共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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异养硝化-好氧反硝化(heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrification,HN-AD)菌的发现打破了传统的脱氮理论,可以在有氧条件下同时进行硝化和反硝化,成为近年来的研究热点。HN-AD细菌在海洋氮循环中发挥着重要作用。本文对海洋环境中HN-AD菌的多样性和部分已知氮代谢途径及相关酶系进行了介绍,分析了盐度、碳氮比、溶解氧、pH等环境因素对HN-AD菌脱氮效果的影响,对其工艺和技术应用、前景和发展方向进行了综述和展望。 相似文献
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一株海水异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌系统发育及脱氮特性 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
【目的】确定一株分离自海水的异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的系统发育地位并探索其脱氮特性和机理,以期为解释异养硝化-好氧反硝化机理以及改进海水养殖及废水的生物脱氮工艺提供理论依据。【方法】通过形态观察、生理生化实验和16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌株;通过测定菌株在不同无机氮源降解测试液中的生长和脱氮效率,分析其异养硝化和好氧反硝化性能。【结果】经鉴定该菌株属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas);最适生长条件为盐度3%、pH 8.5、温度28℃、碳氮比10:1,在盐度为15%的培养液中仍能生长;可以同时去除氨氮、亚硝酸氮和硝酸氮,24 h时对NH4+-N、NO2--N、和NO3--N的去除率可分别达到98.29%、99.07%、96.48%,3种形态无机氮同时存在时,会优先利用NH4+-N,且总无机氮去除率较单一存在时更高,说明该菌株可实现同步硝化反硝化。【结论】该分离自海水的异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),在高盐环境中仍能生长,同时具有高效的异养硝化和好氧反硝化能力,能够独立完成脱氮的全部过程。 相似文献
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水体氮素污染日益严重,如何经济、高效地去除水体氮素已成为研究热点。近年来,研究人员已从不同环境中分离到许多同时具有异养硝化和好氧反硝化功能的菌株,此类菌生长迅速,可在好氧条件下同时实现硝化和反硝化的过程,并可用于脱除有机污染物,是一类应用潜力巨大的脱氮菌。目前,异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的脱氮途径和机制主要是通过测定氮循环中间产物或终产物、测定相关酶活性、注释部分氮循环相关基因及参考自养硝化菌和缺氧反硝化菌的氮循环途径等进行研究,其完整的氮素转化途径和氮代谢机制还需要进一步明确。总结了目前异养硝化-好养反硝化菌的脱氮相关酶系及其编码基因的研究进展,以期为异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的理论研究及其在污水脱氮处理上的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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为了获得异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株,从养殖池塘污泥中分离筛选到一株具有异养硝化-好氧反硝化能力的酵母菌,命名为DW-1。经形态学观察和26S rDNA序列分析后鉴定为皱褶念珠菌DW-1(Diutina rugosa DW-1)。以氨氮为唯一氮源,初步探讨了碳源、C/N、初始pH值、培养温度、摇床转速对菌株DW-1除氮性能的影响。结果表明,在以乙酸钠为唯一碳源,C/N为25,pH为6.0、适宜培养温度为32℃、转速为170 r/min的条件下,菌株DW-1氨氮降解率和总氮去除率分别为94.94%、48.69%,而整个过程中亚硝氮积累量仅为0.067 mg/L。皱褶念珠菌DW-1的异养硝化-好氧反硝化特性表明其在降解含氮废水方面具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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【背景】城市垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂的有机废水,含氮量高,如果未经处理直接排放到环境中会造成严重的环境污染。【目的】筛选可以耐受垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮并高效去除污水中氮素的异养硝化好氧反硝化菌株,为解决垃圾渗滤液的氮素污染提供功能菌株。【方法】从垃圾渗滤液中筛选分离能耐受高氨氮浓度的菌株,通过测定各菌株的脱氮能力,筛选到一株脱氮能力最强的菌株,命名为U1,通过测定16S rRNA基因序列和生理生化特性确定该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌。进一步研究了菌株U1在不同初始氨氮浓度、碳源、转速、初始pH、碳氮比等单因素变量下的脱氮能力,并结合L9(34)正交试验研究了菌株U1的最佳脱氮条件。【结果】分离出一株铜绿假单胞菌并命名为U1。该菌株的最优脱氮条件为:初始氨氮浓度为1 000 mg/L,红糖和柠檬酸三钠的混合碳源,pH 6.0,C/N为10,转速为130 r/min,菌株U1的最大总氮去除率为64.37%,最大氨氮去除率为76.73%。对于总氮和氨氮含量分别是2 345 mg/L和1 473.8 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,菌株U1最大总氮去除率为27.86%... 相似文献
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好氧反硝化菌脱氮特性研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
好氧反硝化菌的发现,是对传统反硝化理论的丰富与突破. 由于其在脱氮方面的独特优势,已成为目前废水生物脱氮领域研究的热点. 好氧反硝化菌能够在有氧条件下,利用有机碳源生长的同时将含氮化合物反硝化生成N2等气态氮化物,多数还能同时进行异养硝化作用,将铵态氮直接转化为含氮气体. 本文从电子理论、反硝化酶系等方面对目前已分离出的一些好氧反硝化菌的脱氮特性及其脱氮机理进行探讨,分析了溶解氧、碳源类型及C/N等环境条件对其脱氮作用的影响,介绍了好氧反硝化菌的筛选方法及应用现状,对其应用前景和发展方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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一株异养硝化-反硝化不动杆菌的分离鉴定及脱氮活性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
