C57BL／6J小鼠ES细胞系的建立及其特性分析

本文报道从C57BL/6J个鼠的囊胚中,建立了三个ES细胞系MESPU17,MESPU18,MESPU19。这些细胞的细胞学特征和强AKP反应,表明这三个细胞系具有干细胞的特征。这三个细胞系均为XY型,正常二倍体核型分别占70％、88％和59％。体外分化可形成简单类胚,体内分化可形成瘤块。与国际上通用的CCE和来自129/ter的ES细胞MESPU13相比,这三个细胞系的ES细胞较大;在体外培养时,生长较慢;细胞也较粘,进行显微注射时,很容易粘在注射针壁上。MESPU17,MESPU18进行了嵌合体制作,以BALB/c和昆明鼠的囊胚为受体,采用囊胚注射法未获嵌合体,但使用昆阴鼠的8细胞胚注射法和共培养法得到嵌合体。     

从C57BL/6J小鼠胚胎中分离ES细胞系(英文)

ＥＳ细胞（ＥｍｂｒｙｏｎｉｃＳｔｅｍＣｅｌｓ）是来源于小鼠早期胚胎的细胞系,它可以在体外大量培养而不失去其发育的多潜能性。ＥＳ细胞不仅可以用来制作转基因动物,而且能够作为载体进行基因打靶等多种研究。目前,国际上常用的胚胎干细胞系都是来源于１２９小鼠的胚胎。因而,有必要探讨用其它品系小鼠建立ＥＳ系。１９９１年,Ｌｅｄｅｒｍａｎｎ等人首次报道从Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ小鼠胚胎中建成了ＥＳ细胞系,但是没有对建立的细胞系进行特性分析。国内柴桂萱等人虽然做了特性分析,但是他们所建细胞系的细胞直径较大,生长速度较慢,不同于常见的ＥＳ细胞系。我们从Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ品系小鼠胚胎中共分离了四个ＥＳ细胞系,分别命名为ＣＥ１、ＣＥ２、ＣＥ３、ＣＥ４（Ｆｉｇ．１ａ＆ｂ）。这四个细胞系核型正常率均达到７０％以上。我们检查了ＣＥ２细胞的分化能力,当将ＣＥ２细胞注入同基因型小鼠的皮下后,获得的畸胎瘤（Ｆｉｇ．３）组织切片检查的结果表明：该细胞能够分化成多种组织（Ｆｉｇ．２）。我们也研究了ＥＳ细胞的嵌合能力,用ＩＣＲ小鼠胚胎作为受体胚胎,采用囊胚显微注射法构建嵌合鼠。在幸存的幼鼠中我们获得了来源于ＣＥ２细胞的嵌合鼠（Ｔａｂｌｅ１,Ｆｉｇ．４）。综     

从构建的小鼠gDNA文库中筛选Sry基因

从Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ公鼠脾脏组织抽提大分子ＤＮＡ,进行ＭｂｏＩ部分酶切,低熔点琼脂糖凝胶分离、回收酶切后所需长度的ＤＮＡ片段并与λＧＥＭ○Ｒ－１１ＢａｍＨＩ臂进行连接和λ噬菌体体外包装反应,构建成Ｃ５７公鼠基因组λ噬菌体文库,对实验中遇到的技术问题进行了探讨,比较了两种浓度连接产物的包装效率,并成功地从该文库中筛选到含Ｓｒｙ基因的单克隆     

Transglutaminase 3 expression in C57BL／6J mouse embryo epidermis and the correlation with its differentiation

Epidermal-type transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is involved in the cross-linking of structural proteins to form the cornified envelope in the epidermis. In the present study, we detected the expression of TGM3 in the mouse embryo using RT-PCR.TGM3 mRNA is weakly presented from E11.5 to E14.5 and increases significantly from E15.5 to birth. Then we determined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of TGM3 in the skin and other organs by in situ hybridization. We found a deprivation of TGM3 in skin at E11.5, while a rich supply in periderm cells and a weak expression in basal cells from E12.5 to E14.5. From the period of E15.5 to E16.5, after keratinization in the epidermis, TGM3 was expressed in the granular and cornified layers. The electron microscopic observation of the C57BL/6J mouse limb bud skin development provided several morphological evidences for the epidermal differentiation. The above findings suggest that the expression of TGM3 plays a important role in the epidermis differentiation in embryogenesis.     

