环境工程微生物学考核方式改革与实践

环境工程微生物学是环境工程专业的重要专业基础课,本文对环境工程微生物学考核方式改革进行探索,论述了教学改革的具体实施办法和课程改革成效。课程考核采用考试、课堂表现、作业、小组讨论和课程论文相结合的方式进行。通过考核,使学生变被动学习为主动学习,加强学生对知识的掌握;提高学生文献检索能力,使其关注学科前沿,具备基本的科研理念;培养学生团队合作意识;培养学生学以致用的能力。环境工程微生物学考核的实施贯穿整个课程的学习过程,取得了较好的教学效果。     

微生物学课程教学考核方式初探与实践

阐述了微生物学课堂教学中知识竞赛这种新型的考核方式在教学实践中的教学实施与教学效果。这种考核方式的实施,促使学生变被动学习为主动学习;加强了学生检索与整理文献的能力;培养了学生团队交流与合作意识;激发创新思维的科学态度与科研理念。知识竞赛这种新型的考核方式取得了较为理想的教学效果。     

浅谈生物学课的知识竞赛复习模式

复习课 (无论单元复习、专项复习还是总复习 )是日常教学中的重要环节。高效率的复习课对于学生的知识构建、能力提高具有重要的作用。在单元复习课教学中 ,我尝试着改变教学方式 ,将小组知识竞赛模式引入生物学复习课的教学。这样 ,以知识竞赛为依托既可提高学习兴趣 ,又可通过组内讨论达到促进组员共同进步的目的 ;充分调动每个组员的能动性 ,达到学习优秀者“吃得饱”、吃力者“吃得下”的效果 ,同时又可培养协作精神和表述能力。从学生反馈、课堂反映及测试结果来看 ,这种教学也确实既能继承传统复习课教学优点 ,又能在复习课上调动学生…     

少数民族班级兽医微生物学实验课教学内容及考核方式改革

兽医微生物学是动物医学专业的专业基础课,实验课是本课程重要的组成部分,对达成课程目标及后续课程的学习均具有重要的意义。为解决兽医微生物学实验课教学中主要存在的“痛点”问题,有效提高少数民族学生实验水平。通过合理编排实验内容、采用“竞赛式”考核方式将405名少数民族学生随机分为实验组和对照组,分别采用改革后的教学模式与传统教学模式进行授课。通过对比分析两组学生的考试成绩及调查问卷得知：实验组学生的考试成绩、实验操作能力、创新能力、资料处理及分析问题的能力较对照组学生均有显著的提高,表明教学改革取得了良好的效果。     

湖北省大学生微生物学实验技能竞赛的总结与思考

微生物学实验技能竞赛是湖北省大学生生物实验技能竞赛的主要组成部分.通过问卷调查以及不同高校类型各知识点的得分情况,对微生物学实验技能竞赛进行分析.结果 表明,部委属、省属公立和民办高校成绩总分相差较小,但部委属高校选手对应用性知识掌握较好;选手具有抓不住重点、应变能力欠缺、知识无法灵活运用、操作不规范、编制实验报告能力...     

微生物学实验教学考核评价体系的建立及实施

本文阐述了微生物学实验“三多”教学考核评价体系的建立、在教学实践中的实施过程和教学效果。“三多”评价体系主要是指教学考核方面多、角度多、层次多。该评价体系的实施, 促使学生变被动学习为主动学习; 建立了微生物学实践技术操作理念和思维; 激发了学生探究科学、积极创新的热情; “三多”评价体系得到学生肯定, 取得了比较理想的教学效果。     

临床微生物学课堂教学开讲方式的探索

临床微生物学课堂教学开讲方式的探索潘绍武（第三军医大学,重庆６３００３８）俗话说：“好的开始是成功的一半”。在课堂教学中,开场白虽话语不多、时间不长,但却十分重要。讲好开场白有两大作用：第一、有助于镇定教师本人的情绪,增强讲好一堂课的信心,第二、增强...     

工科微生物学课程考核方法改革的初探

微生物学新的考核方法——应用计算机辅助教学课件《微生物学导师系统》,让学生复习测验微生物学的基本理论知识,让学生自己设计一个微生物新产品,通过查阅资料写出可行性报告,并进行论证。这有利于培养学生的创新能力、自学能力和表达能力,有利于开阔学生的视野,启迪学生的思维,激发学生敢为人先的探索精神。     

