番茄‘Ls-89’和‘坂砧2号’幼苗活性氧代谢对南方根结线虫侵染的反应

为了解番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)砧木幼苗活性氧代谢与抗南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)的关系,以高感品种‘Ls-89’与高抗品种‘坂砧2号’为材料,采用盆栽人工接种法,研究了南方根结线虫侵染对番茄砧木幼苗活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,未接种南方根结线虫的番茄砧木幼苗,其根系与叶片活性氧水平及相关酶活性在品种间没有显著差异。接种南方根结线虫后,两品种幼苗根系与叶片的O_2·~–生成速率和H_2O_2含量均升高,且‘坂砧2号’显著高于‘Ls-89’,但‘Ls-89’的MDA含量则显著高于‘坂砧2号’。两品种幼苗根系与叶片的SOD活性均在侵染早期降低,以‘坂砧2号’降幅较大;但POD、CAT活性在侵染早期变化不大,至侵染中后期则显著升高。因此,番茄抗性品种砧木幼苗的膜脂抗氧化能力较强,活性氧水平较高,且SOD活性对南方根结线虫侵染敏感。     

盐胁迫下番茄砧木对嫁接苗生物量、氨基酸含量和活性氧代谢的影响

为探讨砧木对提高番茄嫁接苗耐盐性的作用机理,以耐盐性较敏感的‘中杂9号’(S)为接穗,耐盐性较强的‘OZ-006’(R)为砧木,采用劈接法形成嫁接苗(RS)以及接穗自嫁接苗(SS)、砧木自嫁接苗(RR)3个试验材料,在175 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理下测定植株生长、Na⁺积累、氨基酸含量和活性氧代谢的变化。结果表明: NaCl胁迫导致番茄幼苗的盐害指数和Na⁺含量均显著提高,幼苗生长速率和叶绿素含量显著降低,但不同嫁接苗的类型差异显著,在盐害表型上表现为SS>RS>RR的规律。NaCl胁迫诱导嫁接苗的叶片和根系总氨基酸含量显著提高,其中RR、RS叶片有9种、根系有8种氨基酸含量显著高于对照,以脯氨酸含量变化最为显著,而SS叶片中仅有2种、根系中仅有4种氨基酸含量显著高于对照;幼苗间的氨基酸含量呈现RR>RS>SS的规律,RR、RS叶片的氨基酸含量分别比SS叶片上升了32.8%、16.6%,根系分别比SS上升了53.1%和32.5%。NaCl胁迫造成活性氧代谢的变化,幼苗叶片和根系的抗氧化酶活性、超氧阴离子产生速率、丙二醛含量均显著提高,以RR叶片和根系中抗氧化酶活性的增幅最大,其次为RS;SS和抗氧化酶活性的增幅最小,品种间活性氧水平表现为SS>RS>RR。综上,砧木通过抑制Na⁺向上运输、提高氨基酸水平和抗氧化酶活性缓解了盐胁迫对嫁接苗的伤害,但不同砧穗组合的耐盐性差异较大,以RR的耐盐性最强,其次为RS,SS最弱。因此,番茄嫁接苗的耐盐性主要受砧木耐盐性的影响,其次为接穗,同时,其与番茄体内的氨基酸和活性氧代谢调控密切相关。     

低温胁迫对嫁接西瓜耐冷性和活性氧清除系统的影响

研究了西瓜实生苗和以黑籽南瓜、超丰F1为砧木的嫁接苗的耐冷性及活性氧清除系统的差异．结果表明,低温胁迫下,嫁接苗的耐冷性明显高于实生苗,表现为以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接苗的耐冷性>以超丰F1为砧木的嫁接苗>实生苗,此外嫁接苗和实生苗均表现为叶片中叶绿素含量下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,非酶促抗氧化剂抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsA-POD)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DR)活性下降,说明低温逆境降低了植物体防御活性氧有关的酶促和非酶促保护系统能力,提高了体内自由基浓度,加剧了膜脂过氧化．嫁接苗的活性氧清除能力均高于自根苗,且嫁接苗中耐冷性越强的活性氧清除能力越高,说明西瓜嫁接后耐冷性的提高是与植物体内活性氧清除系统中抗氧化剂含量和抗氧化酶活性提高有关。     

