水稻几丁质酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化与活性分析

将克隆并确定序列的水稻(Oryza sativa L．Cpslo17)几丁质酶基因Oschi的cDNA序列(此序列已在GenBank中注册, 登录号为EU045451)插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中。经酶切、序列鉴定分析后, 用该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3); 经IPTG诱导获得表达, 并对Oschi蛋白表达条件进行了优化; 在大肠杆菌中表达的几丁质酶经纯化后在一定的浓度、一定的反应时间内能高效地分解几丁质。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)几丁质酶基因的序列 ,设计引物 ,引入适当的酶切位点 ,利用PCR扩增出不含N末端信号肽以及C末端内质网定位肽的几丁质酶基因片段。将该基因片断克隆至原核表达载体 pProEXHTb ,经IPTG诱导 ,在大肠杆菌DH5α中获得了高效表达 ,表达产物的大小为 6 0kD ,含量占菌体总蛋白量的 4 0 %。利用来源于AcMNPV几丁质酶的抗体对表达蛋白进行检测 ,获得特异性的显色信号 ,证实所获原核表达产物与杆状病毒的几丁质酶具有同源性     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)几丁质酶基因的序列,设计引物,引入适当的酶切位点,利用PCR扩增出不含N末端信号肽以及C末端内质网定位肽的几丁质酶基因片段.将该基因片断克隆至原核表达载体pProEXHTb,经IPTG诱导,在大肠杆菌DH5α中获得了高效表达,表达产物的大小为60kD,含量占菌体总蛋白量的40%.利用来源于AcMNPV 几丁质酶的抗体对表达蛋白进行检测,获得特异性的显色信号,证实所获原核表达产物与杆状病毒的几丁质酶具有同源性.     

烟草天蛾几丁质酶的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

将烟草天蛾Manduca sexta几丁质酶基因克隆入融合表达载体pET-28a,并在大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达。表达菌株经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导6～8 h后,几丁质酶表达并形成包涵体。在Ni²⁺-NTA亲和柱上经变、复性和纯化,得到可溶的几丁质酶。表达产物经Western 印迹鉴定。采用切胶回收的方法切割回收包涵体,并将回收产物免疫新西兰大白兔,ELISA检测抗体效价达1∶20 000。Western 印迹检测证明抗体特异性良好。     

棉铃虫Ⅰ型几丁质酶的表达

昆虫几丁质酶主要参与昆虫蜕皮、围食膜降解、细胞增殖、机体免疫防御、生长因子等重要生理生长发育过程。在本研究中,从NCBI下载棉铃虫几丁质酶序列,并克隆验证正确,构建的系统发育树表明属于Ⅰ型几丁质酶。将不包含信号肽的开放阅读框序列(1 707 bp)与pET28a载体连接,转化至大肠杆菌transetta(DE3)中进行诱导表达,Western blot进一步验证融合蛋白His-HaCHT。用镍柱子纯化融合蛋白,纯化获得的融合蛋白对胶体几丁质有降解活性,其酶活力为0.023μg/mL·s~(-1)。不同龄期的qPCR结果显示,该基因在棉铃幼虫的6个幼虫期以及预蛹蜕皮后均有表达,但HaCHTI在4龄和6龄幼虫阶段表达相对较高,而在1龄、2龄、3龄、5龄幼虫和预蛹表达量较低。这些结果表明,异源表达的棉铃虫的I型几丁质酶对胶体几丁质具有降解活性,可能对棉铃虫正常蜕皮有着重要的作用。     

烟夜蛾几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

运用RT-PCR技术扩增编码烟夜蛾Helicoverpaassulta(Guen啨e)幼虫几丁质酶基因的cDNA片段,将其克隆至pMD18-T载体,获得该基因的成熟蛋白阅读框序列。将该基因重组到表达型质粒pGEX-4T-2中,并转化入原核细胞中表达,序列测定结果表明,烟夜蛾幼虫几丁质酶基因的成熟蛋白阅读框全长1338bp,编码445个氨基酸残基,预测分子量和等电点分别为50.1kDa和9.26;推导的氨基酸序列与其近缘种棉铃虫几丁质酶氨基酸序列的一致性达99%,与其他6种昆虫几丁质酶的氨基酸序列也高度一致(65%~76%),并具有几丁质酶的典型特征。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2上并转化BL21,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析表明,经IPTG诱导,76kDa附近没有特异蛋白条带出现,表明烟夜蛾几丁质酶基因不能在原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2中表达。     

