用于植物基因研究的mCherry表达载体构建及定位表达

荧光蛋白在生物学研究中具有广泛的应用和重要的作用,其中红色荧光蛋白mCherry因其颜色和良好的特性,对于植物基因研究具有重要的使用价值,本研究将mCherry基因构建到pBI121植物表达载体系统中,构建了pBI121MCS-mCherry载体。利用基因枪转化法转入洋葱表皮进行表达验证,显微镜观察结果显示整个洋葱细胞具有红色荧光,证明该载体能够在植物细胞中表达红色荧光蛋白。利用双酶切连接法将转录因子BpMYB4基因构建到该载体上,得到融合表达载体pBI121MCS-mCherry-BpMYB4,在洋葱表皮中表达,结果显示细胞核具有红色荧光,证明该载体能够准确表达融合蛋白,进行亚细胞定位。同时融合基因时不再需要中间载体,构建简便,引入的KpnⅠ酶切位点,增加了可选择性。因此该载体可用于植物基因表达定位及转基因植株筛选研究中,为今后的白桦基因组学研究提供了材料。     

甲基营养菌Methylobacterium extorquens AM1中最适荧光蛋白报告基因的鉴定

近年来荧光蛋白成为基因工程中常用的遗传标记,详尽解读不同荧光蛋白基因在甲基营养菌中的表达可以鉴定最适的荧光报告基因。克隆了常用的绿色荧光蛋白eGFP、红色荧光蛋白mCherry、黄色荧光蛋白YFP以及其他来源的绿色荧光蛋白wGFP和红色荧光蛋白RFP共5种荧光基因,构建相应的表达载体并在甲基营养菌Methylobacterium extorquens AM1中进行表达。通过荧光成像观察和SDS-PAGE蛋白凝胶电泳进行荧光蛋白表达鉴定。通过细菌生长曲线、荧光总量和相对荧光强度的测定,进行荧光稳定性和表达强度的鉴定。结果在转化子中均检测到目的荧光蛋白条带,但RFP荧光表达量痕量且未检测到荧光成像;稳定性最强和相对荧光强度最高的是YFP,是常用eGFP的1.6倍,mCherry的3.4倍。在M. extorquens AM1中最适荧光蛋白为YFP。     

基于URA3基因快速构建表达载体及其在里氏木霉的应用

【背景】表达载体是基因工程必不可少的工具,对于真菌如里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)等,由于缺乏商品化的表达载体,使其基因工程蛋白表达既复杂又费时而难以开展。【目的】建立一种利用URA3序列快速构建表达载体的方法,解决真菌研究中难以简单、高效和快速构建表达载体的难题。【方法】基于URA3基因的序列,利用其启动子上游5′端序列和终止子下游3′端序列构建同源重组臂,通过同源重组臂定向同源重组到宿主基因组上,利用强启动子和终止子替换URA3基因,从而实现外源基因的表达。根据此方法构建pTRUC表达载体,将红色荧光蛋白基因mCherry克隆到该表达载体上,转化里氏木霉中并验证m Cherry的表达。【结果】阳性转化子在荧光显微镜下观察到强的红色荧光信号,在基因组PCR中检测到mCherry,Westernblotting结果表明红色荧光蛋白m Cherry能在里氏木霉中表达,以上结果说明该载体构建成功,使外源基因mCherry在里氏木霉中正确表达。【结论】基于URA3基因的快速构建表达载体及其构建方法切实可行,将成为推动真核表达系统表达异源蛋白的有力工具。     

利用GFP/RFP双荧光指示载体鉴定特异性启动子功能

在基因表达定位或启动子调控模式的研究中, 多以gusA作为报告基因。但由于部分组织中高内源GUS背景活性或转化手段的限制, 使判断基因表达定位或调控时存在很大误差。为了解决上述问题, 本实验将报道基因绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和红色荧光蛋白(RFP)融合构建双荧光标记瞬时表达载体pBI221-RFP/GFP。该载体以CaMV35S启动子驱动GFP确定转化效率, 通过鉴定阳性个体的红色荧光活性分析目的基因或启动子的表达模式。并通过番茄E8和西瓜AGPL1果实特异启动子验证了该载体在启动子调控模式研究中的应用可行性。结果表明pBI221-RFP/GFP是一个可以在基因和启动子功能验证中应用的高效瞬时表达载体。     

