The cytology of oxalis dispar (brown)

Summary The chromosome complement ofOxalis dispar 2n = 12 consists of a pair of submedian (SM) chromosomes, three subterminal (ST) and seven telocentric (TE) chromosomes. At mitosis and meiosis the TE chromosomes are as efficient and stable as the other chromosomes of the complement. Chromosome breakage at the centromere in the metacentric chromosomes may give rise to new TE chromosomes. It is suggested that all the TE chromosomes may have arisen from metacentric chromosomes in this way. They may have been favoured because of the deleterious nature of the discarded chromosome arms.     

The blood-testis barrier in Aphanius dispar (Teleostei)

Summary Thin sections of normal testes from the cyprinodont Aphanius dispar were studied by electron microscopy after intravascular injection of live specimens with horseradish peroxidase. The intercellular space in the spermatogenic cysts is marked differently by the tracer according to the degree of differentiation of the germ cells. Spermatogonia and gonocytes undergoing meiosis are surrounded by a dark band of the marker. This band gradually disappears during spermiogenesis. In cysts containing ripe spermatozoa, the marker penetrates a short distance between the bases of adjoining Sertoli cells bordering the cysts, but is arrested by tight junctional complexes near the lumina of the cysts. The tight junctions between the Sertoli cells provide a permeability barrier between the vascular spaces of the stroma and the lumina of ripe cysts.Abbreviations BM basement membrane - BTB blood-testis barrier - HRP horseradish peroxidase This research was supported by a grant from the National Council for Research and Development, Israel, and the GKSS Geesthacht-Tesperhude, Federal Republic of Germany     

Characterisation of three Alphabaculovirus isolates from the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in Turkey

In this study, Lymantria dispar dispar larvae, collected from three different localities in Turkey, were examined for the presence of inclusion bodies under phase contrast and electron microscopes. Inclusion bodies from infected larvae were subjected to polymerase chain reaction using the conserved primers for polyhedrin (polh), late expression factor 8 (lef-8) and late expression factor 9 (lef-9) genes. Sequence analysis confirmed that larvae collected from the three different localities contained multiple nucleopolyhedrosis viruses (MNPVs). These isolates were designated LdMNPV-T1, LdMNPV-T2 and LdMNPV-T3. Phylogenetic analyses of these isolates were performed using target genes polh, lef-8 and lef-9. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the three geographic isolates with EcoRI and PstI enzymes demonstrated some differences existed among the isolates. According to the EcoRI profile, the mean estimated size for the complete genome of each isolate (LdMNPV-T1, LdMNPV-T2 and LdMNPV-T3) was calculated to be approximately 170, 153 and 170?kb, respectively. Insecticidal activities of each isolate were tested on L. d. dispar larvae using four different viral concentrations between 10³ and 10⁶?OBs/ml. Results showed that the mortalities for LdMNPV-T1, -T2 and -T3 ranged between 13–53%, 47–100% and 46–93%, respectively. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ values of LdMNPV-T2 were not significantly different from the respective corresponding values of the other two isolates. However, isolate LdMNPV-T2 killed larvae with a LC₅₀ value that was lower than the other two isolates. Our results suggested there are promising LdMNPV isolates in Turkey that can be used for microbial control of L. d. dispar larvae.     

A new egg-parasite of gipsy mothLymantria dispar (L.)

Summary Species ofScelionidae, parasiting in eggs ofLymantria dispar (L.) are mentioned and the results of use of these parasites are added. A new egg-parasite of gipsy moth —Hadronotus lymantriae n.sp. — is described. A key to Scelionid egg-parasites living inLymantria dispar (L.) is given. Attention is drawn to the fact thatH. bernardi Manev. is a nomen nudum. Finally, the author discusses the phylogenetical and taxonomical internal relations inHadronotus Foerst.

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Résumé L'auteur mentionne les différentes espèces de Scélionides parasites des œufs deLymantria dispar (L.) et rappelle les résultats obtenus par l'utilisation de ces parasites. Un nouveau parasite des œufs de ce Bombyx,Hadronotus lymantriae n. sp., est décrit. Il est montré en outre queH. bernardi Manev. doit être considérénomen nudum. Enfin l'auteur discute les relations phylogéniques et taxonomiques des espèces du genreHadronotus Foerst.

     

Cytotoxic coumarins from Calophyllum dispar

Six coumarins have been isolated from the fruits and the stem bark of Calophyllum dispar (Clusiaceae). The structures of these minor components were established by means of spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 2D NMR studies. Some of these coumarins exhibited a significant cytotoxic activity against KB cells.     

Characterization of Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

Characterization of the proteins and nucleic acid of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated in Ithaca, N.Y. (LdNPV-IT) is presented. A total of 29 viral structural proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis when the virus was isolated in the absence of alkaline protease activity. Fourteen surface envelope viral proteins were identified by lactoperoxidase iodination. Eleven proteins were associated with nucleocapsids prepared by Nonidet P-40 detergent treatment. Distinct alterations of viral proteins were documented when virions were purified in the presence of occlusion body-associated alkaline protease(s). Restriction enzyme digests of viral DNA indicated that this isolate was composed of a large number of genetic variants. On the basis of the major molar fragments resulting from EcoRI, BamHI, BglII, and HindIII digests, the molecular weight of the LdNPV genome was approximately 88 × 10⁶.     

