恶生肿瘤组织中结核杆菌DNA的检测

目的 探讨结核杆菌感染与恶性肿瘤的关系。方法 采用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测两种恶性肿瘤组织中结核杆菌ＤＮＡ（ＴＢ－ＤＮＡ）。结果４１例恶性肿瘤组织中检出ＴＢ－ＤＮＡ阳性患者８例,占１９．５％,且ＴＢ－ＤＮＡ阳性患者肿瘤发病部位基本与结核病的好发部位一致。结论 结核杆菌感染可能与一些恶性肿瘤存在在特殊相关性。     

肠原发性非何杰金淋巴瘤与结核杆菌感染

目的 探讨肠原发性非何杰金淋巴瘤（PINHL）与结核杆菌感染的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术对20例手术切除的PINHL的瘤组织的瘤旁粘膜组织进行结核杆菌DNA（TB－DNA）检测,同时回顾临床资料,结果 20％的PINHL瘤组织和30％的瘤旁粘膜组织中检出了TB－DNA,且发现TB－DNA阳性病例多是B细胞性PINHL,发病部位多靠近回盲部。结论 结核杆菌感染与PINHL之间可能存在特殊相关性。     

乙型肝炎病人重叠感染丙型肝炎的评价

应用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＣＲ法检测５０２例乙肝病人血清,４０１例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性血清中,有１１４例（２８．４％）抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ双项阳性,２５例（６．２％）ＨＣＶＲＮＡ单项阳性;２１例（５．２％）抗－ＨＣＶ单项阳性。将ＨＢｓＡｇ乙肝病人分成ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性组和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性组。前者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为１１．６％～２０．５％,ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为１６．２％～２０．５％。后者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２０．２％～５５．６％,ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为２３％～６０．３％。结果说明长期携带ＨＢＶ者和慢性乙肝病人均可重叠ＨＣＶ感染。ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率明显高于ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组     

乳腺癌HSV—1,HSV—2与c—erbB—2的免疫组化研究

采用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法检测５２例手术切除乳腺癌组织ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白和ＨＳＶ－１、ＨＳＶ－２表达情况。结果发现癌组织中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性３４例（６５．４％）;ＨＳＶ－１阳性３８例（７３．１％）;ＨＳＶ－２阳性１５例（２８．８％）。癌旁组织３２例,阳性分别为３例（９．４％）;１２例（３７．５％）;２例（６．３％）。乳腺癌中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性率明显高于癌旁组织。乳腺癌及癌旁的ＨＳＶ－１阳性率明显高于ＨＳＶ－２,乳腺癌ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性组中ＨＳＶ－１和ＨＳＶ－２的表达有显著差异,而在阴性组二者无差异,提示乳腺癌的发生可能和ＨＳＶ－１感染密切相关,ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达也可能和ＨＳＶ－１感染有关。     

乙型肝炎患者HBV复制水平的定量PCR研究

本文采用定量ＰＣＲ方法观察了慢性乙型肝炎患者ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的复制水平。结果表明在ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性患者血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检出率和水平显著高于ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）;血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ水平的高低与ＡＬＴ异常情况未发现有相关性。     

肝癌组织中HBV核心基因启动了突变的研究

为深入了解乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）致癌机理,用磁式ＰＣＲ对广西１４例血清ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性的原发性肝癌患者癌组织、１０例乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清及１０例乙肝病毒无症状携带者血清ＨＢＶ核心基因启动子进行扩增,阳性者用Ｓａｎｇｅｒ氏双脱氧法做序列分析,发现肝癌组织１０例ＰＣＲ阳性,阳性率７１．４％,所有ＰＣＲ阳性标本的整合体均有乙肝病毒核心基因启动子双突变序列（ｎｔ１７６２Ａ→Ｔ,１７６４Ｇ→Ａ）,并且在其财     

用套式多聚酶链反应技术监测乙型肝炎病毒的母婴垂直传播

用套式多聚酶链反应（Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ－ＰＣＲ）技术对１６９对ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性孕妇及其新生儿外周血清进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测。１０３对ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性孕妇及其新生儿外周血清中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为７２．８％和３３．０％;６６对ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ双阳性的孕妇及其新生儿外周血清中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为８６．４％和４３．９％。对５５例ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性产妇产后的初乳进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测,结果ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率为３６．４％。结果表明ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ双阳性的孕妇及其新生儿外周血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检出率较ＨＢｓＡｇ单阳性的孕妇及其新生儿要高,其初乳中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的检出率也高。还对１０５例注射了乙肝疫苗及高价乙肝特异性免疫球蛋白的６月龄婴儿的外周血清进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测,结果有２３例阳性。     

