兽疫链球菌原生质体激光诱变及高产菌株筛选

探索了透明质酸(Hyaluronic acid)产生菌一兽疫链球菌(Streptococcus zooepidemicus)原生质体制备与再生的最佳条件。研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、高渗液的选择、预处理及高渗预培养等因素的影响。确定了最佳条件为：经1．2％甘氨酸预处理及高渗预培养共同作用2h后,用50U／mL溶菌酶,在NaCl高渗体系中,于39℃作用60min。在此条件下,原生质体形成率可达94．6％,再生率可达18．5％。用不同功率的He-Ne激光照射不同时间诱变原生质体,当功率密度为40mW／cm^2,照射时间为300s时,其致死率可达99．88％。从存活变异株中筛选出一株高产透明质酸菌株,其产量(2．21g／L)达原始菌株(0．49g／L)的4．5倍。     

采用计算流体力学技术研究搅拌对兽疫链球菌发酵生产透明质酸的影响

搅拌是影响透明质酸(HA)发酵的一个重要因素,然而有关搅拌对HA发酵影响的认识存在较大争议。本研究采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术深入研究了搅拌对菌体生长和HA合成的影响。结果表明,菌体量和HA产量受搅拌转速的影响很小,而HA分子量随着转速的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。分阶段控制转速研究表明转速对HA分子量的影响主要体现在HA合成阶段。CFD计算结果表明随着搅拌转速的增加,混合时间降低的同时反应器内部的剪切速率明显增加。最终通过改变搅拌桨组合方式的手段有效地解决了上述矛盾,并使得HA分子量提高23.9%。     

透明质酸酶的研究进展

透明质酸酶是能降解透明质酸及部分糖胺聚糖的一类糖苷酶,可应用于医疗和美容等领域.透明质酸酶也可用于制备小分子糖胺寡糖,许多研究发现小分子糖胺寡糖具有比大分子糖胺聚糖更高的生物免疫活性.为便于研究人员对透明质酸酶进行进一步的基础研究及应用研究,本文介绍了透明质酸和透明质酸酶,梳理了透明质酸酶的分类、结构和催化机理,归纳总...     

兽疫链球菌原生质体激光诱变及高产菌株筛选*

探索了透明质酸 (Hyaluronicacid)产生菌—兽疫链球菌 (Streptococcuszooepidemicus)原生质体制备与再生的最佳条件。研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、高渗液的选择、预处理及高渗预培养等因素的影响。确定了最佳条件为 :经 12%甘氨酸预处理及高渗预培养共同作用2h后 ,用 5 0U mL溶菌酶 ,在NaCl高渗体系中 ,于 39℃作用 60min。在此条件下 ,原生质体形成率可达 94.6% ,再生率可达18.5 %。用不同功率的He Ne激光照射不同时间诱变原生质     

在兽疫链球菌中表达vgb基因和HA合成基因提高透明质酸产量

透明质酸(HA)是一种在医药及化妆品领域具有广泛应用的天然粘多糖。兽疫链球菌(Streptococcuszooepidemicus)是工业上生产透明质酸的菌种之一。透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb)具有增强细胞摄氧的作用。对生产透明质酸的兽疫链球菌进行了基因改造:将兽疫链球菌HA的合成基因hasABC以及合成透明颤菌血红蛋白的vgb基因(Vitreoscillahemoglobingene,vgb)分别或同时插入阳性菌表达质粒pEU308中,通过电转化导入兽疫链球菌中。通过一氧化碳(CO)差光谱检测到了VHb的表达。在摇瓶实验中,同时带有hasABC和vgb基因的重组菌比野生菌的透明质酸产量提高了30％。而在发酵罐中,带有这2个基因的重组菌的透明质酸产量达到了6．9g／L,高于重组菌5．5g／L的产量。实验结果表明,vgb基因的存在促进了细胞的生长,hasABC操纵子的过表达增强了透明质酸的合成。首次将VHb导入兽疫链球菌中,获得了表达,并证明其对菌体生长及透明质酸合成有促进作用。通过研究,VHb将可以在阳性菌中获得更广泛的应用。     