综合性、研究型微生物学实验课的过程性考核

建立了与综合性、研究型微生物学实验课和混合式教学法相适应的过程性考核方式。包括:线上课程考核:含10个单元测验和期末实验理论考试,考试成绩占总评成绩的20%;实施基于综合能力和思维方式培养的高阶性考核:将模块一的4个实验报告制作成论文墙报将模块二的5个实验报告撰写成科技论文,将模块三的3个实验报告整合成水质检验报告,开展微生物培养皿艺术大赛,高阶性考核成绩占总评成绩的30%;期末实验操作考试:由学生随机抽取2项实验操作题进行现场操作,所有指导教师现场打分,操作考试均分占总评成绩的50%。通过实践操作考核促进学生平时注重掌握实验技能。微生物学实验课的过程性评价重视学生基本实验技能的掌握以及引导学生重视综合能力和思维方式的训练,从而有助于提高生物科学类本科人才的培养质量。     

基于能力培养的环境微生物学实验课程考核模式的改革与实践

实验考核是独立设置的实验课程教学的重要组成部分,能够为提高教学质量和人才培养提供强有力的支持和保障。结合环境微生物学实验课程特点,构建了以网络预习考核、基础性实验课堂考核和设计性实验实训考核为核心,以科学评价和培养学生综合能力为目标的全过程多元化微生物实验考核体系,并就考核各阶段的具体实施方案、实施效果等问题进行了深入探讨,以期发挥考核的积极反拨作用,不断提高实验教学质量,激发学生实验兴趣,培养动手实践能力和创新思维。     

Effects of selected nonmusical characteristics and band festival participation,scores, and literature difficulty

The purpose of this study was to examine potential validity concerns regarding the use of music festival scores as an element of value-added assessment practices mandated by federal education policy. Nonmusical school and band characteristics of band size, school enrollment, school percentage of minority enrollment, and school percentage of students eligible for free and reduced-price lunch were compared to concert band festival participation, scores, and literature selection. Results of a one-way ANOVA revealed that schools with lower enrollments and higher percentages of minority students and students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch programs were less likely to participate in a concert band festival. MANOVA results using composite festival score and literature difficulty as dependent variables indicated a significant three-way interaction for school size, free/reduced-price lunch category, and band size, with an additional interaction for minority category and school enrollment. Significant main effects were found for band size and for school enrollment. Composite festival scores were found to be higher for schools with a lower percentage of minority students and larger band sizes. Smaller bands, as well as bands from schools with lower enrollment and higher percentages of students eligible for free and reduced-price lunch, tended to perform less difficult literature. These results suggest that policymakers should recommend caution in the use of festival results for teacher evaluation purposes.     

微生物学课程建设的实践与探索

加强课程建设是提高教育质量的重要举措。介绍了在微生物学课程建设实践中的做法和体会。从加强师资队伍的建设,课程建设规划的制定,优化教学内容,改进教学方法,加强实践教学,完善考核体系等方面进行探索和实践,取得了较好的效果,提高了教学质量。     

农林生态系统的大气调节功能及价值核算方法

农林生态系统的生态服务功能之一是对大气环境的调节作用。归纳了农林生态系统吸收和释放气体的途径、测定方法及相关因素,以及农业管理方式和大气环境变化对农林生态系统的影响方式。从固C释O、吸收或排放CH₄和N₂O、净化SO₂等3部分提出了农林生态系统调节大气生态功能的核算公式,并列举了有关参数。根据核算,佛山市农林生态系统调节大气生态功能总价值18.18亿元。     

临床医学八年制医学微生物教学改革的探索与体会

在临床医学八年制医学微生物教学改革实践中,对传统讲授式教学与案例讨论式教学作了比较.在结合临床病例教学时,应注重进一步夯实学生医学微生物学基础理论,使传统教学方式与讨论式教学方式优势互补.讨论式教学在医学微生物学教学中的运用是一个循序渐进的过程,教师自身的专业理论水平与教学思路创新是教学改革成功的关键之一.     

微生物学课程绪论课教学的探索与实践

绪论课教学在整个微生物课程教学中起着至关重要的作用。本文结合大连大学的教学目标从教学定位、教学实施2个方面对绪论课教学进行了探索,经过一定时间的实践,取得了较好的教学效果。     

A metaproteomic assessment of winter and summer bacterioplankton from Antarctic Peninsula coastal surface waters