Spd浸种对盐胁迫下番茄（Solanum lycopersicum)幼苗的保护效应

通过水培试验,研究了100 mmol/L NaCl盐浓度下,0.25 mmol/L Spd浸种处理对两个番茄品种白果强丰(耐盐基因型)和江蔬14号(盐敏感基因型)植株干重、根冠比(R/T)、幼苗叶片和根系抗氧化酶活性及活性氧含量的影响.具体试验处理如下:(a) 对照(蒸馏水浸种+ 0 mmol/L NaCl),(b) NaCl (蒸馏水浸种+ 100 mmol/L NaCl),(c) Spd(0.25 mmol/L Spd浸种 +100 mmol/L NaCl).结果表明,在盐胁迫下,两个番茄品种幼苗叶片和根系内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高,H2O2含量和O·-2产生速率增高,幼苗生长受到抑制,幼苗地上部、地下部干重均明显低于对照,R/T增大,且江蔬14号的变化幅度大于白果强丰.Spd浸种处理降低了盐胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片和根系内O·-2产生速率和H2O2含量,进一步提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性,促进幼苗干重增加,缓解了盐胁迫对植株的伤害.与耐盐基因型番茄品种白果强丰相比,Spd浸种处理对盐敏感基因型番茄品种江蔬14号的作用效果更为明显.总之,Spd浸种处理通过提高盐胁迫下植株体内抗氧化酶活性,降低ROS水平来缓解盐胁迫对番茄幼苗的伤害,提高幼苗耐盐能力.     

根结线虫对黄瓜叶片氮磷含量、土壤pH和酶活性的影响

通过盆栽试验,采用人工接种的方法研究了接种根结线虫对黄瓜植株根际和非根际土壤pH值、土壤酶活性及叶片N、P含量的影响.结果表明:根际土壤pH值在接种量达到每株6000个时才显著降低;随着接种量的增加,叶片N、P含量、根际土壤过氧化物酶、根际和非根际土壤多酚氧化酶活性逐渐降低,根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性却逐渐升高,非根际土壤pH值先升高后降低,非根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性没有明显的变化规律.接种根结线虫后,根际土壤脲酶活性显著降低,根际和非根际土壤磷酸酶活性、非根际土壤过氧化物酶活性仅在较高接种量时才显著降低.根际土壤pH值、酶活性及叶片N、P含量之间多数呈极显著相关,而非根际土壤pH值、酶活性及叶片N、P含量之间只有部分呈极显著相关.     

外源钙和茉莉酸甲酯诱导番茄植株抗灰霉病研究

以‘辽园多丽’番茄幼苗为材料,研究了经钙(Ca)、钙螯合剂(EGTA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理后接种番茄灰霉病幼苗叶片的病情指数、活性氧(H2O2、O2.-)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。结果显示:(1)Ca、MeJA、MeJA+Ca处理番茄幼苗的灰霉病发病率分别比对照显著降低32.5%、38.0%和54.5%,而MeJA+Ca处理又显著低于Ca、MeJA处理32.6%和15.3%;MeJA+EGTA处理高于MeJA处理30.3%,但低于EGTA处理13.1%;Ca处理低于EGTA处理34.2%。(2)Ca、MeJA及MeJA+Ca处理番茄幼苗叶片中活性氧积累量高于对照,MeJA+Ca处理又高于Ca、MeJA处理;但MeJA+EGTA处理活性氧积累量低于MeJA处理,而高于EGTA处理;Ca处理的活性氧含量高于EGTA处理。(3)Ca、MeJA及MeJA+Ca处理幼苗叶片的SOD、CAT、POD的活性均比对照提高,且以MeJA+Ca处理最高;而MeJA+EGTA处理抗氧化酶活性低于MeJA处理,但高于EGTA处理;Ca处理抗氧化酶活性高于EGTA处理。研究表明,钙在茉莉酸甲酯诱导番茄抗灰霉病过程中具有重要调节作用,这种作用与钙促进茉莉酸甲酯诱导番茄活性氧积累和抗氧化酶活性有关。     