[目的]分离筛选并鉴定一株异养硝化-反硝化细菌,并探讨其在脱氮中的作用.[方法]富集培养分离筛选微生物,通过形态观察和生理生化特征及16S rDNA鉴定细菌,定时测定其OD600研究生长曲线,正交试验研究其脱氮影响因素和最佳条件,与污水处理厂活性污泥共同作用检验其脱氮活性.[结果]分离到一株异养硝化-反硝化细菌,鉴定结果表明是一株不动杆菌,命名为Acinetobacter sp.YF14,这是已知报道的第一株进行异养硝化和好氧反硝化的不动杆菌.该菌在12 h时进入对数期,22 h时进入稳定期,45 h以后进入衰亡期.该菌能进行异养硝化,3d后氨氮和总氮的去除率可以达到92%和91%,且无硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮积累.好氧条件下该菌能进行反硝化,在硝酸盐和亚硝盐培养基中均能将氮几乎完全去除.对该菌脱氮的影响程度大小依次为转速>接种量>碳源>碳氮比> pH.当转速为160 r/min,碳源取葡萄糖,接种量1%,碳氮比为8∶1,pH为6.5时,脱氮效果最好.该菌株可以提高活性污泥对于生活污水总氮脱除率约30%.[结论]菌YF14可以明显加强活性污泥脱氮效果,显示了良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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异养硝化-好氧反硝化(heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification, HN-AD)菌是一类可在高盐环境脱氮的好氧微生物,但其工程应用效果不理想。海藻糖作为相容性溶质,通过参与调节细胞渗透压帮助微生物抵抗高盐胁迫,对提升高盐环境菌群的脱氮效率起重要作用。本研究通过启动膜曝气生物膜反应器(membrane aerobic biofilm reactor, MABR)富集HN-AD菌,设计添加150μmol/L海藻糖的C150实验组和未添加海藻糖的C0对照组,开展了外源性海藻糖对高盐胁迫下HN-AD菌群代谢的强化机制研究。反应器运行性能及群落结构分析结果显示,C150组相较C0组,NH4+-N、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)去除率分别提高29.7%、28.0%和29.1%;以不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和假黄褐藻属(Pseudofulvimonas)为优势菌属的耐盐型HN-AD菌群总相对丰度在C150组达到66.8%、较C0组提高了18.2... 相似文献
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两株异养硝化细菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
【目的】利用异养硝化培养基,从华中农业大学实验猪场污水中筛选得到2株具有较高脱氮效率的细菌。【方法】通过形态学特征及16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,对分离菌株进行了鉴定。且对菌株P2和P9降解氨氮的相关特性也作了研究。此外,将菌株单独或混合接种于猪场污水,检测其处理实际污水的脱氮效果。【结果】初步判断菌株P2为副球菌属(Paracoccus sp.),P9为申氏杆菌属(Shinella sp.)。2株细菌能在有机物存在下进行异养硝化作用,经24h培养,菌株P2和P9对氨氮的去除率可达80%左右,同时未发现亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐积累;但菌株P2,P9不能以NO 3-或NO 2-为唯一氮源发生好氧反硝化作用。菌株P2和P9异养硝化的最适碳源为丁二酸钠,最适C/N比为9,且脱氮过程中pH值从6.8到8.9一直呈上升趋势。菌株对小分子碳源具有较强的依赖性,在加入小分子碳源的情况下,其对污水具有较强的脱氮能力,且这两个菌株混合施用较单独作用氨氮去除效果更好。【结论】菌株P2和P9脱氮能力较强,其在污水处理行业具有重要的应用前景。 相似文献
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R.K. Gupta B.J. Poddar S.P. Nakhate A.R. Chavan A.K. Singh H.J. Purohit A.A. Khardenavis 《Letters in applied microbiology》2022,74(2):159-184
Bacterial species capable of performing both nitrification and denitrification in a single vessel under similar conditions have gained significance in the wastewater treatment scenario considering their unique character of performing the above reactions under heterotrophic and aerobic conditions respectively. Such a novel strategy often referred to as simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) has a tremendous potential in dealing with various wastewaters having low C : N content, considering that the process needs very little or no external carbon source and oxygen supply thus adding to its cost-effective and environmentally friendly nature. Though like other micro-organisms, heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers convert inorganic or organic nitrogen-containing substances into harmless dinitrogen gas in the wastewater, their ecophysiological role in the global nitrogen cycle is still not fully understood. Attempts to highlight the role played by the heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in dealing with nitrogen pollution under various environmental operating conditions will help in developing a mechanistic understanding of the SND process to address the issues faced by the traditional methods of aerobic autotrophic nitrification–anaerobic heterotrophic denitrification. 相似文献
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脱氮是大部分污水处理系统中不可缺少的一环。由于具有经济高效、工艺简单和无二次污染等显著优势,生物脱氮工艺在最近数十年中备受关注。根据脱氮微生物的生理特性和脱氮机制不同,文中分类综述了近年来生物脱氮工艺的研究进展,重点对比分析了硝化菌、反硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌以及以这些菌为基础的不同生物脱氮工艺的优缺点,为复杂污水环境的脱氮工艺选择提供参考。基于微生物脱氮机制,通过合成生物学技术开发高效脱氮菌株,结合不同工艺优点并应用自动化模拟最佳条件,从而建立经济高效的脱氮工艺将是未来发展的重要方向。 相似文献
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【背景】水体中含氮物质的大量累积会造成水体富营养化、水生生物死亡等问题,严重威胁水生态环境,制约我国环境保护的持续发展。【目的】为去除生活污水中的含氮污染物,从羊粪堆肥中筛选出了一株具有异养硝化-好氧反硝化功能的细菌——约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii sp.N26,研究其脱氮性能和代谢途径。【方法】测定菌株N26在氨氮和硝态氮中的生长和脱氮曲线,通过单因素试验对其脱氮性能进行优化,通过氮平衡分析和功能基因鉴定研究其脱氮代谢途径。【结果】生长和脱氮曲线表明,菌株N26对初始浓度均为50 mg/L的氨氮和硝态氮的去除速度快、效率高,其中9 h内对氨氮的去除效率为95.5%,最大去除速率为5.330 mg/(L·h);15 h内对硝态氮的去除效率为93.6%,最大去除速率为3.147 mg/(L·h),且最终仅有少量硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐积累。脱氮性能优化结果表明,该菌株的最适氮源为氯化铵,最适碳源为丁二酸钠,最适温度为30℃,最适接种量为15%,最适p H值为8.0-9.0,最适碳氮比为15,最适转速为120 r/min,最适氮负荷≤300 mg/L (氨氮)。氮平衡... 相似文献
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With the increase in industrial and agricultural activities, a large amount of nitrogenous compounds are released into the environment, leading to nitrate pollution. The perilous effects of nitrate present in the environment pose a major threat to human and animal health. Bioremediation provides a cost-effective and environmental friendly method to deal with this problem. The process of aerobic denitrification can reduce nitrate compounds to harmless dinitrogen gas. This review provides a brief view of the exhaustive role played by aerobic denitrifiers for tackling nitrate pollution under different ecological niches and their dependency on various environmental parameters. It also provides an understanding of the enzymes involved in aerobic denitrification. The role of aerobic denitrification to solve the issues faced by the conventional method (aerobic nitrification–anaerobic denitrification) in treating nitrogen-polluted wastewaters is elaborated. 相似文献
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Nitrite reduction by a mixed culture under conditions relevant to shortcut biological nitrogen removal 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dissimilative reduction of nitrite by nitrite-acclimated cellswas investigated in a batch reactor under various environmental conditions that can beencountered in shortcut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR: ammonia to nitrite andnitrite to nitrogen gas). The maximum specific nitrite reduction rate was as much as 4.3 times faster than the rate of nitrate reduction when individually tested, but the reaction was inhibited in the presence of nitrate when the initial nitrate concentration was greater than approximately 25 mg-N/l or the initialNO
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N/NO
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N ratio was larger than 0.5. Nitrite reduction was also inhibited by nitrite itself when theconcentration was higher than that to which the cells had been acclimated. Therefore, it was desirable to avoid excessively high nitrite and nitrate concentrations in a denitrification reactor. Nitrite reduction, however, was not affected by an alkaline pH (in the range of 7–9) or a high concentration of FA (in the range of 16–39 mg/l), which can be common in SBNR processes. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) requirement for nitrite reduction was approximately 22–38% lower than that for nitrate reduction, demonstrating that the SBNR process can be economical. The specific consumption,measured as the ratio of COD consumed to nitrogen removed, was affected by the availability of COD and the physiological state of the cells. The ratio increased when the cells grew rapidly and were storing carbon and electrons. 相似文献