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1.
Korey J. Brownstein Mahmoud Gargouri William R. Folk David R. Gang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):133
Introduction
Botanicals containing iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides are used worldwide for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions that are primary causes of human years lived with disability, such as arthritis and lower back pain.Objectives
We report the analysis of candidate anti-inflammatory metabolites of several endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus used medicinally by peoples of North America.Methods
Leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed in MetaboAnalyst 3.0 after processing the datasets in Progenesis QI.Results
Comparison of the datasets revealed significant and differential accumulation of iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides in the tissues of the endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus.Conclusions
Our investigation identified several species of pharmacological interest as good sources for harpagoside and other important anti-inflammatory metabolites.2.
3.
Aims
Forests induce a mechanical reinforcement of soil, generally quantified in terms of additional root cohesion (c r ), which decreases due to root decay after felling. The aim of this work is providing new field data on soil reinforcement by roots after trees cutting.Methods
The present work investigated c r decay in a mixed Silver Fir-Norway Spruce (Abies alba Mill. Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand in the Italian Alps over a period of 3 years after felling by monitoring the two c r driving variables: root tensile resistance and root density.Results
Results showed that a significant difference in root resistance occurred only 3 years after felling, whereas the decrease in the number of roots was significant in the second year. The degradation process was more rapid in shallower layers and for thinner roots, as a consequence of the pattern of biological activity rate. The reduction of c r after felling was, for a reference profile depth of 70 cm, 55 % in the first 2 years and another 16 % in the third year.Conclusions
The findings of this study, providing new data on the decrease of c r after felling, can be introduced into geotechnical models allowing a better estimation of the stability of forest hillslopes.4.
Chih-Yueh Liu Chang-Ching Weng Chih-Hsiang Lin Chiou-Ying Yang Kwok-Kong Tony Mong Yaw-Kuen Li 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(3):407-413
Objectives
A Neissaria bacterial pilus sugar, bacillosamine, was synthesized and, for the first time, used as a probe to screen a single-chain variable fragment (scFv).Results
Four Neisseria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria sicca and Neisseria subflava, and two negative controls, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were tested through ELISA, immunostaining and gold nanoparticle immunological assay. All results indicated that the selected scFv is feasible for the specific detection of Neisseria species via the recognition of bacillosamine.Conclusions
The recombinant scFv could detect Neisseria strains at 106 CFU/ml.5.
Objective
Palladised cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Shewanella oneidensis have been reported as fuel cell electrocatalysts but growth at scale may be unattractive/costly; we have evaluated the potential of using E. coli, using H2/formate for Pd-nanoparticle manufacture.Results
Using ‘bio-Pd’ made under H2 (20 wt%) cyclic voltammograms suggested electrochemical activity of bio-NPs in a native state, attributed to proton adsorption/desorption. Bio-Pd prepared using formate as the electron donor gave smaller, well separated NPs; this material showed no electrochemical properties, and hence little potential for fuel cell use using a simple preparation technique. Bio-Pd on S. oneidensis gave similar results to those obtained using E. coli.Conclusion
Bio-Pd is sufficiently conductive to make an E. coli-derived electrochemically active material on intact, unprocessed bacterial cells if prepared at the expense of H2, showing potential for fuel cell applications using a simple one-step preparation method.6.
Hongyun Liu Ping Zhan Jinlong Shi Guojing Wang Buqing Wang Weidong Wang 《Biomedical engineering online》2018,17(1):184
Background
Phase-rectified signal averaging (PRSA) was often applied to assess the cardiac vagal modulation. Despite its broad use, this method suffers from the confounding effects of anomalous variants of sinus rhythm. This study aimed to improve the original PRSA method in deceleration capacity (DC) quantification.Methods
The refined deceleration capacity (DCref) was calculated by excluding from non-vagally mediated abnormal variants of sinus rhythms. Holter recordings from 202 healthy subjects and 51 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been used for validity. The DCref was compared to original DC (DCorg) by the area under receiver operating characteristic curve.Results
Experimental results demonstrate that the original and refined DCs calculated from 24-h, 2-h, and 30-min Holter recordings are significantly lower in patients with ESRD than those in the healthy group. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the DCref provides better performance than the DCorg in distinguishing between the patients with ESRD and healthy control subjects. Furthermore, the refined PRSA technique enhances the low frequency and attenuates high frequency components for spectral analysis in ESRD patients.Conclusions
The DCref appears to reduce the influence of non-vagally mediated abnormal variants of sinus rhythm and highlighting the pathological influence. DCref, especially assessed from short-term electrocardiography recordings, may be complementary to existing autonomic function assessment, risk stratification, and efficacy prediction strategies.7.
