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北红尾鸲的鸟巢行为观察张晏,谭亚娣(清化大学生物系91级北京100084)北红尾鸲Phoenicurusaurocusauroreus(Pallas)属雀形目,鸫科,红尾鸲属,英文名为DaurianRedstart。1993年6月27日至7月5日我们... 相似文献
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生活在徂徕山林场的北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus),筑巢前雄鸟寻选巢址,雄、雌鸟共同筑巢,筑巢材料多种,多是雌鸟衔运。每年筑巢二次,均于墙洞内,并对巢区有依恋性。巢筑完后开始产卵,每窝4—5枚。第一窝产于4—5月上旬、第二窝为6月,1986年6月见一窝产1卵而弃巢。雌鸟孵卵,孵卵期12天。雏鸟由雄、雌亲鸟共同饲育,每雏每次喂一至多种和多只昆虫。每日喂雏有三次高蜂,5—7时是一日中喂雏活动最频时刻。11天163小时喂雏1317次,雄鸟喂雏715次、雌鸟602次。12日龄喂雏192次为最多一天。12、13日龄,雌鸟每日喂雏次数多于雄鸟。 相似文献
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又到四月,和煦的春风温暖了大地,吹绿了山林。“滴、滴、滴:一阵熟悉的鸟叫声传来,随着枝叶的晃动,一个美丽的身影跃上枝头,北红尾鸲一边沐浴着清晨的阳光,一边娓娓地唱着情歌。 相似文献
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又到四月,和煦的春风温暖了大地,吹绿了山林。“滴、滴、滴:一阵熟悉的鸟叫声传来,随着枝叶的晃动,一个美丽的身影跃上枝头,北红尾鸲一边沐浴着清晨的阳光,一边娓娓地唱着情歌。 相似文献
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北红尾鸲是本溪地区的夏候鸟。它每年3月中旬从南方迁来,9月上旬开始南迁越冬,居留期约六个月。居留期间,多栖息于山地下部的林缘,于树洞、墙缝、石缝、林区附近居民点的屋檐下或柴草垛缝隙中营巢,也进住人工招引巢箱。它每年4月中旬至5月中旬和6月中旬至8月初连续繁殖两窝雏鸟。食物主要以鳞翅目昆虫为主,占其食物总数的52.3%,其它目的昆虫数量较少。所食的昆虫90%以上都属于森林害虫。在森林内挂设人工制作的巢箱可以招引。主要天敌有花鼠、飞鼠、蛇、雀鹰、乌鸦等。 相似文献
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2009年至2012年期间,在甘肃莲花山自然保护区共发现91个白腹短翅鸲(Hodgsonius phaenicuroides)巢,其中15巢被大杜鹃(Cuculus canorus)寄生,寄生率为16.48%。根据对13枚寄生的大杜鹃卵的观察,其中12枚卵色为浅蓝色,与白腹短翅鸲的深蓝绿色卵差异明显,仅1枚与白腹短翅鸲卵色一致。大杜鹃与白腹短翅鸲的卵重(t =11.208, df=38, P<0.001)和卵短径(t=0.970,df=38, P<0.001)差异极显著。白腹短翅鸲具有识别大杜鹃卵的能力,15巢中只有4巢接受寄生卵并继续孵化,7巢成功识别,剩余4巢无法确定是否识别。白腹短翅鸲为雌鸟单独孵卵,推测识别大杜鹃卵可能只与雌鸟有关。 相似文献
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为探讨北方迁徙性鸟类北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus)在越冬环境的代谢特征及体温调节,本文采用开放式氧气分析仪和数字式温度测量仪测定了在环境温度(Ta) 5、10、15、20、25、27.5、30、32.5、35、37.5、40℃条件下的代谢率(MR)和体温(Tb),并计算不同温度的热传导(C)。结果表明:在Ta为5~35℃范围内,北红尾鸲的Tb基本维持恒定,平均为40.3±0.1℃;热中性区(TNZ)为25~35℃;基础代谢率(BMR)为50.25±1.35 mL O2·h-1,是Londo1o等(2015)体重预期值的151%;在Ta为5~25℃范围内,MR随Ta的降低而显著增加,回归方程为:MR (m L O2·h-1)=99.65-1.93Ta(r=-0.707,P<0.001);高于35℃时,MR随Ta升高增加;当Ta为40℃时,MR达到59.78±1.31 mL O2·h-1;在Ta为5~25℃范围内,北红尾鸲的C最低且基本保持恒定,为0.17±0.01 mL O2·g-1·h-1·℃-1,是Aschoff(1981)体重预测值的111%;北红尾鸲的基本热生物学特征为较高的Tb、BMR和C以及较宽的TNZ,具有北方地区小型鸟类的代谢特点。 相似文献
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北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus)是一种分布广泛的小型雀形目鸟类,主要分布于南亚东北部,东南亚北部、东亚及俄罗斯等地区,我国东北、华北、华中至西南等地也均有分布,是重要的食虫益鸟。为探究北红尾鸲巢址选择的影响因素,找到影响北红尾鸲繁殖成功率的主要巢址因子,于2017年4—7月,在辽宁仙人洞国家级自然保护区开展系统研究。共发现北红尾鸲自然巢44个,其中29巢繁殖成功,15巢繁殖失败。北红尾鸲主要筑巢于石墙缝、空心砖墙缝及废旧电表箱中。巢址参数的主成分分析结果表明:巢口因子(27.738%)、巢位因子(14.195%)、光照因子(12.145%)、人为干扰因子(10.440%)、安全因子(9.266%)和隐蔽因子(7.187%)是影响北红尾鸲巢址选择的重要因子。采用二元逻辑斯蒂回归分析繁殖成功巢与失败巢参数发现,成功巢的巢口最大高度显著小于失败巢(P=0.047),且其距顶的距离更近(P=0.043)。多元线性回归分析表明,巢上方盖度对繁殖成功率有极显著影响(t=2.883,P=0.009)。总的来说,北红尾鸲虽偏爱筑巢于人为干扰较大的村庄房屋附近,但较小的巢口能有效避免巢捕食者的捕食,更近的距顶距离和更大的巢上方盖度能有效降低巢上方的可视程度和降水等不利因素的影响,从而提高繁殖成功率。 相似文献
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郭瑞;章叔岩;翁东明;程樟峰;王向军 《四川动物》2016,35(6)