兽疫链球菌中与透明质酸合成相关新基因的高通量筛选及克隆

【目的】兽疫链球菌(Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus)中透明质酸主要的生物合成途径和相关基因已经被研究得比较透彻,探究一种挖掘与透明质酸合成相关新基因的策略。【方法】利用自杀质粒pSET4s::sacB在宿主基因组中的随机整合作用,筛选具有表型差异突变菌株构建突变体库,进一步利用连接介导PCR (Ligation mediated PCR,LM-PCR)方法和全基因组重测序,检测质粒整合位点,通过基因无痕敲除和回补实验验证插入位点。【结果】构建了包含150株具有表型差异突变株的突变体库;以荚膜合成能力缺失的1号突变株(M1)作为基础研究对象,检测到自杀质粒整合到基因组458 960位点上,破坏了编码塔格糖-6-磷酸激酶的lacC基因;无痕敲除lacC基因得到ΔlacC,表型分析发现ΔlacC表现为粘性荚膜特性;进一步全基因组重测序发现,除了lacC基因位点存在插入突变,206 613位点存在碱基G缺失,导致编码透明质酸合成酶的hasA基因发生移码突变,且回补hasA基因后,M1恢复粘性荚膜合成能力。【结论】M1突变株粘性荚膜合成能力的缺失由hasA基因功能缺失引起,与lacC基因功能缺失无关。初步建立了兽疫链球菌中高通量筛选与透明质酸合成相关新基因的策略,为今后挖掘新基因奠定了基础。     

兽疫链球菌透明质酸分解酶基因的敲除

以透明质酸分解酶基因（Hyl）为改造目标, 利用同源重组技术获得 Hyl基因敲除的重组菌。首先以兽疫链球菌的基因组DNA为模板扩增出部分透明质酸分解酶基因（Hyl-1）,然后将其克隆到载体pMD19-T上,再以质粒pUC19为模板, PCR扩增得到氨苄青霉素抗性基因,通过反向PCR将其插入Hyl-1基因的中部,得到基因敲除载体pMD19T-SA。该载体与质粒pBR322分别用EcoRⅠ、PstⅠ双酶切后进行连接,得到基因敲除的重组载体pBR322 SA,PCR 及限制性酶切分析,构建的敲除载体与设计结果相符。最后,利用这两种敲除载体通过同源重组技术得到一株重组菌,经PCR 及酶活鉴定,这株菌的Hyl 基因已缺失。     

链球菌合成透明质酸的研究进展

透明质酸是一种具有极大商业价值的线性、高分子粘多糖,微生物的生物合成是透明质酸来源的首选。主要综述链球菌合成透明质酸的研究概况,分析了目前存在的主要问题及解决途径,并对其前景进行了展望。     

营养条件对兽疫链球菌发酵生产透明质酸的影响

透明质酸 (Ｈｙａｌｕｒｏｎｉｃａｃｉｄ ,简称ＨＡ)是Ｎ 乙酰氨基葡萄糖胺和葡萄糖醛酸以 β 1 3糖苷键和 β 1 4糖苷键连接而成的二糖单体重复构建而成的杂多糖 ,广泛存在于高等动物的结缔组织内。由于结构上的特点 ,ＨＡ具有很高的粘弹性和极强的保水性等特征 ,已被大量用于医学医药、化妆品工业[1,2 ] 。1937年Ｋｅｎｄａｌｌ[3 ] 等发现用溶血性链球菌 (Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｈａｅｍｏｌｙｔｉｃｕｓ)可以产生ＨＡ。其后 ,陆续发现许多能产生ＨＡ的微生物菌种 ,逐渐开发出一条可替代传统的动物组织提取法[4 ] 生产ＨＡ的新途径…     

关于水蛭透明质酸酶的研究

关于水蛭透明质酸酶的研究杨潼（中国科学院水生生物研究所武汉４３００７２）关键词水蛭，透明质酸酶，提取物透明质酸酶（Ｈｙａｌｕｒｏｎｉｄａｓｅ）这个词最初是用来命名从动物组织中得到的能水解透明质酸的酶，后来人们发现这个命名并不恰当，因为从许多动物体内得...     

Enhanced hyaluronic acid production of Streptococcus zooepidemicus by an intermittent alkaline-stress strategy

Aims: Enhanced hyaluronic acid (HA) production of Streptococcus zooepidemicus by redirecting carbon flux through an intermittent alkaline‐stress strategy. Methods and Results: pH value was kept at 7·0 for the first 6 h, and then intermittently switched to 8·5 for 1 h and back to 7·0 for 1 h until the end of fermentation at 16 h (one pH switch cycle every 2 h). With this intermittent alkaline‐stress strategy, HA production was increased to 6·5 ± 0·2 g l^?1 from 5·0 ± 0·1 g l^?1 of the control, in which pH was always kept at 7·0. In addition, biomass and lactic acid concentration decreased by 24% and 14%, respectively, while acetic acid concentration increased by 10% under intermittent alkaline stress. The redirection of carbon flux from lactic acid to acetic acid was further supported by the decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and the increased acetate kinase activity. As indicated by the increased NADH oxidase (NOX) activity, intermittent alkaline‐stress induced a more oxidative intracellular environment which would facilitate HA synthesis. Conclusions: Overproduction of HA was realized by redirecting carbon flux through the proposed intermittent alkaline‐stress strategy. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study clearly demonstrated the importance of metabolic‐pathway‐analysis based fermentation strategy in industrial processes and provided an alternative optimization approach for high viscosity fermentation.     