Hybrids of Aphanius dispar and Aphanius mento (Cyprinodontidae: Pisces)

The results of reciprocal hybridization of Aphanius mento and Aphanius dispar are reported. The offspring were examined individually and compared with the parents. It was found that the female hybrids are closer to A. dispar , while the males are closer to A. mento.     

绿原酸提高舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒(LdNPV)的致病力

【目的】明确绿原酸(chlorogenic acid,CA)对舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒Lymantria dispar necleopolyhydrovirus(Ld NPV)致病力的影响,为舞毒蛾的防治提供参考依据。【方法】采用食料给毒法进行生物测定,测定舞毒蛾2龄幼虫对单独Ld NPV及添加绿原酸的Ld NPV(CA+Ld NPV)的剂量及致死时间响应。【结果】CA+Ld NPV与单独Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的剂量及时间响应间有显著差异,二者对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为161.8 OBs/μL(95%的置信区间为105.6~235.3 OBs/μL)和264.4 OBs/μL(95%的置信区间为178.6~384.0 OBs/μL),前者对舞毒蛾的致病力较后者强。CA+Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致死中时间(LT_(50))较Ld NPV的短,当Ld NPV浓度为590 OBs/μL,CA+Ld NPV及Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的LT_(50)分别为9.9 d和12.3 d;当Ld NPV浓度为5 900 OBs/μL时,则LT_(50)分别为6.9 d和8.0 d。绿原酸降低了Ld NPV对舞毒蛾幼虫的致死中浓度,缩短了致死中时间。【结论】绿原酸可提高Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致病力,其机理有待进一步研究。     

Lek behavior in hypercephalic Zygothrica dispar Wiedemann (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

In the Neotropical drosophilid secies Zygothrica dispar the males, many of which are hypercehalic, engage in territorial fights on mushrooms. In an attempt to see whether head width effects mating success, lek behavior was videorecorded. Most owners of a territory on the cap of a mushroom are broad-headed, and usually defeat intruders, which in general have a narrower head. Escalation in confrontation to bodily contact is rare and mostly involves opponents of equal head width. Most contests between unequals end after a close head-to-head confrontation, and are thus purely ritual. Females appeared to be courted only on the lek. Although no female was observed to copulate, it can be supposed that male head width influences fitness through its effect on owning a territory on the lek.     

Inheritance of female flight in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

A clinal female flight polymorphism exists in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., where female flight diminishes from east to west across Eurasia. A Russian population where females are capable of sustained ascending flight and a North American population with females incapable of flight were crossed: parentals, reciprocal F(1) hybrids, double reciprocal F(2) hybrids, and all possible backcrosses to both the parental lines were compared. Heritabilities were estimated using a threshold model, female offspring on female parent regressions, and joint-scaling analyses. Heritability of female flight capability measured using a free flight test was at least 0.60, and variation in wing size, muscle strength, and flight behaviors contributed to the flight polymorphism. Relative wing size varied continuously and had a heritability of 0.70. Environmental variation accounted for >90% of the variation in female preflight weight and relative flight muscle strength, as estimated by an inverted female's ability to right herself. Preflight walking behavior and early deposition of eggs were each inherited through a single gene with two co-dominant alleles. There was no evidence for sex-linkage or maternal effects in female flight capability or associated traits. Continued vigilance to exclude and eradicate introductions of strains capable of female flight in North America is warranted even in areas where no females fly, because some of the alleles needed for full flight capability may not be present in the North American populations, and some flight capability is maintained in the hybrids that could increase the rate of spread of L. dispar.     

浙江省竹林害虫竹镂舟蛾和竹卵圆蝽的寄生蜂

2013年5月至2014年10月,对浙江省竹林害虫竹镂舟蛾Loudonta dispar(Kiriakoff)和竹卵圆蝽Hippotiscus dorsalis(Stl)的寄生蜂进行调查,共发现16种寄生蜂。其中3种是首次记录寄生这两类害虫的寄生蜂:寄生于竹镂舟蛾的螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis Ishii以及寄生于竹卵圆蝽的中国蝽卵金小蜂Acrodlisoides sinicus HuangLiao和双斑平腹小蜂Anastaus bifasciatus Geoffroy。本文提供了这3种寄生蜂的主要鉴别特征及其主要寄生生物学,并提供形态特征图。     

Correspondence analysis of shell morphology in the African freshwater snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Kraus 1848) (Pulmonata: Gastropoda)

A correspondence analysis of shell measurements taken from 521 widely dispersed specimens of the African aquatic pulmonate snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi suggests the existence of eight morphological groups. These groups appear to relate to either ecophysiological factors or to factors associated with the stability of the freshwater system rather than to aspects of geographic distribution and genetic isolation.     

甘肃地产党参区域性品质差异及气候响应特征分析

基于甘肃产区党参(Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.)中4种代表性组分(党参炔苷、苍术内酯Ⅲ、多糖和醇溶性浸出物)的含量变化与相应地域气候因子的分析, 探明甘肃境内区域条件、气候因子对党参化学成分的影响及关联性.运用高效液相色谱法测定党参中这4种化学成分含量, 分析区域性、年-季-月不...