2015年和2016年的5-7月,在浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区野外调查期间发现一处北红尾鸲Phoenicurus auroreus巢址,并对其繁殖习性进行了观察。结果表明:北红尾鸲在本地为冬候鸟,但首次发现该种鸟类夏季在此繁殖;北红尾鸲的繁殖期为5月下旬至7月中旬,5月下旬开始营巢,持续10 d左右,巢穴外径7.5 cm×5.8 cm、巢深3.2 cm,巢材由苔藓、体羽、禾本科杂草茎等组成;6月中旬产卵,窝卵数为4~5枚(2015年产卵4枚、2016年产卵5枚),孵化期11~12 d,巢内育雏14 d。推测冬候鸟北红尾鸲在此繁殖可能与气候变化有关。 相似文献
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了解杜鹃(Cuculus spp.)对不同宿主鸟类的巢寄生,是研究杜鹃与其宿主之间协同进化的重要基础资料。大杜鹃(Cuculus canorus)和家燕(Hirundo rustica)分布遍及全国,且为同域分布,但两者之间的寄生现象尚未有过系统调查。2012年和2014年4~8月,对繁殖于吉林市昌邑区桦皮厂镇(34°58′44.18″N,126°13′26.83″E,海拔184 m)和海南岛的家燕种群进行调查,结果表明,吉林市昌邑区桦皮厂镇家燕种群的寄生率为2.4%(1/42),而在海南岛所调查的1 719个家燕巢未发现杜鹃寄生现象。同时在网络上搜集家燕巢寄生的报道案例,共记录到13巢家燕被大杜鹃寄生繁殖,均发生在北方的家燕种群。 相似文献
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本文描述了三个地区大杜鹃(Cuculus canorus)雌鸟鸣声的日节律。通过在北京野鸭湖湿地公园(2017年5月7日至7月8日)、辽宁辽河口自然保护区(2018年6月28日至7月29日)和吉林大岗子林场(2018年5月17日至7月10日)分别布设自动录音机10台、10台和8台,连续记录繁殖季大杜鹃的鸣声。共录到2 777次大杜鹃雌鸟的鸣叫。其中,1 431次来自北京野鸭湖湿地公园,1 222次来自辽宁辽河口自然保护区,124次来自吉林大岗子林场。野鸭湖湿地公园和辽河口自然保护区的大杜鹃雌鸟在日出时段出现鸣叫的高峰,而大岗子林场的大杜鹃在日出和日落时段各有一个鸣叫的高峰。通过比较大杜鹃雌鸟鸣声的日节律和大杜鹃产卵时间的日节律,本研究认为在上述地区大杜鹃雌鸟鸣叫的功能更可能是宣示领域和吸引异性,而非恐吓宿主。本研究有助于进一步了解大杜鹃雌鸟鸣声的功能。 相似文献
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The spatial habitat structure of host populations explains the pattern of rejection behavior in hosts and parasitic adaptations in cuckoos 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
Roskaft Eivin; Moksnes Arne; Stokke Bard G.; Moskat Csaba; Honza Marcel 《Behavioral ecology》2002,13(2):163-168
In this article we present tentative support for predictionsderived from a spatial habitat structure hypothesis arguingthat common cuckoos Cuculus canorus, the most common obligatebrood parasite in Europe, only breed in areas where they haveaccess to vantage points in trees. Thus, species in which somepopulations breed near trees while other populations breed fartherfrom trees have a different cuckoohost population dynamicthan species in which all populations always breed in the vicinityof trees. Parasitism rate, mimicry of brood parasite eggs withthose of the hosts, and rejection behavior of hosts varieswith the host breeding habitat. Cuckoos are best adapted toexploit species in which some populations breed near trees whileother populations breed in open areas because such hosts arenot always accessible to cuckoos, and thus gene flow amongunparasitized and parasitized populations delays the evolutionof host adaptations. Adaptive behavior in cuckoos as well asin their hosts can be predicted from the spatial habitat structurehypothesis. 相似文献
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2015年4~8月,在贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区,记录到1巢白腹短翅鸲(Hodgsonius phaenicuroides)被鹰鹃(Cuculus sparverioides)寄生,寄生率为1/16(n=16)。发现时白腹短翅鸲巢内有1枚白色的寄生卵和2枚蓝色的寄主卵,且卵已凉,疑为亲鸟弃巢。鹰鹃卵重6.09 g,卵大小20.20 mm×27.73 mm;两枚白腹短翅鸲的卵重分别为2.34 g和2.40 g,大小分别为20.05 mm×14.94 mm和19.95 mm×15.09 mm。鹰鹃的卵重量(6.09 g)和大小(27.73 mm×20.20 mm)均明显大于白腹短翅鸲的卵。卵色光谱测量结果表明,鹰鹃和白腹短翅鸲卵色的反射光谱图差别明显,鹰鹃卵在色度和色调上明显低于白腹短翅鸲,但卵色亮度却明显比白腹短翅鸲卵高,为典型的非模拟寄生卵。 相似文献
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A comparative analysis of the evolution of variation in appearance of eggs of European passerines in relation to brood parasitism 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