用于植物病原细菌标记的pBB-GFP载体构建及应用北大核心CSCD

扩增青枯劳尔氏菌RipAK基因启动子序列,与lacZ基因融合得到p HM1:P_(RiPAK)LacZ。携带pHM1:P_(RiPAK)LacZ的青枯劳尔氏菌在营养丰富和基本培养基中都有LacZ活性,表明RipAK启动子可以推动lacZ基因的表达。为构建用于标记植物病原细菌的绿色荧光表达载体,把RipAK启动子和gfp基因克隆到质粒pBBR1MCS-5,使得gfp基因在RipAK启动子的驱动下表达;构建的表达载体pBB-GFP在大肠杆菌中即可表达绿色荧光蛋白。pBB-GFP载体能有效标记青枯劳尔氏菌、番茄细菌性斑点病菌和柑橘溃疡病菌,在荧光显微镜下观察到3种植物病原细菌呈短杆状,青枯劳尔氏菌还可形成多个菌体串联的线状结构。荧光标记对3种病原菌在寄主植物上的致病力没有影响,将标记菌株分别滴加在寄主植物叶片的创伤处,可观察到大量的绿色荧光聚集。本研究构建的pBB-GFP载体能用于多种植物病原细菌的绿色荧光标记,标记后的病原细菌在液体培养及侵染寄主植物过程中都能观察到荧光。     

用于植物病原细菌标记的pBB-GFP载体构建及应用

扩增青枯劳尔氏菌RipAK基因启动子序列,与lacZ基因融合得到p HM1:P_(RiPAK)LacZ。携带pHM1:P_(RiPAK)LacZ的青枯劳尔氏菌在营养丰富和基本培养基中都有LacZ活性,表明RipAK启动子可以推动lacZ基因的表达。为构建用于标记植物病原细菌的绿色荧光表达载体,把RipAK启动子和gfp基因克隆到质粒pBBR1MCS-5,使得gfp基因在RipAK启动子的驱动下表达;构建的表达载体pBB-GFP在大肠杆菌中即可表达绿色荧光蛋白。pBB-GFP载体能有效标记青枯劳尔氏菌、番茄细菌性斑点病菌和柑橘溃疡病菌,在荧光显微镜下观察到3种植物病原细菌呈短杆状,青枯劳尔氏菌还可形成多个菌体串联的线状结构。荧光标记对3种病原菌在寄主植物上的致病力没有影响,将标记菌株分别滴加在寄主植物叶片的创伤处,可观察到大量的绿色荧光聚集。本研究构建的pBB-GFP载体能用于多种植物病原细菌的绿色荧光标记,标记后的病原细菌在液体培养及侵染寄主植物过程中都能观察到荧光。     

一种带有可视化筛选标记的桉树基因编辑载体构建及验证研究

桉树作为世界三大速生树种之一,在经济、生态、药用等方面有着较高的价值。由于桉树遗传杂合性高,许多主要的经济性状由多基因共同调控,常规基因编辑手段无法满足对桉树目标基因编辑与转化后高效筛选的要求。通过mCherry荧光蛋白作为筛选标记可极大地减少转化后的鉴定工作量。本研究以尾巨桉为材料,构建含有35S启动子启动mCherry标记基因的CRISPR/Cas9载体,对桉树基因组进行高效的可视化编辑。利用mCherry荧光蛋白作为筛选标记,筛选阳性转化后代,并提取含荧光标记的不定芽基因组进行PCR鉴定分析。结果表明,成功构建了编辑载体PHEE401-35S-mCherry,转化尾巨桉愈伤后,在580 nm的光源下有明显的红色荧光,且经PCR鉴定可扩增得到与35S-mCherry条带大小一致的目的片段。本研究为开展桉树基因编辑提供了一种可视化筛选技术方法。     

基于miRNA-155结构的人工miRNA表达载体的构建与评价

目的:建立一种适用于人工miRNA(amiRNA)表达研究的克隆载体。方法:基于实验室构建的短发夹RNA(shRNA)表达载体pshOK-basic,将鼠源miRNA-155的侧翼序列插入合适的酶切位点构建得到amiRNA重组表达载体pOK-basic;应用本载体分别构建靶向萤火虫荧光素酶(luc2)和红色荧光蛋白(mCherry)基因的amiRNA并检测其沉默效果。结果:应用此载体能快速高效地构建amiRNA,靶向luc2和mCherry报告基因的amiRNA能较好地抑制靶基因的表达。结论:构建了一种能高效表达amiRNA的克隆载体,为amiRNA的进一步研究及应用奠定了基础。     

灰葡萄孢菌过氧化物酶体及细胞核的荧光蛋白标记

[目的]对灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)的细胞核和过氧化物酶体进行荧光蛋白标记,为研究其生长发育和侵染过程中细胞结构和细胞器动态提供基础.[方法]以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和红色荧光蛋白(DsRED、mCherry)为报告基因,利用根癌农杆菌介导转化(Agrobacterium tumefaciens m...     