Thais Freitas da Silva Renata Estebanez Vollú Joana Montezano Marques Joana Falcão Salles Lucy Seldin 《Plant and Soil》2017,414(1-2):69-79
Background
The fungus Colletotrichum is a plant pathogen that causes the anthracnose disease, resulting in huge losses in various crops including the rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Although the bacterial community associated with plants has an important role in the establishment of plant diseases, little is known about what happens in P. graveolens.Aims
To increase the knowledge about the bacterial community associated with P. graveolens and its relationship with anthracnose disease symptoms.Methods
Quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing were combined to determine the presence of the fungus Colletotrichum and to reveal the bacterial communities associated with different plant parts – root, stem and leaf – and in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, and also to determine the respective bacterial communities associated with P. graveolens leaves symptomatic and asymptomatic for anthracnose disease.Results
The fungus Colletotrichum was detected in all plant parts and in the surrounding soil. Bacterial communities varied spatially in plants, and the disease symptoms also influenced the composition of the bacterial community. Abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria and to the genus Streptococcus were greatly increased in asymptomatic leaves.Conclusions
The bacterial community associated to geranium leaves responds to anthracnose symptoms.8.
Zahra Ghasemi Seyed Majid Ghaderian Beatriz Rodríguez-Garrido Ángeles Prieto-Fernández Petra Susan Kidd 《Plant and Soil》2018,425(1-2):265-285
Aims
To investigate the effects of fertilization and bacterial inoculation on the growth, health and Ni phytoextraction capacity of three Ni-hyperaccumulators, Odontarrhena bracteata, O. inflata and O. serpyllifolia.Methods
Plants were grown for three months in serpentine soil fertilized with inorganic NPK or amended with cow manure and inoculated with five rhizobacterial strains (previously isolated from O. serpyllifolia). Shoot and root dry weight (DW) yields, Ni accumulation and removal, nutritive status and stress indicators were determined.Results
Plants grown in manure-amended soil showed significantly higher DW yields, improved nutritive status and higher total Ni phytoextracted. Some bacterial inoculants enhanced Ni removal due to the stimulation in growth and/or increase in shoot Ni concentration but this depended on the plant species, soil type and inoculant. Pseudoarthrobacter oxydans strain SBA82 enhanced shoot DW yield of all three Odontarrhena spp. in at least one soil type. Paenarthrobacter sp. strain LA44 and Stenotrophomonas sp. strain MA98 promoted growth of O. serpyllifolia and O. bracteata. Inoculated plants showing growth promotion presented lower activities of antioxidative enzymes, and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, indicating a protective effect of these inoculants on the plants.Conclusion
Rhizobacterial inoculants applied in combination with manure can improve plant growth and health, and Ni phytoextraction, in some hyperaccumulating Odontarrhena spp.9.
Yibin Zhuang Jingjie Jiang Huiping Bi Hua Yin Shaowei Liu Tao Liu 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(4):619-627
Objectives
To produce rosmarinic acid analogues in the recombinant Escherichia coli BLRA1, harboring a 4-coumarate: CoA ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana (At4CL) and a rosmarinic acid synthase from Coleus blumei (CbRAS).Results
Incubation of the recombinant E. coli strain BLRA1 with exogenously supplied phenyllactic acid (PL) and analogues as acceptor substrates, and coumaric acid and analogues as donor substrates led to production of 18 compounds, including 13 unnatural RA analogues.Conclusion
This work demonstrates the viability of synthesizing a broad range of rosmarinic acid analogues in E. coli, and sheds new light on the substrate specificity of CbRAS.10.