A metaproteomic survey of surface coastal waters near Palmer Station on the Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, was performed, revealing marked differences in the functional capacity of summer and winter communities of bacterioplankton. Proteins from Flavobacteria were more abundant in the summer metaproteome, whereas winter was characterized by proteins from ammonia-oxidizing Marine Group I Crenarchaeota. Proteins prevalent in both seasons were from SAR11 and Rhodobacterales clades of Alphaproteobacteria, as well as many lineages of Gammaproteobacteria. The metaproteome data were used to elucidate the main metabolic and energy generation pathways and transport processes occurring at the microbial level in each season. In summer, autotrophic carbon assimilation appears to be driven by oxygenic photoautotrophy, consistent with high light availability and intensity. In contrast, during the dark polar winter, the metaproteome supported the occurrence of chemolithoautotrophy via the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle and the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, respectively. Proteins involved in nitrification were also detected in the metaproteome. Taurine appears to be an important source of carbon and nitrogen for heterotrophs (especially SAR11), with transporters and enzymes for taurine uptake and degradation abundant in the metaproteome. Divergent heterotrophic strategies for Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria were indicated by the metaproteome data, with Alphaproteobacteria capturing (by high-affinity transport) and processing labile solutes, and Flavobacteria expressing outer membrane receptors for particle adhesion to facilitate the exploitation of non-labile substrates. TonB-dependent receptors from Gammaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria (particularly in summer) were abundant, indicating that scavenging of substrates was likely an important strategy for these clades of Southern Ocean bacteria. This study provides the first insight into differences in functional processes occurring between summer and winter microbial communities in coastal Antarctic waters, and particularly highlights the important role that ‘dark'' carbon fixation has in winter.     

高职院校微生物实验改革探索

微生物实验课程是一门基础的专业实验课程。针对高职院校微生物学实验教学中存在的问题,通过对学生能动性的提高、教学内容的完善、实验操作技能的提升、考核方式的改革以及综合性实验的开设等方面的探讨,深化微生物学实验教学改革。     

畜牧业可持续发展的综合评价

畜牧业可持续发展的评价不仅有助于了解目前畜牧业发展的现状和程度,而且对于预测畜牧业发展的趋势,制定畜牧产业政策及相应的法律法规都具有重要的意义．首先,简述了畜牧业可持续发展的含义．然后,在分析现有的可持续发展评价理论和研究方法的基础上,针对畜牧业发展的特点,提出了以环境经济学为手段,以生态承载能力理论为基础,借助生态资源、环境功能价值的货币化表达。评价畜牧业可持续发展的一整套评价理论和方法．最后,对畜牧业可持续发展的具体评价方法以及评价指标的选取作了简要的阐述．     

A new direct method of stock assessment of the loliginid squid

Hydroacoustic research conducted on chokka squid (Loligo reynaudi d’Orbigny, 1845), off the east coast of South Africa from 1994–2005, has led to the development of an innovative stock assessment technique, perhaps applicable to all loliginids that migrate inshore to spawn. This technique combines hydroacoustic biomass estimates made on the spawning concentrations inshore, and minimum biomass estimates made both inshore and offshore using demersal surveys employing the swept-area method. The hydroacoustic estimate uses an improved method to obtain target strength measurements, and squid concentrations are individually mapped from a small boat with a towed transducer. This method may be used even during intense fishing operations because of the manoeuvrability of the small boat inside a tight cluster of fishing vessels. Biomasses of the individual concentrations are then summed. The inshore biomass, also includes dispersed, mature squid migrating between concentrations, this is assessed using a concentration stability factor. The biomass of dispersed squid offshore is again calculated using the swept-area method, a well known demersal survey methodology. The biomass of concentrated (spawning) squid offshore is calculated using the same proportions between concentrated and dispersed squid which were found inshore. All four components are then summed to calculate the total biomass. The result obtained is subject to the effect of complex temporal dynamics, as new animals are recruited to the adult pool and those recently assessed migrate to other sectors of the distribution area.     

Conservation of freshwater fish resources of India: new approaches, assessment and challenges

The freshwater resources of India are currently experiencing an alarming decline in fish biodiversity due to several factors and as a result, a sizeable portion of fresh water fishes have been categorized as threatened. This emphasizes an immediate need for initiating research and actions for alternative management techniques to protect these aquatic systems. One such option that has potential to protect freshwater ecosystem from numerous threats is the creation of freshwater aquatic sanctuary (FAS) within protected area network. Though similar conservation practices are well established in the terrestrial and marine ecosystem, however, the work on freshwater systems has been very slow and negligible. In the present communication we conceptualized the need and approach for developing FAS within the protected area network based on our observations in the water bodies of the selected wildlife sanctuaries in Northern India as well as success stories of some other countries. In this study we assessed the fish diversity in the selected protected areas of Northern India. The assessment indicated that these sanctuaries harbor 28.26–31.13% of freshwater fishes, which are threatened in other areas. Apart from Indian Major Carps, Tor putitora, Chitala chitala, Pangasius pangasius, Clupisoma gerua, Ailia coila, Aorichthys aor, Wallago attu, Rhinomugil corsula, Ompok pabda, Ombok pabo etc. were the important species encountered in the protected waters. The various issues related to FAS including objectives, approach, potential tools, implementation and management are discussed towards saving endangered fish germplasm resources. Approaches, tools and modus operandi proposed in this communication could be utilized by other developing countries in the region.