NaCl胁迫对西瓜嫁接苗叶片抗氧化酶活性及光合特性的影响

以耐盐性较强的葫芦品种‘超丰抗生王’为砧木,耐盐性较弱的西瓜品种‘秀丽’为接穗,采用营养液水培法,研究了NaCl胁迫对西瓜自根苗和嫁接苗保护酶活性、膜质过氧化及光合特性的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下,嫁接苗和自根苗生物量显著下降,但嫁接苗下降幅度小于自根苗;NaCl胁迫抑制了西瓜自根苗和嫁接苗的气体交换参数,但是嫁接苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及叶绿素含量显著高于自根苗;NaCl胁迫下西瓜嫁接苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于自根苗,丙二醛含量较自根苗低。上述结果表明,NaCl胁迫下嫁接苗通过维持较高的抗氧化酶活性来提高清除活性氧(ROS)的能力,从而降低氧化损伤,并保持较高光合速率,从而增强西瓜幼苗对盐胁迫的耐性。     

钙抑制剂对机械损伤胁迫下合作杨叶片活性氧代谢的影响

以1年生合作杨扦插苗为材料,研究了叶面喷施Ca2+通道阻断剂氯化镧(LaCl3)和Ca2+螯合剂EGTA预处理对机械损伤胁迫下合作杨叶片抗氧化酶活性、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及氧自由基(O2?-)产生速率的影响.结果显示,与对照相比,机械损伤胁迫下合作杨叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性均显著升高,活性氧水平和MDA含量显著增加;外源喷施EGTA和LaCl3降低了机械损伤胁迫下叶片SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性,减缓了O2?-产生速率,H2O2含量和MDA含量显著下降;且EGTA的抑制作用比LaCl3更强.研究表明,机械损伤胁迫诱导的活性氧代谢需要Ca2+的参与,Ca2+和活性氧在植物防御信号传递过程中密切相关;伤害诱导胞外Ca2+内流是胞内Ca2+浓度增加的重要来源.     

丛枝菌根真菌对西瓜嫁接苗抗南方根结线虫病的影响

根结线虫病是西瓜主要土传病害之一,长期连作往往加重西瓜根结线虫病害。利用抗病砧木嫁接可有效减轻瓜类蔬菜线虫病害,而接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,AMF)则能拮抗根结线虫,提高寄主植物抗病性。本试验旨在研究嫁接技术配合接种AMF降低瓜类蔬菜病害和促进生长的效应。试验以不同抗性南瓜杂交种(Cucurbita maxima×C.moschata)"青农2号"和"青农3号"分别嫁接西瓜Citrullus lanatus品种"京欣2号","青农2号"嫁接苗和"青农3号"嫁接苗先分别接种摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme、根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices,后接种南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita,测定AMF对不同西瓜嫁接苗根结线虫病和生长的影响。结果表明,接种AMF能不同程度地减轻嫁接苗根结线虫病害,其中,以"青农2号"嫁接苗接种变形球囊霉促生防病的效应最大。这可能与AMF提高根系活力、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量有关。结果表明,"青农2号"嫁接苗结合接种变形球囊霉是生产上具有应用潜力的技术组合。     

钙对根际低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗活性氧代谢的影响

采用营养液栽培系统,以黄瓜品种中农8号为材料,研究了Ca2 对根际低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内超氧阴离子(O2?-)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱苷肽还原酶(GR)活性的影响.结果表明:低氧胁迫下黄瓜体内活性氧含量和保护酶活性均高于对照;低氧缺钙处理的活性氧含量最高,而保护酶活性却较低;营养液Ca2 浓度提高到8mmol/L后,显著降低了低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内MDA、H2O2含量和O?2-产生速率,提高了SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR活性,说明Ca2 可减少低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内活性氧的产生,提高抗氧化酶的活性、降低膜脂过氧化水平,减缓低氧胁迫对植株的伤害,增强黄瓜幼苗对低氧逆境的适应性.     