Aiqin Zhang Wei Zang Xiyang Zhang Yangyang Ma Xiufeng Yan Qiuying Pang 《Plant and Soil》2016,409(1-2):175-202
Background and aims
Soil salinization with high pH condition is a major abiotic stress to plant growth and crop productivity. Helianthus tuberosus L. is an important stress tolerant plant and can survive in the saline-alkali soil and semiarid areas. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of alkali stress on H. tuberosus through global proteomics analysis and improve understanding of the alkalinity resistance of plants.Methods
H. tuberosus seedlings were exposed to different level alkali stress for 7 days. Protein profiling was quantified by conducting MS-based comparative proteomics analysis. RT-PCR study was carried out to analyze the mRNA expression levels of candidate alkali stress response proteins.Results
The response of H. tuberosus to alkali stress was detected at both physiological and molecular levels. 104 differentially expressed proteins from H. tuberosus leaves response to Na2CO3 treatment were successfully identified. Functional categorization of these identified proteins showed that the accumulation level of proteins involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle, PSI system, ROS scavenging and signal transduction increased under alkali stress.Conclusions
Based on the observation of plant growth and the investigation of molecular regulation, H.tuberosus could resist certain alkali stress by modulating carbohydrate metabolism and redox homeostasis. These findings provide a new sight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of alkali resistance in plant.11.
12.
Marie GB Hansen Mette Christoffersen Line R Thuesen Morten R Petersen Anders M Bojesen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):3
Background
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are able to infect horses. However, the extend to which Danish horses are infected and seroconvert due to these two bacteria is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum in Danish horses.Methods
A total of 390 blood samples collected from all major regions of Denmark and with a geographical distribution corresponding to the density of the Danish horse population were analyzed. All samples were examined for the presence of antibodies against B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum by the use of the SNAP®4DX ® ELISA test.Results
Overall, 29.0% of the horses were seropositive for B. burgdorferi sensu lato whereas 22.3% were seropositive for A. phagocytophilum.Conclusions
Antibodies against B burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum are commonly found among Danish horses thus showing that Danish horses are frequently infected by these organisms.13.
Introduction
Cellulose microfibril is a major cell wall polymer that plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. The gene cellulose synthase A (CesA), encoding cellulose synthases, is involved in the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils. However, the regulatory mechanism of CesA gene expression is not well understood, especially during the early developmental stages.Objective
To identify factor(s) that regulate the expression of CesA genes and ultimately control seedling growth and development.Methods
The presence of cis-elements in the promoter region of the eight CesA genes identified in flax (Linum usitatissimum L. ‘Nike’) seedlings was verified, and three kinds of ethylene-responsive cis-elements were identified in the promoters. Therefore, the effect of ethylene on the expression of four selected CesA genes classified into Clades 1 and 6 after treatment with 10?4 and 10?3 M 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was examined in the hypocotyl of 4–6-day-old flax seedlings.Results
ACC-induced ethylene either up- or down-regulated the expression of the CesA genes depending on the clade to which these genes belonged, age of seedlings, part of the hypocotyl, and concentration of ACC.Conclusion
Ethylene might be one of the factors regulating the expression of CesA genes in flax seedlings.14.
Objectives
To enhance acid tolerance of Candida glabrata for pyruvate production by engineering AMP metabolism.Results
The physiological function of AMP deaminase in AMP metabolism from C. glabrata was investigated by deleting or overexpresseing the corresponding gene, CgAMD1. At pH 4, CgAMD1 overexpression resulted in 59 and 51% increases in biomass and cell viability compared to those of wild type strain, respectively. In addition, the intracellular ATP level of strain Cgamd1Δ/CgAMD1 was down-regulated by 22%, which led to a 94% increase in pyruvate production. Further, various strengths of CgAMD1 expression cassettes were designed, thus resulting in a 59% increase in pyruvate production at pH 4. Strain Cgamd1Δ/CgAMD1 (H) was grown in a 30 l batch bioreactor at pH 4, and pyruvate reached 46.1 g/l.Conclusion
CgAMD1 overexpression plays an active role in improving acid tolerance and pyruvate fermentation performance of C. glabrata at pH 4.15.
Margarita Stritzler Ana Diez Tissera Gabriela Soto Nicolás Ayub 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(9-10):1419-1423
Objectives
Identification of novel microbial factors contributing to plant protection against abiotic stress.Results
The genome of plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens FR1 contains a short mobile element encoding a novel type of extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymerase (PhbC) associated with a type I secretion system. Genetic analysis using a phbC mutant strain and plants showed that this novel extracellular enzyme is related to the PHB production in planta and suggests that PHB could be a beneficial microbial compound synthesized during plant adaptation to cold stress.Conclusion
Extracellular PhbC can be used as a new tool for improve crop production under abiotic stress.16.