板栗疫病菌绿色荧光与红色荧光蛋白共定位载体的构建

低毒病毒-板栗疫病菌组合是研究病毒与宿主相互作用的一个优秀的模式系统.我们构建了含绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp的载体pCPXHY2GFP与含红色荧光蛋白基因rfp的载体pCPXG418RFP,并用于转化野生型菌株EP155,获得了以潮霉素为筛选标记、表达绿色荧光蛋白的转化株pCPXHY2GFP/EP155和以G418为筛选标记、表达红色荧光蛋白的转化株pCPXG418RFP/EP155.将载体pCPXG418RFP转化pCPXHY2GFP/EP155,获得的转化株能观察到绿色荧光蛋白与红色荧光蛋白共定位的现象.板栗疫病菌绿色荧光与红色荧光共定位载体pCPXHY2GFP与pCPXG418RFP的构建,为深入研究病毒与宿主相互作用的分子机制提供了强有力的研究材料.     

Ubiquitous expression of the monomeric red fluorescent protein mcherry in transgenic mice

The use of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to label specific cell types and track gene expression in animal models, such as mice, has evolved to become an essential tool in biological research. Transgenic animals expressing genes of interest linked to GFP, either as a fusion protein or transcribed from an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) are widely used. Enhanced GFP (eGFP) is the most common form of GFP used for such applications. However, a red fluorescent protein (RFP) would be highly desirable for use in dual‐labeling applications with GFP derived fluorescent proteins, and for deep in vivo imaging of tissues. Recently, a new generation of monomeric (m)RFPs, such as monomeric (m)Cherry, has been developed that are potentially useful experimentally. mCherry exhibits brighter fluorescence, matures more rapidly, has a higher tolerance for N‐terminal fusion proteins, and is more photostable compared with its predecessor mRFP1. mRFP1 itself was the first true monomer derived from its ancestor DsRed, an obligate tetramer in vivo. Here, we report the successful generation of a transgenic mouse line expressing mCherry as a fluorescent marker, driven by the ubiquitin‐C promoter. mCherry is expressed in almost all tissues analyzed including pre‐ and post‐implantation stage embryos, and white blood cells. No expression was detected in erythrocytes and thrombocytes. Importantly, we did not encounter any changes in normal development, general physiology, or reproduction. mCherry is spectrally and genetically distinct from eGFP and, therefore, serves as an excellent red fluorescent marker alone or in combination with eGFP for labelling transgenic animals. genesis 48:723–729, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Quantitative Appraisal of the Probiotic Attributes and In Vitro Adhesion Potential of Anti-listerial Bacteriocin-producing Lactic Acid Bacteria

Estimation of bile tolerance, endurance to gastric and intestinal environment and adhesion potential to intestinal cells are significant selection criteria for probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In this paper, the probiotic potential of native bacteriocin-producing LAB isolated previously from indigenous source has been determined through quantitative approaches. Among fifteen anti-listerial bacteriocin-producing native LAB, ten strains were found to be bile tolerant. The presence of bile salt hydrolase (bsh) gene in native Lactobacillus plantarum strains was detected by PCR and confirmed by nucleic acid sequencing of a representative amplicon. Interestingly, three native LAB strains exhibited significant viability in simulated gastric fluid, analogous to the standard LAB Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, while an overwhelming majority of the native LAB strains demonstrated the ability to survive and remain viable in simulated intestinal fluid. Quantitative adhesion assays based on conventional plating method and a fluorescence-based method revealed that the LAB isolates obtained from dried fish displayed significant in vitro adhesion potential to human adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, and the adhesion level was comparable to some of the standard probiotic LAB strains. The present study unravels putative probiotic attributes in certain bacteriocin-producing LAB strains of non-human origin, which on further in vivo characterization could find specific applications in probiotic food formulations targeted for health benefits.     

A novel vector for lactic acid bacteria that uses a bile salt hydrolase gene as a potential food-grade selection marker

A novel vector pM4aB for lactic acid bacterial was developed using a bile salt hydrolase gene from Lactobacillus plantarum as a potential food-grade selection marker. The 3.0-kb pM4aB consisted of the replicon of Lactobacillus plasmid pM4, a multiple cloning site and the bsh gene, which was constructed by elimination of a 5.5-kb non-food-grade DNA fragment from an 8.5-kb intermediate vector pBEmpM4aB. For electroporation into Lactobacillus paracasei X9, a high transformation efficiency of 4.0±1.0×10(4) CFU/μg plasmid DNA was yielded with 0.1% (wt/vol) glycodeoxycholic acid sodium selection. A high segregation stability of the vector was also observed as only 0.1% plasmid was lost after 50 generations of growth without selection pressure. The application potential of pM4aB was further confirmed by expression of a catalase gene from Lactobacillus sakei in L. paracasei. These results revealed that the novel vector pM4aB constructed in this study would be a useful tool for genetic modification of the industrially important LAB.     