Host of brood parasites increase the ability of rejecting cuckooeggs by production of (1) a clutch with little variation amongeggs and (2) a clutch that differs the most from the modal phenotypeof the population. These hypotheses have been tested by Øienet at. (1995), although they did not control for common phylogeneticancestry. We analyze the evolution of egg color and markingpatterns in European passerines, which are potential hosts ofdie European cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), using Felsenstein's (1985)independent comparative method to control for the effect ofcommon phylogenetic descent We found a significant positiverelationship between interclutch variation in appearance ofhost eggs and parasitism rate, but this relationship disappearedwhen hole-nesting species were excluded from the analysis; andwe found a highly significant multiple regression between rejectionrate and intra- and interclutch variation in egg appearance,even when hole nesters were excluded from the analysis. Thepartial correlation coefficients were negative for intraclutchvariation and positive with interclutch variation in agreementwidi the hypotheses. Therefore, the use of the independent comparativemethod strengthens the hypothesis that the evolution of eggpatterns in hosts is associated with different stages of coevolutionwith the brood parasite. 相似文献
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Vladimir Dinets Kristaps Sokolovskis Daniel Hanley Mark E. Hauber 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2018,89(2):117-125
Two species of obligate brood‐parasitic Cuculus cuckoos are expanding their ranges in Beringia. Both now breed on the Asian side, close to the Bering Strait, and are found in Alaska during the breeding season. From May to July 2017, we used painted 3D‐printed model eggs of two cuckoo host‐races breeding in northeastern Siberia to test behavioral responses of native songbirds on both sides of the Bering Strait, with particular attention to species that are known cuckoo hosts in their Siberian range. Each host nest was tested after the second egg was laid and, if possible, again 4 days later with a model of a different type. Although our Siberian study site was also outside the known breeding ranges of the cuckoos, we found that Siberian birds had strong anti‐parasite responses, with 14 of 22 models rejected. In contrast, birds in Alaska had virtually no detectable anti‐parasite behaviors, with only one of 96 models rejected; the rejecters were Red‐throated Pipits (Anthus cervinus). Such differences suggest that the cuckoos might successfully parasitize naïve hosts and become established in North America whether or not their historic host species are widely available. 相似文献
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C. N. SPOTTISWOODE 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2010,23(8):1792-1799