Pepper Rootstock Graft Compatibility and Response to Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita

Resistance of pepper species (Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. chacoense, and C. frutescens), cultivars and accessions to the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita race 2 and M. javanica, and their graft compatibility with commercial pepper varieties as rootstocks were evaluated in growth chamber and greenhouse experiments. Most of the plants tested were highly resistant to M. javanica but susceptible to M. incognita. Capsicum annuum AR-96023 and C. frutescens accessions as rootstocks showed moderate and relatively high resistance to M. incognita, respectively. In M. incognita-infested soil in a greenhouse, AR-96023 supported approximately 6-fold less nematode eggs per gram root and produced about 2-fold greater yield compared to a nongrafted commercial variety. The commercial variety grafted on AR-96023 produced a yield as great as the non-grafted variety in the root-knot nematode-free greenhouse. Some resistant varieties and accessions used as rootstocks produced lower yields (P < 0.01) than that of the non-grafted variety in the noninfested greenhouse. Use of rootstocks with nematode-resistance and graft compatibility may be effective for control of root-knot nematodes on susceptible pepper.     

Effects of high grafting on tomato plants infected by Meloidogyne incognita and Ralstonia solanacearum

The root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is known to increase the severity of bacterial wilt in many solanaceous crops. In Japan, several bacterial wilt‐resistant rootstocks that have the M. incognita resistance (Mi) gene in their genome have been developed for tomatoes. In this study, we aimed to examine whether the presence of Mi gene‐breaking M. incognita population affects the development of bacterial wilt in bacterial‐wilt‐resistant tomato rootstocks with Mi in their genetic background. We also aimed to examine the possibility of using high‐grafted tomatoes to control bacterial wilt in plants infected by M. incognita. Our results indicate that the resistance to bacterial wilt was easy to break in usual‐grafted tomato plants infected with M. incognita and that M. incognita enhanced the vertical movement of Ralstonia solanacearum in the bacterial‐wilt‐resistant tomato rootstocks. In addition, our results suggest that high grafting led to significantly less wilting in the plants infected by M. incognita than did usual grafting.     

Use of Cucumis metuliferus as a Rootstock for Melon to Manage Meloidogyne incognita

Root-knot nematode-susceptible melons (Cantaloupe) were grown in pots with varying levels of Meloidogyne incognita and were compared to susceptible melons that were grafted onto Cucumis metuliferus or Cucurbita moschata rootstocks. In addition, the effect of using melons as transplants in nematode-infested soil was compared to direct seeding of melons in nematode-infested soil. There were no differences in shoot or root weight, or severity of root galling between transplanted and direct-seeded non-grafted susceptible melon in nematode-infested soil. Susceptible melon grafted on C. moschata rootstocks had lower root gall ratings and, at high nematode densities, higher shoot weights than non-grafted susceptible melons. However, final nematode levels were not lower on the grafted than on the non-grafted plants, and it was therefore concluded that grafting susceptible melon on to C. moschata rootstock made the plants tolerant, but not resistant, to the nematodes. Grafting susceptible melons on C. metuliferus rootstocks also reduced levels of root galling, prevented shoot weight losses, and resulted in significantly lower nematode levels at harvest. Thus, C. metuliferus may be used as a rootstock for melon to prevent both growth reduction and a strong nematode buildup in M. incognita-infested soil.     

Evaluation of 31 Potential Biofumigant Brassicaceous Plants as Hosts for Three Meloiodogyne Species

Brassicaceous cover crops can be used for biofumigation after soil incorporation of the mowed crop. This strategy can be used to manage root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), but the fact that many of these crops are host to root-knot nematodes can result in an undesired nematode population increase during the cultivation of the cover crop. To avoid this, cover crop cultivars that are poor or nonhosts should be selected. In this study, the host status of 31 plants in the family Brassicaceae for the three root-knot nematode species M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. hapla were evaluated, and compared with a susceptible tomato host in repeated greenhouse pot trials. The results showed that M. incognita and M. javanica responded in a similar fashion to the different cover cultivars. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and turnip (B. rapa) were generally good hosts, whereas most oil radish cultivars (Raphanus. sativus ssp. oleiferus) were poor hosts. However, some oil radish cultivars were among the best hosts for M. hapla. The arugula (Eruca sativa) cultivar Nemat was a poor host for all three nematode species tested. This study provides important information for chosing a cover crop with the purpose of managing root-knot nematodes.     