小鼠动物实验方法系列专题(三) 三硝基苯磺酸诱导的C57/BL6小鼠结肠炎模型的建立方法

2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型是研究人类炎性肠病(inflammatory bowl disease,IBD)的主要手段之一,但在实际应用中,常用的C57/BL品系小鼠却对TNBS有较高耐受性,不易建模。本文主要介绍一种可以有效诱导C57/BL6小鼠TNBS结肠炎的方法,并对疾病评价指标进行了具体的描述。对基因工程小鼠IBD模型的研究具有重要意义。     

基于体视显微镜观察两种鼠氟斑牙的形态变化

目的:通过对染氟大鼠和小鼠氟斑牙的观察,进一步确定氟斑牙作为慢性氟中毒的诊断指标的重要性。方法:通过不同浓度和不同时间的氟染毒,利用数码体视显微镜观察Wistar大鼠和C57BL/6J小鼠氟斑牙的形态变化。将Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,共计32只,分笼饲养,C57BL/6J小鼠4组,每组12只,共计48只,分8笼饲养。对照组:蒸馏水组,实验组三组:氟化钠分别为50 mg/L组,100 mg/L组和150 mg/L组。在染氟至6个月时,应用在体视显微镜观察大鼠和小鼠牙齿的动态改变。结果:染氟组Wistar大鼠和C57BL/6J小鼠牙齿均出现规则的斑纹、白垩状、延迟断裂、缺损等症状。随着染氟时间的延长,C57BL/6J小鼠氟斑牙的损伤程度大于Wistar大鼠。在慢性氟中毒大鼠和小鼠的牙齿变化中发现,大鼠和小鼠的牙齿变化程度与种属有着密切的关系。结论:通过利用体视显微镜对Wistar大鼠和C57BL/6J小鼠染氟6个月进行氟斑牙的观察分析,为慢性氟中毒鼠模型提供氟斑牙的形态学的详实依据。并且,可根据研究需要适宜选择氟斑牙的动物模型。     

Sample preparation project for the subcellular proteome of mouse liver

Organelle proteome has become one of the most important fields of proteomics, and the subcellular fractionation with high purity and yield has always been a challenge for cell biologists and also for the Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP). The liver of a C57BL/6J mouse was chosen as the model to find the optimum method for subcellular preparation. The method we selected could obtain the multiple fractions including plasma membrane, mitochondria, nucleus, ER, and cytosol from a single homogenate. With the same procedure, it is for the first time that the preparation method of frozen homogenized livers was compared with that of the fresh livers and frozen livers. We systematically evaluated the purity, efficiency, and integrity by protein yield, immunoblotting, and transmission electron microscopy. Taken together, the method of multiple fractions from a single tissue is effective enough for subcellular fractionation of mouse liver. We give a selective sample preparation method for frozen homogenized livers, for rare clinical samples, which cannot easily be used for subcellular separation immediately. But the frozen livers are not recommended for organelles isolation. This result is especially useful for sample preparation of human liver for subcellular fractionation of HLPP.     

博来霉素诱导G57BL/6与ICR小鼠肺间质纤维化模型的比较

目的探讨C57BL/6与ICR小鼠在博来霉素(BLM)致肺纤维化过程中的种属差异。方法 8周龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠19只,ICR小鼠16只,分别经尾静脉一次性注射BLM150mg/kg,观察每组小鼠体重、生存率及肺组织病理改变。结果①C57BL/6与ICR小鼠最低体重分别发生在静脉注射处置后的7d和5d,最低体重分别为注射前的65.46%和73.21%,两组间无显著的统计学差异。②C57BL/6与ICR小鼠的生存率分别为36.84%和56.25%,两组间存在显著的统计学差异。③C57BL/6小鼠BLM注射后28d,在胸膜下及血管周围形成广泛、稳定的间质纤维化病理改变,而ICR小鼠肺组织未见明显纤维化形成。C57BL/6小鼠肺纤维化病理评分明显高于ICR小鼠(P0.001)。结论 BLM诱导的肺纤维化作用在C57BL/6与ICR小鼠间存在着明显的种属差异。C57BL/6小鼠较ICR小鼠更适于复制博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化动物模型。     

高脂饮食加低剂量链脲霉素建立小鼠2型糖尿病模型

目的高脂饮食加低剂量链脲霉素（Streptozotocin,STZ）建立小鼠2型糖尿病模型。方法5周的雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为正常饲料组、正常饲料加STZ组、高脂饲料组和高脂饲料加STZ组。相应饲料喂养5周后,按照100 mg/Kg的剂量腹腔注射STZ,然后继续喂养4周。在第5周和第9周末测定小鼠的体重、收缩压、血糖、血胰岛素、血甘油三脂和胆固醇水平。结果STZ注射前各组小鼠的体重、血压、血糖、血胰岛素、血脂和血甘油三脂无明显差异（P〉0.05）。STZ注射后4周时,高脂饲料加STZ组小鼠的体重、血糖、血胰岛素、血压和血脂水平明显升高（P〈0.05）;而其他三组的这些指标无明显改变或仅部分升高。结论高脂饮食加低剂量链脲霉素可建立小鼠2型糖尿病模型,该模型具有人2型糖尿病的主要表型特征和相似的发病过程。     