BACKGROUND
Microbes affect the growth of plants. In this study, the diversity and plant growth-supporting activities of wheat rhizospheric bacteria were examined.METHODS
Sampling was performed thrice at different phases of plant growth. Microbes associated with the rhizoplane of three wheat varieties (Seher, Lasani, and Faisalabad) were cultured and assessed for their plant growth-promoting abilities based on auxin production, hydrogen cyanide production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation.RESULTS
Bacterial load (CFU/mL) declined, and the succession of bacterial diversity occurred as the plants aged. Most auxin-producing bacteria and the highest concentrations of auxin (77 μg/mL) were observed during the second sampling point at the tillering stage. The Seher variety harbored the most auxin-producing as well as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Most of the bacteria belonged to Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Planomicrobium, Serratia, Rhizobium, Brevundimonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Exiguobacterium sp. were also found.CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the rhizoplane microbiota associated with higher-yield plant varieties have better plant growth-promoting abilities as compared to the microbiota associated with lower-yield plant varieties.17.
Nicole Werner Miriam Dreyer Wenke Wagner Nicolas Papon Steffen Rupp Susanne Zibek 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(3):429-438
Objectives
To explore Candida guilliermondii for the production of long-chain dicarboxylic acids (DCA), we performed metabolic pathway engineering aiming to prevent DCA consumption during β-oxidation, but also to increase its production via the ω-oxidation pathway.Results
We identified the major β- and ω-oxidation pathway genes in C. guilliermondii and performed first steps in the strain improvement. A double pox disruption mutant was created that slowed growth with oleic acid but showed accelerated DCA degradation. Increase in DCA production was achieved by homologous overexpression of a plasmid borne cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene.Conclusion
C. guilliermondii is a promising biocatalyst for DCA production but further insight into its fatty acid metabolism is necessary.18.
Pei Han Yong Huang Yumin Xie Wu Yang Wenying Xiang Peter J. Hylands Cristina Legido-Quigley 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(7):91
Introduction
In spite of advances in antibiotics, urinary tract infection (UTI) is still among the most common reasons for antibiotic medication worldwide. Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H.Gross (P. capitata) is a herbal medicine used by the Miao people in China to treat UTI. However studies of its mechanism are challenging, owing to the complexity of P. capitata with multiple constituents acting on multiple metabolic pathways.Objective
The objective of this study was to explore the working mechanism of P. capitata on urinary tract infection.Methods
Relinqing® granule, which is solely made from aqueous extracts of the whole P. capitata plant, was used in this study. Urine metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was employed to assess the metabolic changes caused by administration of Relinqing® granule in a UTI mouse model. Female specific-pathogen-free Kunming mice were divided into control group (mock infection, saline treatment), model group (E.coli infection, saline treatment), Relinqing® group (E.coli infection, Relinqing® granule treatment), ciprofloxacin group (E.coli infection, ciprofloxacin treatment), and sham-Relinqing® group (no surgery, Relinqing® granule treatment).Results
The results showed that after the treatments, urine levels of itaconic acid in Relinqing® group increased by 4.9 fold and 11.3 fold compared with model and ciprofloxacin groups respectively. Itaconic acid is an endogenous antibacterial metabolite produced by macrophages, which also functions as a checkpoint for metabolic reprogramming of macrophage.Conclusion
Our findings suggest that this herbal medicine can cure urinary tract infection through modulation of immune system.19.
Background
This study estimates atrial repolarization activities (Ta waves), which are typically hidden most of the time from body surface electrocardiography when diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. The morphology of Ta waves has been proven to be an important marker for the early sign of inferior injury, such as acute atrial infarction, or arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation. However, Ta waves are usually unseen except during conduction system malfunction, such as long QT interval or atrioventricular block. Therefore, justifying heart diseases based on atrial repolarization becomes impossible in sinus rhythm.Methods
We obtain TMPs in the atrial part of the myocardium which reflects the correct excitation sequence starting from the atrium to the end of the apex.Results
The resulting TMP shows the hidden atrial part of ECG waves.Conclusions
This extraction makes many diseases, such as acute atrial infarction or arrhythmia, become easily diagnosed.20.
Lili Wei Leixi Cao Yanyan Miao Shuju Wu Shumei Xu Ruisheng Wang Jun Du Aihua Liang Yuejun Fu 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(8):1129-1139