Detection and Investigation of Soil Biological Activity against Meloidogyne incognita

Greenhouse experiments with two susceptible hosts of Meloidogyne incognita, a dwarf tomato and wheat, led to the identification of a soil in which the root-knot nematode population was reduced 5- to 16-fold compared to identical but pasteurized soil two months after infestation with 280 M. incognita J2/100 cm³ soil. This suppressive soil was subjected to various temperature, fumigation and dilution treatments, planted with tomato, and infested with 1,000 eggs of M. incognita/100 cm³ soil. Eight weeks after nematode infestation, distinct differences in nematode population densities were observed among the soil treatments, suggesting the suppressiveness had a biological nature. A fungal rRNA gene analysis (OFRG) performed on M. incognita egg masses collected at the end of the greenhouse experiments identified 11 fungal phylotypes, several of which exhibited associations with one or more of the nematode population density measurements (egg masses, eggs or J2). The phylotype containing rRNA genes with high sequence identity to Pochonia chlamydosporia exhibited the strongest negative associations. The negative correlation between the densities of the P. chlamydosporia genes and the nematodes was corroborated by an analysis using a P. chlamydosporia-selective qPCR assay.     

Effects of Tomato Root Exudates on Meloidogyne incognita

Plant root exudates affect root-knot nematodes egg hatch. Chemicals in root exudates can attract nematodes to the roots or result in repellence, motility inhibition or even death. However, until recently little was known about the relationship between tomato root exudates chemicals and root-knot nematodes. In this study, root exudates were extracted from three tomato rootstocks with varying levels of nematode resistance: Baliya (highly resistant, HR), RS2 (moderately resistant, MR) and L-402 (highly susceptible, T). The effects of the root exudates on Meloidogyne incognita (M. incognita) egg hatch, survival and chemotaxis of second-stage juveniles (J2) were explored. The composition of the root exudates was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) prior to and following M. incognita inoculation. Four compounds in root exudates were selected for further analysis and their allopathic effect on M. incognita were investigated. Root exudates from each tomato rootstocks (HR, MR and T strains) suppressed M. incognita egg hatch and increased J2 mortality, with the highest rate being observed in the exudates from the HR plants. Exudate from HR variety also repelled M. incognita J2 while that of the susceptible plant, T, was demonstrated to be attractive. The relative amount of esters and phenol compounds in root exudates from HR and MR tomato rootstocks increased notably after inoculation. Four compounds, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate, dibutyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate increased significantly after inoculation. The egg hatch of M. incognita was suppressed by each of the compound. L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate showed the most notable effect in a concentration-dependent manner. All four compounds were associated with increased J2 mortality. The greatest effect was observed with dimethyl phthalate at 2 mmol·L^-1. Dibutyl phthalate was the only compound observed to repel M. incognita J2 with no effect being detected in the other compounds. Each of the four compounds were correlated with a reduction in disease index in the susceptible cultivar, T, and tomato seedlings irrigated with L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate at 2 mmol·L^-1 showed the best resistance to M. incognita. Taken together, this study provided a valuable contribution to understanding the underlying mechanism of nematode resistance in tomato cultivars.     

Histology of the Interactions of Paecilomyces lilacinus with Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato

Excised tomato roots were examined histologically for interactions of the fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus and Meloidogyne incognita race 1. Root galling and giant-cell formation were absent in tomato roots inoculated with nematode eggs infected with P. lilacinus. Few to no galls and no giant-cell formation were found in roots dipped in a spore suspension of P. lilacinus and inoculated with M. incognita. Numerous large galls and giant cells were present in roots inoculated only with M. incognita. P. lilacinus colonized the surface of epidermal cells as well as the internal cells of epidermis and cortex. The possibility of biological protection of plant surfaces with P. lilacinus against root-knot nematodes is discussed.     

