16S rRNA和recA、groEL基因分类鉴定乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种的比较

【目的】比较16S rRNA和recA、groEL基因部分序列用于乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种分类鉴定的效果。【方法】对已鉴定的8株分离自传统发酵乳的乳酸乳球菌, 选取recA和groEL基因片段, 通过PCR扩增、测序, 将测序得到的序列比对后构建系统发育树, 并与16S rRNA基因序列分析技术进行比较。【结果】比较分析不同菌株16S rRNA和recA、groEL基因的亲缘关系, recA、groEL基因可以准确地完成乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种的区分和鉴定。【结论】recA和groEL基因序列分析可以实现乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种的区分, 因其具有快速、准确、稳定的特点, 可适合于乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种间的快速分类鉴定。     

一株抗G- 菌和酵母菌的乳酸乳球菌的分离鉴定与抗菌活性

以G+ 菌金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)作为指示菌, 通过抑菌筛选法从生牛奶中初筛得到具有抑菌活性的14株细菌菌株, 然后通过个体形态与培养特征观测、部分生理生化反应、G + C mol%测定、16S rDNA序列比对分析、PCR扩增特异性N-乙酰胞壁酸水解酶基因和序列对比分析等鉴定, 确定其中的一株具有较高抑菌活性的分离株为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis)菌株, 命名为MB191。对多种G+ 细菌、G- 细菌、酵母菌和丝状真菌的对峙培养抗性测定结果表明, MB191除对供试G+ 细菌具有较高的抑菌活性以外, 还对丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae)、荧光假单胞菌(P. fluorescens)等G- 细菌和汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)等具有明显的抑菌活性。乳酸乳球菌的这一特性目前尚未见文献报道。     

发酵乳中动物双歧杆菌乳亚种分离及鉴定

采用改良MRS培养基从蒙牛冠益乳酸奶中选择性分离得到2种乳酸菌, 表型特征检测初步确定目标菌株BB-12, 该菌株符合双歧杆菌属特征描述。通过Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析、atpD基因序列分析, 多相鉴定表明: 菌株BB-12为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis)。系统发育学分析表明: atpD基因序列比16S rDNA序列在动物双歧杆菌亚种水平鉴定上有更好的分辨率。     

一株新的胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌的分离和鉴定

从大白菜软腐组织中分离出一株软腐病细菌BC1,经过形态观察、生理生化特性分析、致病性检测和16S rDNA序列分析,该分离物被鉴定为胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌胡萝卜亚种（Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Ecc）的一个新菌株,编号为BC1。这是首次从16S rDNA序列水平上对在我国分布的软腐欧文氏菌进行鉴定。Ecc BC1的16S rDNA序列与其它软腐欧文氏菌株的16S rDNA序列之间同源性达987%～993%,而且在系统发育树中独立于Ecc其它菌株。序列分析结果表明,Ecc BC1具有至少2种不同的16S rDNA序列,它们都在第459位和473位（相对于大肠杆菌16S rDNA序列）发生碱基突变,同一基因中两个突变位点之间彼此互补,处于16S rRNA螺旋H17颈部,而且这两处碱基变异只存在于BC1菌株中。通过与其它软腐欧文氏菌亚种和菌株16S rDNA序列进行比对分析,还进一步鉴定出一些BC1菌株特异的16S rDNA碱基突变位点。本文报道的Ecc BC1两个16S rDNA序列在GenBank中的登录号分别为AY309068和AY309069。     

6种区分乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种的分子生物学方法比较

【目的】比较并评价6种分子生物学技术对乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis)和乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris)的区分效果。【方法】采用16S rRNA基因序列分析技术,16S-23S rRNA间区序列多态性分析技术,变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE),随机扩增多态性分析技术(RAPD),重复基因外回文序列分析技术(rep-PCR)和限制性酶切片段多态性分析技术(RFLP)对4株Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis和Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris参考菌株进行了区分,并对这6种方法的区分效果进行了比较评价。【结果】16S rRNA基因序列分析技术,16S-23S rRNA间区序列多态性分析技术无法区分Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis和Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris,而其余4种技术可以实现区分。【结论】变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE),随机扩增多态性分析技术(RAPD)耗时短,操作简单,试验结果准确稳定,更适合Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis和Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris的快速准确区分。     

