超声诊断对输尿管结石的临床价值探讨

目的探讨超声诊断输尿管结石的临床价值,并对其声像图进行分析。方法分析我院2008年1月-2009年6月确诊的21例输尿管结石患者的超声声像图及诊断符合率情况。结果21例输尿管结石中超声确诊19例,诊断符合率90．48％。结论超声诊断输尿管结石具有方便、无创,诊断符合率高,值得临床推广和应用。     

219例输尿管结石的超声诊断分析

目的探讨超声诊断输尿管结石的价值和意义,降低误诊率。方法采用MINDRAY DC-3型和ALOKA SSC-390型超声诊断仪对219例输尿管结石患者进行诊断,并对临床资料及超声特征进行总结分析。结果本组219例中,经临床证实211例,诊断符合率为96.3%;误诊8例,误诊率为3.7%。输尿管结石的典型超声声像图特征表现为弧形光带或椭圆形光团,后方伴声影。结论超声可作为临床诊断输尿管结石的首选方法。     

B超诊断肾输尿管畸形4例

临床诊断肾输尿管畸形较为困难,常借助于X线检查,B超的临床应用为其诊断提供了新的影象学依据,本文报告B超诊断2例马蹄肾和2例重肾、双肾盂、双输尿管畸形。资料与方法 4例中男女各2例,临床均未考虑畸     

X线钼靶摄影和彩超诊断早期乳腺癌比较研究

目的:探讨X线钼靶摄片和彩色多普勒超声对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的76例直径＜1cm较早期乳腺癌的影像学表现,比较两种检查方法的诊断准确性.结果:X线钼靶摄片和彩色多普勒超对早期乳腺癌的诊断符合率分别为92.7%和80.01%,对＞40岁的早期乳腺癌患者的诊断符合率分别为97.1%和75.9%.检出率X线钼靶摄影均明显高于彩超,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:钼靶X线撮片和超声都是乳腺疾病最常用的诊断方法,乳腺钼靶摄片对早期乳腺癌的检出率更高,尤其适合于对40岁以上女性的诊断.     

微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段嵌顿结石

目的:分析微创经皮肾镜碎石术(minimal invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,mPCNL)治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的临床疗效.方法:采用B超或X线定位,mPCNL治疗102例嵌顿性输尿管上段结石,其中2例经皮穿刺抽吸脓性尿液,留置造瘘管,抗炎治疗后二期手术.术后生命体征、B超和尿路平片(kindey ureter bladder,KUB)等检查并随访.结果:100例Ⅰ期穿刺成功并气压弹道或钬激光mPCNL,手术时间55-75 min.碎石、取石时间15-35 min.术后住院4-7 d.无穿刺损伤腹腔脏器、术中未有肾孟穿孔和输尿管损伤、无大出血等术中和术后并发症.mPCNL术后2 dKUB检查结石清除率为91.1%(93/102),9例残留结石,术后辅以体外冲击波碎石治疗.术后1个月结石清除率为100%(102/102).结论:微创经皮肾穿刺取石治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石创伤小、恢复快且有很高的清除率,值得临床推广应用.     

彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查对泌尿系结石的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查对泌尿系结石的诊断价值。方法 选择2019年6月至2022年5月在我院治疗的86例疑似泌尿系结石患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查。统计泌尿系结石检出情况,并以CT检查结果作为“金标准”,计算彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查诊断泌尿系结石的敏感度、特异度及准确率。结果 86例疑似泌尿系结石患者经CT检查发现阳性60例,阴性26例。彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像诊断泌尿系结石的敏感度为91.67%及准确率为91.86%高于二维超声的76.67%及77.91%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像与二维超声检查诊断泌尿系结石的特异度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 彩色多普勒超声快闪伪像诊断泌尿系结石的敏感度及准确率高于二维超声,能降低误诊和漏诊率,提高泌尿系结石诊断效能。     

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症定性诊断与手术方式探讨

目的:目前原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的术前诊断较为困难,不同手术方式对预后的影响也不一样。本文探讨原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症定性诊断方法与手术方式,提高诊断准确率,并针对不同病因采取不同手术方式,尽可能改善患者预后。方法:选取我院36例确诊为PHPT的患者,经不同检查方法组合(实验室检查+X线影像检查,实验室检查+B超检查、99 Tcm-甲氧异丁基异腈核素扫描检查,X线影像检查+B超检查、99 Tcm-甲氧异丁基异腈核素扫描检查,实验室检查+X线影像检查+B超检查、99 Tcm-甲氧异丁基异腈核素扫描检查)进行检查,采用统计学软件spss13.0经行统计学分析,比较各组之间的诊断符合率。结果:4种方式结合(实验室检查+X线影像检查+B超检查+99Tcm-甲氧异丁基异腈核素扫描检查)检查的诊断符合率最高;针对不同原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的病因,采取不同手术方式进行治疗,甲状旁腺腺瘤、甲状旁腺增生治疗效果好,腺癌例数不足,手术效果需进一步证实。结论:实验室检查,X线影像检查,B超,99 Tcm-甲氧异丁基异腈(sestamibi,MIBI)核素扫描检查的结合对PTPH的定性诊断效果好,对于不同的PHPT病因,正确选择手术方式可以改善患者的预后。     

后腹腔镜治疗输尿管上段结石42例临床分析

目的 探讨后腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术的技术要点和临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析后腹腔镜治疗输尿管上段结石42例临床资料.结果 41例患者手术取石成功,1例单侧2个结石,近端结石因患者体位改变上移至肾盂,后经ESWL治疗排出.术后随访6～12月,经B超复查患侧肾输尿管积水均明显好转.结论 后腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术是一种安全有效的微创技术,可作为开放手术或其他微创方法的替代或补充.     

超声定位碎石在输尿管中段结石治疗中的应用效果观察

目的:分析超声定位碎石在输尿管中段结石治疗中的应用效果,以全面提升超声定位碎石在治疗效果,完善其手术实施步骤,以为输尿管结石患者提供更为优质的医疗服务。方法:文章选取了2013.8.23-2015.8.31期间于我国就诊的运用超声定位碎石治疗的输尿管结石患者手术病例467例进行分析,这467例输尿管中段结石患者均采取了ZH-VD电磁冲击波体外碎石机进行治疗。结果:该467名输尿管中段结石患者经超声定位碎石治疗以后,治疗部位结石排除率均达到了96.98%。结论:超声定位碎石对于治疗输尿管中段结石有着比较显著的效果,结石排净率较高,碎石病例的筛查使用B超即可独立完成。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌96例影像诊断体会

目的：探讨全数字化乳腺摄影与彩色多普勒相结合对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法：搜集经X线摄影及超声检查并经病理证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的96例进行回顾性分析。结果：96例乳腺癌中,单发病灶83例,多发病灶13例。采用全数字化X线摄影单独诊断乳腺癌80例,诊断符合率83.33%,采用超声单独诊断乳腺癌87例,诊断符合率90.63%。结论：乳腺X线与超声相结合,诊断乳腺癌95例,诊断符合率99.06%,此二种检查综合诊断,可明显提高乳腺癌的诊断符合率,减少漏诊和误诊。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism