蚯蚓外源酶与内源酶酶解产物分析

本试验采用了枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)AS1.398枯草杆菌蛋白酶和自溶制备蚯蚓肽,通过前期单因素试验,设计正交试验L9(34),以氨基氮数,多肽浓度为衡量指标,对最佳酶解条件进行筛选研究,并分析了酶解液氨基酸组成和相对分子量的分布。结果表明:AS1.398枯草杆菌蛋白酶最佳酶解条为pH 6.5、酶浓度1%、温度50℃、反应时间8 h,在此条件下,酶解蚯蚓蛋白的每100 mL水解液氨基氮数可以达到16.55 mmol,多肽浓度达9.22 mg/mL;自溶酶解蚯蚓的最佳条件pH 7.0、底物浓度1∶2、温度50℃、反应时间6 h,在此条件下,酶解蚯蚓蛋白的每100 mL水解液氨基氮数可以达到21.55 mmol,多肽浓度达11.65 mg/mL;二者酶解产物分子量大部分是在5000以下的多肽、小肽及氨基酸的混合物,其中分子量在300以下占了80%,氨基酸组成平衡,含量丰富,可用来制取新型氨基酸微量元素及小肽添加剂。通过控制酶解条件,蚯蚓可以利用自身的酶源自溶来代替外源酶,从而降低成本。     

锁掷酵母预处理油脂原料膨化大豆

通过3株红酵母对膨化大豆进行固态发酵预处理,油脂和豆粕中类胡萝卜素的含量都显著增加,且油脂中脂肪酸组成没有显著变化。其中,锁掷酵母发酵膨化大豆所提取的油脂中类胡萝卜素含量最高,为15.010μg/g,比未发酵样品提高了5.526倍。进一步对锁掷酵母固态发酵进行工艺优化,培养时间、培养基含水量、接种量和发酵温度均显著影响油脂中类胡萝卜素的含量(P<0.05),且确定最佳培养条件为培养基含水量50%、接种量50%、培养温度30℃、发酵时间72 h,优化后油脂中类胡萝卜素含量较优化前提高了7.928%,所得功能性油脂符合油脂常规理化指标的国家标准。本研究表明,通过锁掷酵母对膨化大豆进行固态发酵预处理,所得油脂含有丰富的类胡萝卜素,且发酵后豆粕的营养价值也有所提升,这为开发富含微生物来源的生物活性物质、营养价值提升的功能油脂产品奠定了研究基础。     

氮源对灵芝菌丝体液态深层发酵合成灵芝三萜的影响

以沪农灵芝1号为供试菌株,葡萄糖作为碳源,用硫酸铵、氯化铵、鱼粉蛋白胨、胰蛋白胨和酵母粉作为氮源,研究不同种类氮源对灵芝菌丝体液态深层发酵过程的影响。首先,确定了N-10酵母自溶粉作为发酵的氮源,降低了发酵的复杂性和不确定性;其次,考察N-10酵母自溶粉不同浓度对灵芝菌丝体发酵合成灵芝三萜过程中菌丝体的生物量、葡萄糖消耗、灵芝三萜产量等方面的影响,确定了N-10酵母自溶粉的适宜添加浓度。在此基础上,采用响应面中心组合设计,对4因素最佳水平范围进行研究,结果表明,葡萄糖、N-10酵母自溶粉、磷酸二氢钾和七水硫酸镁的含量分别为31.06g/L、2.76g/L、1.77g/L和1.99g/L时,灵芝三萜的理论产量为21.166g/kg干菌丝体,实际发酵产量提高到21.153g/kg干菌丝体。与原工艺相比,新工艺的灵芝三萜产量提高了6.22%。     

芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸的提取及含量测定

通过对芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸提取工艺中温度、提取时间、料液比、乙酸浓度等影响因素的试验分析,确定芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸测定过程中的最佳提取条件为：提取温度60℃;料液比为1：35;提取时间为2．5h;并对芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸含量进行了测定,确定芦笋茎叶游离氨基酸含量为76．54mg／100g。     

过量无机盐及谷氨酸抑制重组菌核黄素发酵

在重组枯草芽孢杆菌24/pMX45核黄素发酵中,酵母粉促进核黄素合成,酵母抽提物抑制核黄素合成。分析显示,酵母抽提物的无机离子和游离氨基酸含量均高于酵母粉。在酵母粉基础发酵培养基中,添加各种无机离子和游离氨基酸,使其含量与酵母抽提物相同。摇瓶发酵结果表明:过量的无机离子和谷氨酸对核黄素合成有显著的抑制作用。酵母抽提物含有较高浓度的谷氨酸,是其抑制核黄素合成的主要原因。     