多项分类方法鉴定西藏地区藏灵菇中的乳酸球菌

【目的】采用多项分类法对16株分离自藏灵菇中的乳酸球菌进行准确鉴定。【方法】首先应用传统的生理生化试验,之后采用16S-23S rRNA间区序列多态性分析和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)进行了鉴定,最后,通过16S rRNA基因序列分析进行验证。【结果】将16株菌株初步鉴定为3个菌群:片球菌群、乳球菌群和肠球菌群,进一步鉴定为14株耐久肠球菌,1株乳酸片球菌,1株乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种,16S rRNA基因序列分析验证的结果与前3种试验方法的结果相一致。【结论】试验结果表明传统的生理生化鉴定和16S-23S rRNA间区序列多态性分析和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)相结合的多项分类方法有利于乳酸球菌种间的准确鉴定。     

1株虎源致病性肠球菌的分离鉴定及序列分析

从病死老虎肺脏中分离到1株肠球菌,并对该菌做了生理生化鉴定、药敏试验,致病性试验。本菌对多种抗生素高度耐药,对小白鼠有强致病性,其LD50为2.7×109.2cfu。并用PCR方法扩增分离菌株16S rDNA基因,获得1 415 bp片段,该片段核苷酸序列提交GenBank,登陆号为HM346186,将分离株的16S rDNA核苷酸序列与GenBank上其他肠球菌进行同源性分析。结果表明,分离株的16S rDNA核苷酸序列与肠球菌(EU285587)的同源性为100%,因此该分离菌株被鉴定为致病性肠球菌,命名为YN-1株(云南-1株)。     

内蒙古碱湖中紫色非硫光合细菌的分离和鉴定

从内蒙古碱湖水样中分离得到一株紫色非硫光合细菌,命名为JH1-6.对该菌株进行了形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、活细胞吸收光谱以及16S rDNA序列分析.16S rDNA序列分析结果表明该菌株与沼泽红假单胞菌的16S rDNA序列同源性高达99%,结合形态特征和生理生化特性以及活细胞吸收光谱特征等,确定菌株JH1- 6在分类地位上属于沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris).     

乳酸菌载体pMG36e的应用现状

乳酸乳球菌通用表达质粒pMG36e是一个经典的人工构建的组成型表达载体,是以乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种蛋白酶基因的转录和翻译信号为基础构建而成的。它包含一个强启动子,能够在多种细菌中表达外源蛋白。已用于研究细菌素作用机制,乳酸菌基因工程菌株的改造以及口服疫苗的开发等,应用领域十分广泛,已成为乳酸菌基因工程研究的重要工具质粒之一。本文主要从载体构成、基因表达与食品级载体改造等三方面的应用对其进行综述,旨在为该质粒今后研究提供资料。     

一个含有乳链菌肽抗性基因的乳酸乳球菌质粒pTS50的鉴定

在添加乳链菌肽、乳糖及溴甲酚紫的M1 7选择培养基上 ,从 1 97个新鲜牛奶样品中筛选到 3株乳链菌肽抗性菌株 ,PCR扩增证实它们都含有乳链菌肽抗性基因。菌种生理生化特性鉴定及特异性 1 6SrDNAPCR扩增产物的序列测定结果表明这 3株菌都属于乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种。质粒转化实验发现乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种TS 1 640中的乳链菌肽抗性基因位于一个约47kb的大质粒pTS50上。BamHI、EcoRI、HindⅢ、NcoI、PstⅠ酶切分析和Southern杂交 ,进一步将乳链菌肽抗性基因定位于pTS50的一个约 1 9kbEcoRI酶切片段中     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.