棘孢木霉几丁质酶tachi2 基因的原核表达及酶学性质研究

目的:实现棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,研究几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质.方法:利用PCR技术扩增得到几丁质酶基因tachi2,将其克隆到原核表达载体pEHISTEV中,测序后,转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后进行Tachi2蛋白的纯化和复性.用纯化的目的蛋白Tachi2进行几丁质酶酶学性质的研究.结果:tachi2基因在重组大肠杆菌中正确表达,其主要以包涵体形式存在;重组蛋白Tachi2分子量约为44kDa,经过纯化和复性后得到的Tachi2有较高的几丁质酶活性.该酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为7.0,几丁质酶在40℃以下比较稳定、pH 6～9时酶有较高活性,受Cu2和Zn2+的强烈抑制.结论:成功实现了棘孢木霉几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,表达纯化了重组蛋白,明确了几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质,为该几丁质酶的进一步开发利用和深入研究奠定了基础.     

HaSNPV几丁质酶基因在大肠杆菌和昆虫细胞中的表达及其产物对Bt杀虫剂的增效作用

为了探索杆状病毒几丁质酶对微生物杀虫剂的增效作用及其利用途径 ,分别在大肠杆菌和昆虫细胞中表达棉铃虫单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)几丁质酶 .用PCR方法扩增出不含N端信号肽编码序列的几丁质酶基因片段 ,并分别克隆至原核表达载体pET2 8a和重组到杆状病毒BactoBac表达系统 ,在大肠杆菌 (E .coli)BL2 1和粉纹夜蛾 (Trichoplusiani)细胞系Tn 5B1 4中分别进行了表达 .在大肠杆菌中表达量约占细菌总蛋白 15 % ,在昆虫细胞中表达量约占细胞总蛋白10 % .将含有几丁质酶的大肠杆菌和昆虫细胞表达产物添加到苏云金杆菌 (Bt)菌液中一起喂食 2龄家蚕 .结果显示 ,HaSNPV几丁质酶基因的 2种表达产物和Bt杀虫剂的混合物使处理的家蚕的致死时间较对照处理均明显缩短 .昆虫细胞和大肠杆菌表达产物与Bt混合物处理的LT50 分别从 93 5h和 95 1h缩短到 5 6 2h及 6 7 2h ,并且供试家蚕的生长速度明显缓慢 .研究结果表明 ,重组的HaSNPV几丁质酶有望作为Bt杀虫剂的增效剂     

两端融合表达几丁质结合结构域提高几丁质酶抗真菌活性

【目的】通过两端融合表达几丁质结合结构域来提高几丁质酶的活性和生物防治植物病原真菌能力。【方法】以苜蓿链霉菌(Streptomyces alfalae)ACCC40021中唯一的GH19家族几丁质酶为模板,构建两端融合表达几丁质结合结构域的几丁质酶,并进行原核表达;利用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS)测定几丁质酶活。【结果】成功构建了CatD_(ChiB) (催化结构域)、rChiB (含N-端几丁质结合结构域)、DChBD_(ChiB)(含两端几丁质结合结构域)三种形式的酶,并在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达;与CatD_(ChiB)和rChiB相比,DChBD_(ChiB)显著地提高了对α-几丁质、胶体几丁质和黑曲霉几丁质的结合能力和活性;同时增强了其对病原真菌长枝木霉的抑制作用。【结论】两端融合表达几丁质结合结构域是简单有效的提高几丁质酶活性及抗真菌活性的策略。     