冬虫夏草无性型—中国被毛孢固态发酵条件的初步研究

采用以麦角甾醇含量为指标间接测定固态发酵产物生物量的方法,对冬虫夏草无性型—中国被毛孢的固态发酵条件进行了研究。正交试验结果表明固态发酵最佳培养基组成为：大米5g,玉米粉2g,蚕蛹粉1g,麸皮2g;单因素试验结果表明：当培养温度20℃、料水比1：1.5、料层厚度2cm、无光照时对菌体生长较为有利。发酵条件优化后,菌丝体中麦角甾醇的含量可达0.5911mg/g,比优化前提高了38.6%。     

响应面分析法优化豆粕固态发酵工艺生产大豆抗氧化肽的研究

分别以总抗氧化活性(T-AOC)和多肽含量为评价指标,通过单因素实验分析和Box-Behnken响应面分析法对豆粕固态发酵工艺条件进行优化,得到最佳发酵工艺条件为:接种量9.6%,料水比1∶0.9,发酵温度35℃。豆粕在此条件下发酵48h,其总抗氧化活性与多肽含量分别由发酵前的207.2U/g和21.0mg/g提高到1091.1U/g和347.7mg/g,分别提高了4.3倍和15.6倍,与预测值相比,结果吻合性良好。总抗氧化活性与多肽含量的相关性良好(R2=0.8604),表明得到的多肽为抗氧化肽。     

表达重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶的酵母工程菌的高密度发酵

用5 L发酵罐优化了重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶酵母工程菌pPIC9K-Gal/GS115(本室构建)的高密度发酵工艺.通过对发酵条件的优化,包括甘油补充量及补充时机、甲醇诱导量及诱导时机、溶氧控制、诱导时间等,重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶在毕赤酵母中得到了高效表达.利用所确定的最适条件进行发酵,菌体密度最终达到368 g/L以上,每批发酵液离心后可获得3.5 L的发酵上清,上清中的蛋白含量达到3 g/L以上,目的蛋白占上清总蛋白的50%以上,含量约为1.5 g/L,上清中α-半乳糖苷酶的活性维持在80 U/ml左右.确立工艺后又进行了3次发酵试验,证明了工艺的可行性和稳定性.为重组咖啡豆α-半乳糖苷酶在B→O血型改造和酶解大豆低聚糖方面的应用奠定了基础.     

响应面法优化灵芪菌质多糖固态发酵条件

采用单因素试验和响应面分析法优化灵芪菌质多糖固态发酵条件.优化后发酵条件为:采用药性固体发酵培养基,初始pH6.5,接种量10.16ml/100g,发酵温度30.65℃,相对湿度59.54％,发酵周期28d.利用此优化条件进行灵芪菌质多糖发酵,灵芪菌质多糖含量可达9.12±0.09mg/g,较优化前8.06±0.07 ...     

响应面设计优化莱氏绿僵菌SZCY固体发酵培养条件及致病力测定

【背景】莱氏绿僵菌(Metarhizium rileyi)对新入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)具有较强的致病力和田间流行性,因此具备深入开发的价值。【目的】优化莱氏绿僵菌SZCY固态发酵培养条件,测定所产分生孢子对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力,为提高该菌株分生孢子规模化生产奠定基础。【方法】采用单因素试验确定了相对适宜的固态培养基,利用Box-Behnken响应面法优化该菌株的固态培养基和发酵参数,同时评价不同条件下该菌所产分生孢子对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力。【结果】去颖稻谷(rice)为莱氏绿僵菌SZCY菌株固相产孢最佳载体。培养温度、光周期及酵母浸粉含量是影响莱氏绿僵菌SZCY固态发酵产孢量的主要因素。莱氏绿僵菌SZCY固态发酵最佳工艺参数为温度22.83℃、光周期18.68 h L:5.32 h D、酵母浸粉4.98 g/100 g,在此条件下,莱氏绿僵菌在去颖稻谷固态培养基上的产孢量为5.65×10¹⁰孢子/g,用其制备浓度为10⁷孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液,对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的LT₅₀为3....     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.