共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 111 毫秒
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生物降解萘的研究进展* 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
萘的生物降解具有低成本,效果佳,无二次污染等优势,受到全世界的广泛关注。本文从萘降解菌的种类、降解质粒与降解基因的开发与研究、三种降解途径的发展以及表面活性剂、菌体固定化技术和有机溶剂在萘降解和环境污染治理当中的应用情况等方面综述了生物降解萘的发展历程。从降解菌株的研究和表面活性剂以及生物技术手段的应用情况等角度分析了目前生物降解萘还存在的问题,并为解决这些问题提出了合理的方案。论述了两相体系技术在生物降解萘上的可应性,对其强大的发展潜力进行了展望。 相似文献
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环境雌激素的微生物代谢 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
环境雌激素作为一类重要的新型环境污染物,可通过干扰生物体的内分泌系统危害生物体健康。微生物降解是去除环境雌激素与进行环境修复的主要手段。本文归纳整理了目前研究较深入的雌激素降解微生物,类比阐述了其预测的降解通路与降解机制,并对后续环境雌激素降解研究的主要内容与方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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油脂下脚料中残油微生物降解初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以油脂降解菌Bacillus sp DE-8为出发菌,对油脂下脚料中的残油生物降解条件进行初步研究。结果表明:该菌对油脂下脚料降解条件为:起始pH值为8,接种量4%、摇床转速为150r.min-1、温度为32℃、发酵72h,该菌株对菜籽饼的降解率可达78.8%。 相似文献
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有机磷酸酯(Organophosphate Esters,OPEs)阻燃剂/塑化剂对人类有潜在的健康风险并且广泛分布在各种环境介质中,为应对OPEs带来的挑战,绿色、高效的生物降解方式成为了当前的研究热点。文章目的是叙述目前已知的OPEs的生物降解过程及机制,主要围绕TBP、TPHP这2种热点OPEs来描述生物降解途径及其中间产物。综合来看,生物降解OPEs的主要途径是通过水解作用、羟基化作用或者甲氧基化作用来实现的,在降解过程中细胞色素P450起关键作用,最终多数降解菌能够将OPEs矿化为无机磷酸盐及其他小分子化合物,能够实现对环境的无害化。 相似文献
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Rhizodegradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), may benefit from the major role that root exudates have on rhizospheric microbial processes. We investigated the influence of the proximity to ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) roots on microbial populations and their biodegradation of phenanthrene (PHE) using compartmented pots. PAH degrading bacteria, total heterotrophic bacteria and PHE biodegradation were quantified in three consecutive sections at different distance (0–3, 3–6, 6–9 mm) from a mat of actively exuding roots. A bacterial gradient was observed with higher numbers of heterotrophs and PAH degrading bacteria closest to the roots. In parallel, a PHE biodegradation gradient was evident in the presence of roots. The biodegradation reached 86%, 48% and 36% of initially added PHE, respectively, in the layers 0–3 mm, 3–6 and 6–9 mm from the roots. The biodegradation rate was similar throughout the three layers of the non planted control. The present experimental system seems well suited for spatial and dynamic studies of PAH rhizoremediation. 相似文献
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Since polymeric materials do not decompose easily, disposal of waste polymers is a serious environmental concern. Widespread studies on the biodegradation of rubbers have been carried out in order to overcome the environmental problems associated with rubber waste. This report provides an overview on the microbial degradation of natural and synthetic rubbers. Rubber degrading microbes, bacteria and fungi, are ubiquitous in the environment especially soil. The qualitative data like plate assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Sturm test indicated that both natural and synthetic rubbers can be degraded by microorganisms. It has confirmed that the enzymes latex clearing protein (Lcp) and rubber oxygenase A (RoxA) are responsible for the degradation of natural and synthetic rubbers. Lcp was obtained from Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces sp. strain K30 and RoxA from Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas sp. strain 35Y. Analysis of degradation products of natural and synthetic rubbers indicated the oxidative cleavage of double bonds in polymer backbone. Aldehydes, ketones and other carbonyl groups were detected as degradation products from cultures of various rubber degrading strains. This review emphasizes the importance of biodegradation in environmental biotechnology for waste rubber disposal. 相似文献
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Meixue Chen Rong Qi Wei An Heqing Zhang Yuansong Wei Yiqi Zhou 《Frontiers of Biology in China》2009,4(4):402-413
Pollution from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are the most serious pollution source in China now, and swine
wastewater contains high concentrations of nutrients such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand 5 (BOD5), ammonium, and emergent contaminants related to public health. Biological processes are the most popular treatment methods
for COD and ammonium removal. Considering the low operation cost, easy maintenance and high removal rate of contaminants in
recent years, nitrogen removal via nitrite and real-time control processes using oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and/or pH as parameters to control the
aerobic and anaerobic cycles of a system has received much attention for animal wastewater treatment. During the biological
treatment process, the emergent contaminants such as estrogen, antibiotics, and disinfection reagents have been the focus
of research recently, and degradation bacteria and resistance bacteria have also been extracted from activated sludge. The
microbial analysis technique is also advancement in the field of biodegradation bacteria and resistance bacteria. All of these
advancements in research serve to improve wastewater treatment and decrease environmental hazards, especially for using manure
as a fertilizer source for crop production. 相似文献
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聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)塑料是全球通用合成树脂中产量最丰富的品种,也是最难降解的塑料之一,其在环境中大量积累已造成严重的生态污染。传统的垃圾填埋、堆肥和焚烧处理技术难以满足生态环境的保护要求,生物降解是解决塑料污染问题的一种生态友好、成本低廉、前景可期的方法。本文对PE塑料的化学结构、降解微生物的种类、降解酶和代谢途径等方面进行了综述,结合国内外PE塑料生物降解的前沿和热点问题,建议重点开展高效降解菌株筛选、人工合成菌群构建、降解酶的挖掘与改造等方面的研究,为PE塑料生物降解研究提供路径选择和理论借鉴。 相似文献
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塑料处理不当造成的污染问题已成为全球性难题。目前的解决办法除回收利用与使用可生物降解塑料替代之外,最主要途径仍是寻求高效的塑料降解方法。其中,采用微生物或酶处理塑料的方法因其具有条件温和、不产生次生环境污染的优势而受到越来越多的关注。塑料生物降解技术的核心是高效解聚微生物/酶,然而当前的分析检测方法无法满足塑料生物降解资源的高效筛选,因此开发准确、快速的塑料降解过程分析方法,对于生物降解资源筛选和降解效能评价具有重要意义。本文介绍了近年来在塑料生物降解领域的常用分析检测技术,包括高效液相色谱、红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱以及透明圈测定等,重点讨论了荧光分析策略在快速表征塑料生物降解过程中的应用,为进一步规范塑料生物降解过程的表征与分析研究,以及开发更高效的塑料生物降解资源筛选方法提供借鉴。 相似文献