Use of the mCherry Fluorescent Protein To Study Intestinal Colonization by Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423 in Mice

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals, and some LAB species receive considerable attention due to their health benefits. Although many papers have been published on probiotic LAB, only a few reports have been published on the migration and colonization of the cells in the GIT. This is due mostly to the lack of efficient reporter systems. In this study, we report on the application of the fluorescent mCherry protein in the in vivo tagging of the probiotic strains Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423. The mCherry gene, encoding a red fluorescent protein (RFP), was integrated into a nonfunctional region on the genome of L. plantarum 423 by homologous recombination. In the case of E. mundtii ST4SA, the mCherry gene was cloned into the pGKV223D LAB/Escherichia coli expression vector. Expression of the mCherry gene did not alter the growth rate of the two strains and had no effect on bacteriocin production. Both strains colonized the cecum and colon of mice.     

Use of green fluorescent protein to tag lactic acid bacterium strains under development as live vaccine vectors

The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are safe microorganisms which are mainly used for the preparation of fermented foods and for probiotic applications. The potential of LAB as live vehicles for the production and delivery of therapeutic molecules such as antigens is also being actively investigated today. However, very little is known about the fate of live LAB when administered in vivo and about the interaction of these microorganisms with the nasal or gastrointestinal ecosystem. For future applications, it is essential to be able to discriminate the biotherapeutic strain from the endogenous microflora and to unravel the mechanisms underlying the postulated health-beneficial effect. We therefore started to investigate both aspects in a mouse model with two LAB species presently under development as live vaccine vectors, i.e., Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum. We have constructed different expression vectors carrying the gfp (green fluorescent protein [GFP]) gene from the jellyfish Aequoria victoria, and we found that this visible marker was best expressed when placed under the control of the inducible strong nisA promoter from L. lactis. Notably, a threshold amount of GFP was necessary to obtain a bright fluorescent phenotype. We further demonstrated that fluorescent L. plantarum NCIMB8826 can be enumerated and sorted by flow cytometry. Moreover, tagging of this strain with GFP allowed us to visualize its phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro and ex vivo and to trace it in the gastrointestinal tract of mice upon oral administration.     

In-vitro assessment of probiotic potential of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus plantarum</Emphasis> WU-P19 isolated from a traditional fermented herb

Samples of fermented herbs were used to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Of a total of 19 isolates, eight were resistant both to gastric acid and bile salts (glycocholic acid, GCA; taurocholic acid, TCA; glycodeoxycholic acid, GDCA; and taurodeoxycholic acid, TDCA). Most isolates exhibited a pH-dependent surface hydrophobicity: a pH of 4 conferred a greater hydrophobicity compared to a pH of 7. Based on the hydrophobicity characteristics, the LAB isolate WU-P19 from the traditional fermented herb Oroxylum indicum was selected for further study. WU-P19 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum WU-P19. The presence of bile salts GCA and GDCA in the culture medium induced production of the relevant bile salt hydrolase. Relative to controls, the presence of the bile salts in the culture medium affected the carbon and nitrogen contents of the cells and their hydrophobicity. Cells grown in a medium free of bile salts were morphologically different to cells grown in the presence of GCA and GDCA. WU-P19 was resistant to several antibiotics. It produced β-galactosidase and inhibited growth of the tested pathogenic bacteria at various levels. In vitro, L. plantarum WU-P19 adapted well to conditions typical of the various zones of the human gastrointestinal tract. In view of the promising results, in vivo evaluations are planned for the isolate WU-P19.     

高效装载细胞内源蛋白工程化外泌体的构建

外泌体作为天然药物运送载体具有诸多优点,但其对细胞内源药物 (蛋白、核酸等) 的有限装载限制了其应用。文中以红色荧光蛋白mCherry为模拟细胞内源性货物,通过对供体细胞的基因改造及采用膜定位元件融合策略,将mCherry富集于细胞质膜,再经天然发生 (Biogenesis) 途径,高效分选进入外泌体。结果表明,在CAAX、PB、Palm和CD63四组膜定位元件中,CD63和Palm能有效提高靶蛋白mCherry在外泌体中的装载量。该研究可为工程化外泌体的设计、内源蛋白等货物的高效递送提供参考。     

产Ⅱ类细菌素乳酸菌群体感应及其应用

群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)是微生物通过感知与细胞密度相关的信号分子的浓度来调控基因表达的一种行为。许多产Ⅱ类细菌素乳酸菌通过自诱导肽介导的QS系统调控其细菌素的合成。本文综述了乳酸菌Ⅱ类细菌素合成的QS调控现象、调控机制、QS系统组分以及QS的应用。产Ⅱ类细菌素乳酸菌QS的研究,必将为揭示发酵调控机理、调控发酵过程提供新的研究平台,为食品级基因表达系统的开发提供新的选择。