豇豆几丁质酶N端序列测定及与其它植物的比较

通过自动 Edman降解程序 ,测定了经诱导、纯化的豇豆几丁质酶 N端 1 0个氨基酸的序列 ,并将该序列与其它植物几丁质酶 N端相应部分的氨基酸序列进行了比较分析。结果表明 ,该豇豆 ( Vigna sesquipedalis)几丁质酶 N端 1 0个氨基酸的序列为 EQCGSQAGGA,与 类几丁质酶同一部分同感序列同源性高达 1 0 0 % ;而与 、 及 类几丁质酶的相应序列均无同源性。结合考虑此酶的等电点 ( 8.3)及分子量 ( 33k D) ,可推测该豇豆几丁质酶属于 类几丁质酶。其 N端序列的高度保守性提示 ,该段序列可作为 类几丁质酶的一段主要特征序列 ,并可据其合成核酸探针 ,以分离、克隆其它 类几丁质酶编码基因。     

The direct repeat sequence upstream of Bacillus chitinase genes is cis-acting elements that negatively regulate heterologous expression in E. coli

To explore the influence of the direct repeat sequence (DRS) in Bacillus chitinase genes on heterogonous expression in Escherichia coli, we cloned and sequenced the entire open reading frame (ORF) and upstream sequences of the chitinase B (chiB) and chitinase MY75 (chiMY75) from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus licheniformis. A pair of 8-bp DRS was found upstream of each chi gene. Chi ORFs with a series of truncated DRS were cloned and transformed into E. coli XL-Blue. The activity of the transformants without the DRS were significantly higher in chitinase assays than transformants containing the DRS. SDS-PAGE showed that part and full deletion of the DRS increased chi gene expression by approximately 1.7 and 3.8-fold, respectively. Northern blotting revealed deletion of the DRS regions increased chiB and chiMY75 mRNA expression. Specific binding of DNA-binding factors in the E. coli cell lyaste was observed to both the chiB and chiMY75 promoter regions and DRS elements. This is the first investigation to demonstrate that heterologous expression of Bacillus chi genes in E. coli is negatively regulated by their upstream DRS regions, which act as cis-acting elements.     

几丁质酶基因表达载体pET-chiB的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的诱导表达

几丁质酶在降解几丁质的过程中起着重要作用,目前人们已从不同微生物体中分离并克隆出了多种几丁质酶基因。实验以pET-22b( )为载体,利用从粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)克隆出的chiB基因,构建出原核生物表达载体pET-chiB。通过表达载体pET-chiB的诱导表达,实验结果显示该基因表达的蛋白为可溶性蛋白,其分子量约为52 kD。利用不同参数包括时间、IPTG浓度和温度诱导表达载体pET-chiB表达并对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析,结果显示其诱导表达的最佳参数分别为4 h,0.5 mmol/L和25℃。这些结果为几丁质酶基因的进一步研究和几丁质酶工程菌生产奠定了良好的工作基础。     

Production and secretion of a recombinant Vibrio parahaemolyticus chitinase by Escherichia coli and its purification from the culture medium

An open reading frame encoding the chitinase gene and its signal sequence was cloned from the Vibrio parahaemolyticus KN1699 genome. An expression plasmid containing the gene was introduced into Escherichia coli cells, and recombinant chitinase (Pa-rChi) was produced and secreted into the culture medium with the aid of the signal peptide. Pa-rChi was purified and its substrate specificity was determined.     

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus热稳定几丁质酶基因的cDNA克隆及表达

根据Thermomyces lanuginosus热稳定几丁质酶Chit的N-端氨基酸序列和同源保守序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR及快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)的方法,克隆了该几丁质酶的编码基因chit,全长cDNA为1500bp,包含一个由442个氨基酸组成的开放阅读框。该基因已在GenBank中注册,登录号为DQ092332。将成熟肽几丁质酶Chit阅读框与酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组质粒pPIC9K/chit,转化毕赤酵母GS115,在甲醇的诱导下,成功地分泌出具生物活性的几丁质酶,诱导6d后酶活性达2.261U/mL,酶蛋白表达量为0.36mg/mL。该酶的最适反应温度和pH值分别为60℃和5.5,该酶在50℃以下稳定;65℃的半衰期为40min。     