香蕉束顶病毒基因克隆和序列分析

对香蕉束顶病毒（ＢＢＴＶ）中国分离株ＤＮＡ组份Ｉ（ＤＮＡ－１）、外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）和运转蛋白（ＭＰ）基因进行了克隆和序列分析。ＢＢＴＶＤＮＡ－１含有１１０３个核苷酸,与南太平洋和亚洲分离株分别有８７％－８８％ ９６．９－９８％的核苷酸序列同源性。由ＤＮＡ－１编码的复制酶含有１８６个在酸残基。与南太平洋和亚洲分离株分别有８４．４％－９５．８％和９７．６％、９８．０％的氨基酸序列同源性。外壳蛋白基因由５     

湖北地区宫颈癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒16型E7基因的分离,克隆和序…

采用加端聚合链反应技术,从湖北地区一宫颈癌患者癌组织ＤＮＡ中分离出人乳头瘤病毒１６型（ＨＰＶ１６）Ｅ７基因,并在ｐＵＣ１８载体中克隆,经限生核酸内切酶分析和ＤＮＡ序列分析,确认了含ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７重组克隆质粒,命名ｐｆＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７－ＨＢ。ＤＮＡ序列分析表明,ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７－ＨＢ基因全长２９４ｂｐ（与报道的标准基因长度相同）但其核苷酸顺序中的两处发生了Ｃ－（Ｔ）突变,即第４３位密码子ＣＡＡ变为ＴＡＡ     

Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白     

结核分枝杆菌耐链霉素和乙胺丁醇分子机制的研究

目的:研究结核分枝杆菌耐链霉素和乙胺丁醇的rpsL和emb B基因突变情况,探讨耐药基因突变与耐药性的关系。方法:通过传统药敏实验和聚合酶链反应(PCR)--单链构象多态性(SSCP)技术初步鉴定62株临床分离株的药敏和rps L、emb B基因。结果:与结核菌标准株H37Rv对照,分析30例TB菌耐链霉素(SM)的rps L基因,发现其突变率为70.0%(21/30),分析29例耐乙胺丁醇(EMB)的emb B基因,该基因的突变率为65.5%(19/29)。结论:部分结核分枝杆菌耐SM和EMB是由于其rps L、emb B基因突变所致,PCR-SSCP银染技术可能成为测定部分结核分枝杆菌耐药的简便、快速的方法。     

The cytologic diagnosis of Mycobacterium kansasi tuberculosis by fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou-stained specimens

The cytologic diagnosis of Mycobacterium kansasi tuberculosis by fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou-stained specimens
The sensitivities of (i) Papanicolaou fluorescence, (ii) auramine rhodamine fluorescence, and (iii) Ziehl-Neelsen staining were compared for their ability to detect the atypical mycobacterium Myco. kansasi in cytological samples. Ninety-two cases were investigated, and the sensitivities of the three methods of detection were found to be 36.9%, 12.0%, and 20.7%, respectively. The control groups consisted of 30 specimens from cases of bronchial carcinoma and 30 of pneumonia. All cases were proved by microbiology. No false-positive results were recorded using Papanicolaou fluorescence. An important but coincidental finding arising from this study was that infection by the atypical mycobacterium Myco. kansasi causes cytological patterns corresponding to those normally associated with acute pneumonia and not to tuberculosis.     

应用PCR扩增对分枝杆菌分类鉴定及标本检测的研究

用对结核分枝杆菌特异性很强的引物 b对 2 1种分枝杆菌和 13种非分枝杆菌进行 PCR扩增 ,并对扩增产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳。结果表明 :受试菌种用引物 b在退火温度 6 1℃时 ,扩增的敏感性为 50 fg,且只能扩出结核分枝杆菌、胃分枝杆菌 ,且他们扩增片段的分子量也不相同。可见 ,用引物 b,必要时辅以引物a,对分枝杆菌 16 S～ 2 3S r DNA间隔区序列进行扩增 ,可以快速有效地鉴定分枝杆菌临床分离株 ,是分枝杆菌鉴定的一种新方法。     

1例原发性脾脏结核病例的临床与实验室检验分析

本文报道1例罕见的原发于脾脏的结核病例,该病例以发热起病,免疫功能正常,无明确肺部病灶,最终根据脾脏切除术后病理学结果及腹腔脓液分枝杆菌培养阳性确诊。分析临床表现及诊断方法,有助于提高临床医生对此类病例的认识与重视。     

Mycobacterial infection induces the secretion of high-mobility group box 1 protein