Cuckoo eggs are renowned for their mimicry of different host species, leading to the evolution of host‐specific races (or ‘gentes’) defined by egg colour and pattern. This study aims to test the prediction that another property of parasitic eggs, namely shell strength, might also have experienced divergent selection within cuckoo species. Host races of the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus encountering stronger host rejection have thicker‐shelled eggs than those parasitising less discriminating species, as expected if egg strengthening discourages host rejection. Moreover, in the diederik cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius, eggshell thickness was correlated across cuckoo gentes and host species, as expected if eggshell strength has been involved in coevolutionary interactions. This is the first report of host‐specific differences in cuckoo egg properties other than colour and pattern and lends correlational support to the hypothesis that the strong eggshells of brood parasites are an adaptation to reduce host rejection. 相似文献
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邵玲;粟通萍;霍娟;姚小刚;梁伟 《四川动物》2016,35(2):235-237
: 2015年4-8月,在贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区记录到小杜鹃Cuculus poliocephalus在小鳞胸鹪鹛Pnoepyga pusilla巢中寄生繁殖。发现时小鳞胸鹪鹛已处于孵卵后期,巢内有1枚红棕色的小杜鹃寄生卵和3枚小鳞胸鹪鹛的白色卵。小杜鹃卵质量为2.55 g,体积2.72 cm3,小鳞胸鹪鹛卵质量(1.64±0.16)g(n=7),体积(1.65±0.08)cm3(n=7),两者的卵在颜色和大小上差别明显。光纤光谱仪对卵色的测量和分析结果表明,小鳞胸鹪鹛的卵色亮度显著高于小杜鹃,小杜鹃的卵为高度非模拟寄生卵。这是小鳞胸鹪鹛被小杜鹃寄生的第二例报道,说明其可能是小杜鹃的适宜寄主。 相似文献
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Stokke BG Moksnes A Røskaft E 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2002,56(1):199-205
Many passerine host species have counteracted the parasite egg mimicry in their coevolutionary arms race with the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) by evolving increased interclutch and reduced intraclutch variation in egg appearance. Such variations make it easier for hosts to recognize a foreign egg, reduce the possibility of making recognition errors, and reduce the ability of the cuckoo to mimic the eggs of a particular host. Here, we investigate if such clutch characteristics have evolved among North American passerines. We predict that due to the absence of brood parasites with egg mimicry on this continent, these passerines should (1) not show any relationship between rejection rates and intra- or interclutch variation, and (2) intraclutch variation should be lower and interclutch variation higher in European hosts exposed to cuckoo parasitism as compared to North American hosts parasitized by cowbirds. Here we present data that show support for most of these and other predictions, as well as when controlling statistically for effects of common descent. However, the effect of continent on intraclutch variation was less than predicted and we discuss a possible reason for this. All things considered, the results demonstrate that parasitism by a specialist brood parasite with egg mimicry is a powerful selective force regarding the evolution of egg characteristics in passerine birds. 相似文献