Multislice spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis

This paper deals with the results of a radiation study in 34 patients with the clinical manifestations of maxillofacial osteomyelitides. It describes the radiation semiotics of changes occurring in the bone and its surrounding soft tissues of the maxillofacial region in different phases of osteomyelitis. Comparative analysis of orthopantograms and images obtained by multislice spiral computed tomography revealed the benefits of the latter in detecting soft tissue changes and subtle bone alterations.     

Procedure for visualization of carbonic materials in maxillofacial surgery by spiral computed tomography

The paper considers whether carbonic materials whose contrasting is achieved when they contain 8-12% of metallic boron power may be applied to restore bone defects of the facial skull. Implants of this composition were employed to operate on 4 patients with different defects of the facial skull. A three-projection of SCT image obtained in the "SOFT" mode was used as a way of registration. The results of the studies have indicated that the materials under study have X-ray contrast, a complete biological compatibility, and non-toxicity when they are used in clinical practice.     

Capacities of diagnostic volumetric multislice spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of gastric cancer

In the period 2009 to 2010, diagnostic multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) was carried out in 49 patients with gastric cancer. The efficiency of dynamic MSCT in detecting a tumor and determining its locoregional extent was evaluated. The results of dynamic MSCT were compared with those of postoperative histological examination. The possibility of detecting gastric cancer by dynamic MSCT was ascertained to depend on the depth of tumor invasion and to average 29, 71, 72, and 77% for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Dynamic MSCT showed a correlation between the frequency of metastatic lesion and the sizes of lymph nodes (r = 0.54; p = 0.0001) and their number (r = 0.82; p < 0.0001).     

Role of spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of complications due to endodontic treatment

The paper deals with the diagnosis of some errors in endodontic treatment by spiral computed tomography.     

Potentialities of spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic injuries of the midface

The paper summarizes the results of examination of 169 patients referred to the surgeon in the period from 1 till 47 days after medial facial (MF) trauma by using spiral computed tomography (SCT) and the method of laser stereolitography (LSLG). The actual aspects of diagnosis and treatment are marked; the methods for the analysis of injuries of soft tissue structures and adjacent areas while orbit trauma are developed together with the methods for determination of degree of enophthalmos. Also discussed are the possibilities of SCT and LSLG in visualization of MF injuries and planning patient treatment.     

Comparison of echocardiography and 64-slice spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children

The diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children has been an issue in the medical community. Timely diagnosis and treatment can provide a greater guarantee for children's healthy growth. In recent years, there have been more and more studies on the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of echocardiography and 64-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children. In clinical trials, we also tested 64 patients with spiral computed tomography (SCT) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) detection of patients and then confirmed the accuracy of the diagnosis by the surgical methods. The two methods of detection, the rate of missed diagnosis, and the rate of misdiagnosis were counted. Through the test results and pathological diagnosis results, the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods were all above 90%, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The sensitivity of echocardiographic in detecting intracardiac structure abnormalities was relatively high, but when the diagnosis of extracardiac structural abnormalities less than 64-slice spiral CT method, misdiagnosis of TTE was mainly due to extracardiac vascular malformations. Therefore, it is recommended to combine the two methods to improve the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in children.     

Multislice spiral computed tomography in the planning of transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Surgical treatment for aortic valve (AV) pathology is an urgent and important problem of modern medicine. The prevalence of valve disease is great and remains steadily high in the population. Due to a large number of patients who cannot undergo open AV surgery, alternative hybrid treatments are recently being actively improved. Multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) is mandatory prior to transcatheter AV replacement as the examination results determine if a hybrid treatment can be performed and the access is transfemoral or transapical. MSCT provides the data necessary to determine the sizes and types of AV prostheses. The application of the current systems of 320-640 spiral tomographs will further improve MSCT as the method of choice in examining patients before transcatheter AV replacement.     

Spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of limb osteomyelitis

The results of radiation studies in 121 patients of different age (4 to 75 years) examined for limb osteomyelitis are analyzed. All the patients underwent routine X-ray study and computed tomography (CT), 26 patients had X-ray fistulography; 8, linear tomography; 10, CT fistulography; 6, scintigraphy, and 15, ultrasound study. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO), chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis (CHO), and atypical (here Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis and Brodie's abscess) osteomyelitis were ascertained in 10.6, 26.4, and 10.1% of cases, respectively. Posttraumatic osteomyelitis was diagnosed in almost 50% of the patients. CT defined the phase of chronic limb osteomyelitis. Spiral CT has proven to be the most effective technique for diagnosing limb osteomyelitis as compared with routine X-ray study: the accuracy of X-ray study was 81.8%, its sensitivity, 84.9%, and specificity, 60.0% and those of computed tomography were 96.7, 99.1, and 80.0%, respectively.     

Spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of limb osteomyelitis

The results of radiation studies in 121 patients of different age (4 to 75 years) examined for limb osteomyelitis are analyzed. All the patients underwent routine X-ray study and computed tomography (CT), 26 patients had X-ray fistulography; 8, linear tomography; 10, CT fistulography; 6, scintigraphy, and 15, ultrasound study. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO), chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis (CHO), and atypical (here Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis and Brodie's abscess) osteomyelitis were ascertained in 10.6, 26.4, and 10.1% of cases, respectively. Posttraumatic osteomyelitis was diagnosed in almost 50% of the patients. CT defined the phase of chronic limb osteomyelitis. Spiral CT has proven to be the most effective technique for diagnosing limb osteomyelitis as compared with routine X-ray study: the accuracy of X-ray study was 81.8%, its sensitivity, 84.9%, and specificity, 60.0% and those of computed tomography were 96.7, 99.1, and 80.0%, respectively.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of human diaphragm with the use of spiral computed tomography

Pettiaux, Nicolas, Marie Cassart, Manuel Paiva, and MarcEstenne. Three-dimensional reconstruction of human diaphragm withthe use of spiral computed tomography. J. Appl.Physiol. 82(3): 998-1002, 1997.We developed atechnique of diaphragm imaging by using spiral computed tomography, andwe studied four normal subjects who had been previously investigatedwith magnetic resonance imaging (A. P. Gauthier, S. Verbanck,M. Estenne, C. Segebarth, P. T. Macklem, and M. Paiva.J. Appl. Physiol. 76: 495-506,1994). One acquisition of 15- to 25-s duration was performed atresidual volume, functional residual capacity, functional residualcapacity plus one-half inspiratory capacity, and total lung capacitywith the subject holding his breath and relaxing. From theseacquisitions, 20 coronal and 30 sagittal images were reconstructed ateach lung volume; on each image, diaphragm contour in the zone ofapposition and in the dome was digitized with the software Osiris, andthe digitized silhouettes were used for three-dimensionalreconstruction with Matlab. Values of length and surface area for thediaphragm, the dome, and the zone of apposition were very similar tothose obtained with magnetic resonance imaging. We conclude thatsatisfactory three-dimensional reconstruction of the in vivo diaphragmmay be obtained with spiral computed tomography, allowing accurate measurements of muscle length, surface area, and shape.

     

Potentialities of computed tomography in the diagnosis of hiatal hernia

An analysis of the results of 98 studies has demonstrated the potentialities of X-ray computed tomography in the diagnosis of hiatal hernia (HH), provided the X-ray computed tomography (XCT) semiotics of HH. It has found that XCT may directly visualize and objectively evaluate anatomic structures, such as diagraphmatic crus and esophageal foremen. It has emphasized that when XCT of abdominal and thoracic organs is performed, it is necessary to include the areas of diagragmatic curs and esophageal foramen into the list of anatomic structures binding for visual assessment and characterization, which in combination with other studies will assist in the early diagnosis of hiatal hernia and eventually expand the potentialities of XCT to a greater extent.     

Functional multislice spiral computed tomography of the rectus muscle of the eye in scar changes

The study deals with the capacities of functional multislice spiral computed tomography (FMSCT) in choosing a treatment policy and planning the tactic and scope of surgery for posttraumatic scar changes in the rectus muscle of the eye. Orbital MSCT and FMSCT were conducted in 15 patients (30 orbits). The findings showed that it was necessary to perform orbital FMSCT in posttaumatic scar changes to evaluate the contractility of the rectus muscles and their involvement in the area where a fracture occurs. Improved diagnosis achieved by FNSCT could optimally choose the tactics and scope of surgical intervention.     

Spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of ankle and foot injuries

The data on 187 patients with traumatic lesions of the ankle joint and foot were used to analyze the capacities of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of this pathology. The efficiency of CT versus X-ray study was evaluated. Specific guidelines are given to make spital CT. CT is shown to be of the most informative value in the diagnosis of lesions of the tibial plateau, undisplaced fractures of the internal malleolus, small marginal comminuted fractures, and lesions of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. There is evidence for that CT plays a dominant role in the diagnosis of lesions of the talus and calcaneus. Emphasis is laid on the great value of secondary multi- and three-dimensional image reconstructions.     

Role of spiral computed tomographic angiography in the diagnosis of aortic aneurysmal complications

The paper considers the basic diagnostic capacities of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in aortic aneurysmal complications. The results of emergency of CTA were analyzed In 63 patients with suspected aortic aneurysmal dissection and rupture. CTA provides complete information on the site, extent, and spread, form and sizes of an aneurismal process, on the presence of intraluminal thrombi, on the presence or absence of aortic wall dissection and rupture, on the involvement of aortic branches, and the state of adjacent tissues and organs.     

Magnetic resonance tomography, computed tomography and ultrasonic diagnosis of hemangiomas of the liver

The paper is concerned with the potentialities of modern radiation methods in the diagnosis of liver hemangiomas. USI, CT, angiography and MR-tomography (MRT) were used for investigation of 64 patients with liver hemangiomas. The diagnostic potentialities and the role of each of the above methods in the diagnostic algorithm in liver hemangiomas were studied. The results of the investigation have shown that MRT possesses a higher informative value than USI and CT in the diagnosis of liver hemangiomas and can even replace angiography in the verification of diagnosis.     

Spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the vertebral column

A Somatom Plus 4 spiral computed tomograph was used to examine 40 patients with purulent spondylitis and 8 patients with tuberculous spondylitis. Analysis of the primary examination, postoperative status, and follow-up of patients on medical therapy identified the main signs of an inflammatory process from a great variety of the computed tomographic (CT) signs of a lesion. They made it possible not only to reveal the inflammatory nature of a lesion, but also to differentiate purulent and tuberculous spondylitis. The main CT signs that allow a purulent spondylitis to be differentiated from tuberculous one are as follows: the location of involved veterbrae, the number of and the pattern of destruction of trabecular and cortical layers, the extent of and the form of paravertebral tissue lesion.