Modeling and optimization of microbial hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus using radial basis function neural network coupling quantum‐behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural biopolymer with unique physiochemical and biological properties and finds a wide range of applications in biomedical and cosmetic fields. It is important to increase HA production to meet the increasing HA market demand. This work is aimed to model and optimize the amino acids addition to enhance HA production of Streptococcus zooepidemicus with radial basis function (RBF) neural network coupling quantum‐behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm. In the RBF‐QPSO approach, RBF neural network is used as a bioprocess modeling tool and QPSO algorithm is applied to conduct the optimization with the established RBF neural network black model as the objective function. The predicted maximum HA yield was 6.92 g/L under the following conditions: arginine 0.062 g/L, cysteine 0.036 g/L, and lysine 0.043 g/L. The optimal amino acids addition allowed HA yield increased from 5.0 g/L of the control to 6.7 g/L in the validation experiments. Moreover, the modeling and optimization capacity of the RBF‐QPSO approach was compared with that of response surface methodology (RSM). It was indicated that the RBF‐QPSO approach gave a slightly better modeling and optimization result compared with RSM. The developed RBF‐QPSO approach in this work may be helpful for the modeling and optimization of the other multivariable, nonlinear, time‐variant bioprocesses. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009     

Analysis of metabolic fluxes for hyaluronic acid (HA) production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Summary A detailed metabolic flux analysis (MFA) for hyaluronic acid (HA) production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus was carried out. A metabolic network was constructed for the metabolism of S. zooepidemicus. Fluxes through these reactions were estimated by MFA using accumulation rates of biomass and product, consumption rate of glucose in batch fermentation and dissolved oxygen-controlled fermentation. The changes of the fluxes were observed at different stages of batch fermentation and in different dissolved oxygen tension (DOT)-controlled fermentation processes. The effects of metabolic nodes on HA accumulation under various culture conditions were investigated. The results showed that high concentration of glucose in the medium did not affect metabolic flux distribution, but did influence the uptake rate of glucose. HA synthesis was influenced by DOT via flux redistribution in the principal node. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) produced in the fermentation process are associated with cell growth and HA synthesis.     

透明质酸生产菌溶血素S基因缺失突变菌株的构建及其特性北大核心CSCD

【目的】马链球菌兽疫亚种是工业上生产透明质酸的主要菌种,该菌能产生引起宿主细胞溶血的链球菌溶血素S(streptolysin S,SLS)毒素,因而其产品的安全性一直是人们所担心的问题。本实验的目的就是通过基因敲除的方法构建不产SLS的透明质酸生产工程菌,同时探讨溶血素sag A基因缺失对菌株透明质酸合成和其他毒力因子的影响。【方法】利用温度敏感/自杀性质粒p JR700载体系统,构建马链球菌兽疫亚种sag A基因缺失突变株;通过PCR扩增,溶血平板和SLS含量测定等方法确定sag A基因缺失;采用分光光度、SDS-PAGE和细胞毒性试验等分析方法,对野生菌株和sag A基因缺失突变菌株透明质酸含量、透明质酸分子量、溶血素Hylc、透明质酸分解酶、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶和菌体表面蛋白等相关毒力因子进行对比研究。【结果】获得了透明质酸产量提高30%而溶血活性极低的马链球菌兽疫亚种sag A基因缺失突变株。该突变株与野生菌株相比较,透明质酸分解酶活性增加而透明质酸相对分子量降低,此外,与毒力相关的表面蛋白含量、溶血素Hylc和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶活性也显著降低。细胞毒性实验结果表明,野生菌株与sag A基因缺失突变菌株的培养物上清液,对细胞活性的影响存在显著差异。【结论】在马链球菌兽疫亚种中sag A不仅是表达溶血素SLS的基因,同时sag A基因对菌株透明质酸合成、透明质酸分解酶、菌体表面蛋白、溶血素Hylc和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶等都具有调节作用。     

Reverse hyaluronan substrate gel zymography procedure for the detection of hyaluronidase inhibitors

Little is known of the ubiquitous inhibitors of hyaluronidase, molecules that may be important for the deposition of hyaluronan. A reverse hyaluronan-substrate gel procedure is described here that detects such inhibitors, even in crude biological extracts, and is independent of the catalytic mechanism of the target enzyme. Following electrophoresis, hyaluronan-containing gels are incubated in a hyaluronidase solution. Alcian blue-staining bands indicate hyaluronan protected from degradation and the location of hyaluronidase inhibitors. Coordinated use of hyaluronan substrate gel and reverse substrate gel procedures provides estimates of the number and relative molecular sizes of both enzymes and their inhibitors.