锁图谱的总长度为 2 36 8 7cM ,X染色体的长度为 14 3 10cM ,遗传标记的平均间距为 16 3cM ,亲本的微卫星标记座位的杂合度平均为 0 70。此连锁图谱的构建将为商品猪群的生长、胴体、肉质以及繁殖性状的QTL扫描打下基础。  相似文献   

15.
银鲫种内的遗传标记及其在选种中的应用   总被引:26,自引:9,他引:26  
用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳分析了银鲫和异育银鲫的血清蛋白和肝脏酯酶,发现这两种鱼的血清蛋白和肝脏酯酶各具有4种不同的表型。由同一母本银鲫繁殖的子代——银鲫或异育银鲫,具有与母本相同的表型,只是在异育银鲫的肝脏酯酶谱型中另有一些无规律的变化,显然这是异源精子的作用所致。此外,这4种不同表型的鱼具有不同的生长能力,其差距最大可达50%.这些结果表明,天然雌核发育的银鲫种内含有若干个不同的雌核发育系,这对于开展银鲫的选育研究具有重要的实践意义。  相似文献   

16.
17.
以广东徐闻金碧公司养殖场、广西北海营盘镇养殖场和南海水产研究所海南实验基地3个合浦珠母贝养殖群体为对象,利用8个微卫星位点M1、M2、M3、M4、M5、M6、M7、M8的引物进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明:8个微卫星标记位点在3个养殖群体中共检测到58个等位基因,观测等位基因数为2~9个,平均有效等位基因数3.72~5.06,平均观察杂合度0.41~0.56,平均期望杂合度0.67~0.75,3个群体的平均多态信息含量PIC值为0.62~0.70,全部为高度多态(PIC≥0.5),表明这几个合浦珠母贝养殖群体目前仍具有较高的遗传多样性,遗传信息丰富,遗传变异大,可以作为良好的育种材料;在这3个养殖群体中,南海水产研究所海南实验基地的养殖群体的遗传多样性最高,广西北海营盘镇养殖群体遗传多样性最低,这一结果可以为今后选择育种、种质保护提供可资借鉴的资料.
Abstract:
By using eight mierosatellite loci (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7 and MS), the genetic diversity of three Pinctada fucata populations from the pearl farms in Xuwen of Guang-dong and Beihai of Guangxi, and from the experimental base of South China Sea Fisheries Re-search Institute in Hainan was studied. A total of fifty eight alleles of these eight microsatellite lo-ci were detected, among which, the observed allele number was 2-9, average effective allele number was 3.72-5.06, average observed population heterozygosity was 0. 41-0. 56, and aver-age observed expected heterozygosity was 0. 67-0. 75. All the three populations had a polymor-phie information content (PIC) of 0. 62-0.70, suggesting their high polymorphism (PIC > 0. 5). Among the three populations, the cultured population from the experimental base of South China Sea Fisheries Institute had the highest polymorphism, and that from Beihai of Guangxi had the lowest one. These results provided useful information for the selective breeding and germplast conservation of P. Fucata.  相似文献   

18.
    
Linkage analysis can be problematic in humans because of the lack of large, multigenerational pedigrees and the difficulties in obtaining phenotypic data on all family members. In contrast, large, captive colonies of rhesus macaque are a potentially valuable resource for linkage studies because detailed phenotypic and genealogical data are kept, inbreeding is avoided, and DNA samples can usually be obtained. Microsatellite marker sets for genome-wide screening are available in a number of species, but not for the rhesus macaque. We tested primers to 400 human microsatellite markers from a genome-wide mapping set using DNA from nine unrelated female rhesus macaques. We found that 76 (19%) of the primers amplified a polymorphic product using the standard protocols for human DNA. The average heterozygosity of the markers in humans was 0.80, compared to 0.65 in the rhesus macaques. This study provides preliminary data, which could be used toward the development of a linkage mapping set in this species. There would be a need, however, to confirm the Mendelian inheritance of the markers.  相似文献   

19.
Nine polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers from the sorghum plant bug, Stenotus rubrovittatus, were isolated and characterized. These markers were used to analyse 22 individuals from a single field population. The number of alleles at these nine loci ranged from two to 28 (mean = 11.4) and heterozygosity ranged from 0.27 to 0.86 (mean = 0.58). Stenotus rubrovittatus has shown rapid population growth in the decades since the first report in the 1980s of serious damage to a rice crop. These microsatellite markers will be of value for studying both the population genetics and population dynamics of S. rubrovittatus.  相似文献   

20.
波尔山羊9个微卫星标记与产羔性状的关联研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
选择与绵羊高繁殖力主效基因FecB和FecX紧密连锁的5个微卫星标记BM1329, BM143, OarHH55, TGLA68和LSCV043, 和其他4个微卫星标记ETH225, INRA063, BM1225和MAF0214, 分析研究其与波尔山羊产羔数的关联。结果表明: 所研究的9个波尔山羊微卫星基因座均为高度多态性基因座(PIC > 0.5)。找到与波尔山羊产羔性状显著相关的等位基因计12个。其中与波尔山羊第一胎产羔数有显著正效应的等位基因3个: BM143的120 bp和108 bp, ETH225的183 bp; 与波尔山羊第一胎产羔数有显著负效应的等位基因8个: BM1329的216 bp、BM143的110 bp、BM1225的255 bp和239 bp、INRA063的175 bp、177 bp和189 bp, ETH225的163 bp。与波尔山羊第二胎产羔数有显著正效应的等位基因1个: TGLA68的115 bp。  相似文献   

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