美洲大蠊内生菌几丁质酶基因的克隆、表达及其活性研究 *

Objective: To clone the chitinase gene ChiA from the endophytes of Periplaneta americana soluble expression of the protein and to identify its function.Methods:The chitinase gene ChiA was amplified by PCR from the DNA of Serratia marcescens,which was separated from the gut of Periplaneta americana and obtained by subcloning. The expression plasmid ChiA/pET21b was constructed and analyzed by bioinformatics. The plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) and the postive strains were induced by IPTG at 20℃ for 20h. The bioactivity of the protein was determined by small punch test.Results:The cloned sequence was associated with Serratia marcescens ChiA gene of GenBank and their homology was 99%. The sequence encoded a protein containing of 571 amino acids and expressed stably in prokaryotic system.SDS-PAGE/Western blot show that the soluble target protein was obtained. The small punch test suggested that the target protein had the activity of decomposing chitin and was stronger than that of the Serratia marcescens.Conclusion:The chitinase gene ChiA of the Serratia marcescens from the gut of Periplaneta americana was cloned successfully. The soluble chitinase that shows marked bioactivity was attained by prokaryotic expression system, which has provided theoretical basis for its further application.     

Isolation and Characterization of the Genes Encoding Basic and Acidic Chitinase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants synthesize a number of antimicrobial proteins in response to pathogen invasion and environmental stresses. These proteins include two classes of chitinases that have either basic or acidic isoelectric points and that are capable of degrading fungal cell wall chitin. We have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the acidic and basic chitinases from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia wild type. Both chitinases are encoded by single copy genes that contain introns, a novel feature in chitinase genes. The basic chitinase has 73% amino acid sequence similarity to the basic chitinase from tobacco, and the acidic chitinase has 60% amino acid sequence similarity to the acidic chitinase from cucumber. Expression of the basic chitinase is organ-specific and age-dependent in Arabidopsis. A high constitutive level of expression was observed in roots with lower levels in leaves and flowering shoots. Exposure of plants to ethylene induced high levels of systemic expression of basic chitinase with expression increasing with plant age. Constitutive expression of basic chitinase was observed in roots of the ethylene insensitive mutant (etr) of Arabidopsis, demonstrating that root-specific expression is ethylene independent. Expression of the acidic chitinase gene was not observed in normal, untreated Arabidopsis plants or in plants treated with ethylene or salicylate. However, a transient expression assay indicated that the acidic chitinase promoter is active in Arabidopsis leaf tissue.     

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of mouse chitotriosidase

Mammalian chitinase and chitinase-like proteins are members of a recently discovered gene family. Thus far, neither chitin nor chitin synthase has been found in mammals. The existence of chitinase genes in mammals is intriguing and the physiologic functions of chitinases are not clear. Human chitotriosidase, also called chitinase 1 (chit1), has been cloned. It has been found that high levels of serum chitotriosidase are associated with several diseases, but the physiologic functions of this enzyme are still unclear. To facilitate the studies in animal models we cloned and characterized a cDNA that encodes the mouse chitotriosidase. The open reading frame of this cDNA predicts a protein of 464 amino acids with a typical chitinase structure, including a signal peptide, a highly conserved catalytic domain and a chitin-binding domain. The predicted amino acid sequence is highly homologous to that of human chitotriosidase and to that of mouse acidic mammalian chitinase. Sequence analysis indicates that the mouse chitotriosidase gene has 12 exons, spanning a 40-kb region in mouse chromosome 1. The constitutive expression of mouse chitotriosidase is restricted to brain, skin, bone marrow, kidney, tongue, stomach and testis. Recombinant expression of the cloned cDNA demonstrated that the encoded protein is secreted and has chitinolytic activity that is sensitive to the specific chitinase inhibitor allosamidin and has the ability to bind to chitin particles. Substitution mutations at the conserved catalytic site completely abolished the enzymatic activity of the recombinant protein. These studies illustrate that mouse chitotriosidase is a typical chitinase that belongs to the mammalian chitinase gene family.