Nematodes Attacking Cultivars of Peach in North Carolina

Criconemoides xenoplax and Meloidogyne incognita were the nematode species most frequently associated with peach in North Carolina. Other nematodes often found in high numbers on that crop were Pratylenehus vulnus, Helicotylenchus spp., Trichodorus christiei, Xiphinema amerieanum and Tylenchorhynchus claytoni. P. vulnus and P. penetrans reproduced well on rootstocks of 21 peach cultivars tested in the greenhouse. P. zeae, P. brachyurus, P. coffeae and P. scribneri decreased or increased only slightly in most instances. C. xenoplax increased as much as 330-fold and reproduced on all cultivars tested. In a field experiment with six peach cultivars and moderate numbers of P. brachyurus, P. vulnus, C. xenoplax, and M. incognita, only M. incognita caused significant stunting in 30 months. This nematode increased only on root-knot susceptible cultivars, whereas the other nematodes followed the same patterns observed in the greenhouse. In a second field experiment, seedlings were stunted significantly by high numbers of C. xenoplax during an 18-month period.     

Effects of the Mi-1, N and Tabasco Genes on Infection and Reproduction of Meloidogyne mayaguensis on Tomato and Pepper Genotypes

Meloidogyne mayaguensis is a damaging root-knot nematode able to reproduce on root-knot nematode-resistant tomato and other economically important crops. In a growth chamber experiment conducted at 22 and 33°C, isolate 1 of M. mayaguensis reproduced at both temperatures on the Mi-1-carrying tomato lines BHN 543 and BHN 585, whereas M. incognita race 4 failed to reproduce at 22°C, but reproduced well at 33°C. These results were confirmed in another experiment at 26 ± 1.8°C, where minimal or no reproduction of M. incognita race 4 was observed on the Mi-1-carrying tomato genotypes BHN 543, BHN 585, BHN 586 and ‘Sanibel’, whereas heavy infection and reproduction of M. mayaguensis isolate 1 occurred on these four genotypes. Seven additional Florida M. mayaguensis isolates also reproduced on resistant ‘Sanibel’ tomato at 26 ± 1.8°C. Isolate 3 was the most virulent, with reproduction factor (Rf) equal to 8.4, and isolate 8 was the least virulent (Rf = 2.1). At 24°C, isolate 1 of M. mayaguensis also reproduced well (Rf ≥ 1) and induced numerous small galls and large egg masses on the roots of root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper ‘Charleston Belle’ carrying the N gene and on three root-knot nematode-resistant sweet pepper lines (9913/2, SAIS 97.9001 and SAIS 97.9008) carrying the Tabasco gene. In contrast, M. incognita race 4 failed to reproduce or reproduced poorly on these resistant pepper genotypes. The ability of M. mayaguensis isolates to overcome the resistance of tomato and pepper genotypes carrying the Mi-1, N and Tabasco genes limits the use of resistant cultivars to manage this nematode species in infested tomato and pepper fields in Florida.     

Reducing Meloidogyne incognita Injury to Cucumber in a Tomato-Cucumber Double-Cropping System

The effects of a root-knot nematode-resistant tomato cultivar and application of the nematicide ethoprop on root-knot nematode injury to cucumber were compared in a tomato-cucumber double-cropping system. A root-knot nematode-resistant tomato cultivar, Celebrity, and a susceptible cultivar, Heatwave, were grown in rotation with cucumber in 1995 and 1996. Celebrity suppressed populations of Meloidogyne incognita in the soil and resulted in a low root-gall rating on the subsequent cucumber crop. Nematode population densities were significantly lower at the termination of the cucumber crop in plots following Celebrity than in plots following Heatwave. Premium and marketable yields of cucumbers were higher in plots following Celebrity than in plots following Heatwave. Application of ethoprop through drip irrigation at 4.6 kg a.i./ha reduced root galling on the cucumber crop but had no effect on the nematode population density in the soil at crop termination. Ethoprop did not affect cucumber yield. These results indicate that planting a resistant tomato cultivar in a tomato-cucumber double-cropping system is more effective than applying ethoprop for managing M. incognita.