High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and is released by monocytes and macrophages. Necrotic cells also release HMGB1 at the site of tissue damage which induces a variety of cellular responses, including the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. This study investigated the secretion of HMGB1 in mycobacterial infection by macrophages in vitro and in the lungs of infected guinea pigs. We observed that infection by mycobacterium effectively induced HMGB1 release in both macrophage and monocytic cell cultures. Culture filtrate proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced maximum release of HMGB1 compared with different subcellular fractions of mycobacterium. We demonstrated that HMGB1 is released in lungs during infection of M. tuberculosis in guinea pigs and increased HMGB1 secretion in lungs of guinea pigs was delayed by prior vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The secretion of cytokines like tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-1beta was significantly increased when M. bovis BCG-infected cultures of J774A.1 cells were incubated with HMGB1. Among different mycobacterial toll-like receptor ligands, heat-shock protein 65 (HSP65) was found to be more potent in inducing HMGB1 secretion in RAW 264.7 cells. Pharmacological suppression of p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases with specific inhibitors failed to inhibit HSP65-induced HMGB1 release, but inhibition of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activation attenuated HMGB1 release. Inhibition of the inducible NO synthase and neutralizing antibodies against TNF-alpha also reduced HMGB1 release stimulated by HSP65. We conclude that HMGB1 is secreted by macrophages during tuberculosis and it may act as a signal of tissue or cellular injury and enhances immune response.     

Interleukin-1 contributes to an effective clearance of Mycobacterium kansasii from the respiratory tract

Mycobacterium kansasii is an emerging pathogen that is able to induce pulmonary disease resembling tuberculosis. To determine the role of interleukin (IL-)1 in lung infection caused by this atypical mycobacterium, IL-1 receptor type 1 knockout (IL-1R(1) KO) and normal wild type mice were intranasally infected with M. kansasii. IL-1R(1) KO mice demonstrated a reduced antibacterial response in the lungs and an increased dissemination to the liver, which was accompanied by an enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response. These data identify IL-1 as an important component of the innate immune response to lung infection by M. kansasii.     

A nose-only apparatus for airborne delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to mice: calibration of biological parameters

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main cause of tuberculosis and is still a public health concern worldwide. This mycobacterium is transmitted through aerosols from human beings suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis to susceptible persons. To study this natural route of infection, we designed a new nose-only aerosol apparatus--system of aerosolisation of microorganisms (SAM)--in a carefully designed biohazard facility. For safety reasons, Mycobacterium smegmatis was first used to calibrate several parameters, such as inoculum density, atmospheric conditions (i.e. hygrometry) and particle size distribution. We present evidence that our apparatus is totally adapted to airborne delivery; the particle size of generated aerosol ranges from 1 to 7 microm, which is ideal for an infection by inhalation. We found that 99% of generated particles (<7 microm) could be retained by the respiratory tract, and among these particles, 62-79% (<3.3 microm) were able to reach pulmonary compartments. The next step was to simultaneously challenge 48 mice with M. tuberculosis in a highly reproducible way. We showed that a moderate dose (4 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per mice) of M. tuberculosis was capable of causing progressive lung pathology and death in mice 30 days post-aerosolisation. Therefore, our apparatus, once calibrated, is easy to handle, safe, and can be used with any pathogen, which is spread by aerosol.     

Limited-host-range plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: molecular and genetic analyses of transferred DNA.

A tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid from a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens that induces tumors on only a limited range of plants was characterized and compared with the Ti plasmids from strains that induce tumors on a wide range of plants. Whereas all wide-host-range Ti plasmids characterized to date contain closely linked oncogenic loci within a single transferred DNA (T-DNA) region, homology to these loci is divided into two widely separated T-DNA regions on the limited-host-range plasmid. These two plasmid regions, TA-DNA and TB-DNA, are separated by approximately 25 kilobases of DNA which is not maintained in the tumor. The TA-DNA region resembles a deleted form of the wide-host-range TL-DNA and contains a region homologous to the cytokinin biosynthetic gene. However, a region homologous to the two auxin biosynthetic loci of the wide-host-range plasmid mapped within the TB-DNA region. These latter genes play an important role in tumor formation because mutations in these loci result in a loss of virulence on Nicotiana plants. Furthermore, the TB-DNA region alone conferred tumorigenicity onto strains with an intact set of vir genes. Our results suggest that factors within both the T-DNA and the vir regions contribute to the expression of host range in Agrobacterium species. There was a tremendous variation among plants in susceptibility to tumor formation by various A. tumefaciens strains. This variation occurred not only among different plant species, but also among different varieties of plants within the same genus.