三个近交系C57BL/6J小鼠群体微卫星遗传变异分析(英文）

应用微卫星遗传标记对近交系C57BL/6J(B6)小鼠遗传稳定性进行分析。用FAM标记的引物PCR扩增了来自北京和上海三个实验动物生产单位提供的三个B6小鼠群体共15个微卫星位点并进行分型。结果显示,所有位点均处于纯合状态,其中7个位点为多态位点。研究表明各B6群体虽然为高度近交群体,但不同生产单位维持的B6群体之间存在遗传分化。     

重症肌无力小鼠模型的建立

目的建立重症肌无力小鼠模型。方法电鳗乙酰胆碱受体(TnAChR)和完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)混合物免疫C57BL/6J小鼠,经二次加强免疫后,检测肌力、腓肠肌肌电图、膈肌终板电镜、血清抗体水平等指标。结果与对照小鼠相比,发病小鼠表现出肌力减弱的症状,肌电图显示小鼠腓肠肌复合动作电位振幅幅度显著下降,电镜证实神经肌接头处突触后膜变平、皱褶减少、空泡样变性,发病小鼠血清抗体水平明显升高。结论成功建立了重症肌无力小鼠模型,有助于探讨其发病机理及探索治疗自身免疫病新的途径和方法。     

不同剂量MOG抗原免疫诱导小鼠自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型的比较

目的比较不同剂量髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein,MOG35-55)免疫诱导C57BL/6小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)的作用。方法将C57BL/6小鼠分为正常组和三组不同剂量MOG35-55诱导的EAE模型组,共4组。模型组分别以每只200、100、50μg的MOG35-55与完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund s adjuvant,CFA)混合的乳化抗原皮下注射免疫诱导EAE模型,正常组以生理盐水替代。观察不同剂量MOG35-55对C57BL/6小鼠体重、发病率以及神经功能评分等影响,同时取小鼠脑和脊髓,利用光镜和透射电镜观察小鼠病理组织学改变。结果三组不同剂量MOG35-55均能诱导EAE模型,发病率为100%,呈慢性单相病程,病理学观察发现小鼠脑和脊髓有炎性细胞浸润、脱髓鞘及轴突损伤等改变。但小剂量组在体重减轻、临床症状评分及病理学改变等方面均较中、大剂量组明显。结论用MOG35-5550μg剂量免疫诱导的C57BL/6小鼠EAE模型稳定,可在今后的研究中应用。     

Littermate Influence on Infant Growth in Mice: Comparison of SJL/J and ICR as Cotransferred Carrier Embryos

In mice, a minimum number of healthy embryos is required to trigger and maintain pregnancy. Therefore, when recovering mouse embryos from a limited litter, one useful technique is to transfer carrier ICR embryos along with the embryos of interest, a technique referred to as cotransfer. In this study, we examined suitable mouse strains for cotransfer with C57BL/6J (B6) embryos in regards to the maintenance of pregnancy, number of pups born, intrauterine growth, and postnatal growth. Because the coat color of B6 is black, we compared two white coat-colored strains, SJL/J and ICR. Cotransfer of SJL/J and ICR embryos had similar effects on maintenance of pregnancy, number of pups born, and intrauterine growth. However, the postnatal growth of B6 mouse pups cotransferred and grown with SJL/J pups was better than for B6 mouse pups cotransferred and grown with ICR pups, suggesting competition among littermates. These results demonstrate that cotransfer of SJL/J embryos will be useful not only as carrier embryos with B6-background embryos but also as a model system to examine littermate competition.     

Strain variation in response to lung ischemia: role of MMP-12

Background

Systemic neovascularization of the lung during chronic ischemia has been observed in all mammals studied. However, the proteins that orchestrate the complex interaction of new vessel growth and tunneling through lung tissue matrix have not been described. Although previous work has demonstrated the CXC chemokines are essential growth factors in the process of angiogenesis in mice and rats, key matrix proteins have not been identified.

Methods

Since the degradation of chemokines has been shown to be dependent on metalloproteinases (MMP), we first surveyed gene expression patterns (real time RT-PCR) of several lung matrix proteins in DBA/J (D2) mice and C57Bl/6 (B6) mice, strains known to have divergent parenchymal responses in other lung disease models. We studied changes in the time course of MMP-12 activity in D2 and B6 mice. Functional angiogenesis was determined 14 days after the onset of complete left lung ischemia induced by left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL), using fluorescent microspheres.

Results

Our results confirmed higher levels of MMP-12 gene expression in D2 mice relative to B6, which corresponded to a phenotype of minimal systemic angiogenesis in D2 mice and more robust angiogenesis in B6 mice (p < 0.01). MMP-12 activity decreased over the course of 14 days in B6 mice whereas it increased in D2 mice (p < 0.05). MMP-12 was associated largely with cells expressing the macrophage marker F4/80. Genetic deficiency of MMP-12 resulted in significantly enhanced neovascularization (p < 0.01 from B6).

Conclusion

Taken together, our results suggest macrophage-derived MMP-12 contributes to angiostasis in the ischemic lung.