海南省兴隆地区菠萝蜜种质资源调查与评价

对海南省兴隆地区菠萝蜜种质的分布、生境、花果期、栽培历史以及主要性状等进行了调查,并对菠萝蜜的农艺性状、果实品质等进行了综合评价.     

菠萝蜜花药发育及花粉萌发研究

研究花药发育过程和花粉萌发条件是菠萝蜜稳产优质的基础。采用石蜡切片和离体培养的方法,对菠萝蜜花药的发育和花粉萌发进行了研究,结果表明：菠萝蜜的花药有4个花粉囊;减数分裂的胞质分裂有连续型和同时型两种形式,形成了等双面体排列和四面体排列的四分体;成熟花药的表皮细胞积累有大量的单宁。160 g·L^-1的蔗糖和0.25 g·L^-1的硼酸混合溶液对菠萝蜜花粉萌发具有明显的促进作用,CaCl₂对菠萝蜜花粉萌发作用不明显。     

菠萝蜜果肉的发育解剖学研究

为了解菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)果肉的发育过程,运用石蜡切片和水装片的方法对其进行解剖学观察。结果表明,菠萝蜜果肉由表皮、基本组织和维管束组成,花后8周表皮和基本组织细胞中出现淀粉粒,成熟时完全消失,贮藏作用明显;外表皮细胞形态较规则,而内表皮细胞壁的初生纹孔场相对较多;维管束不发达,发育过程中没有明显变化。菠萝蜜果实发育成熟在花后18~19周。这为菠萝蜜的解剖学基础研究积累了资料。     

菠萝蜜叶和花的解剖结构研究

运用石蜡切片和电镜扫描等方法对菠萝蜜叶和花进行解剖学的观察和研究,结果表明:菠萝蜜的叶是典型的异面叶;表皮细胞的角质层较厚,叶肉有2～4层栅栏组织,海绵组织细胞间隙发达,在叶肉和叶脉中还有较多含单宁的薄壁细胞,叶脉的木质部非常发达;说明了菠萝蜜的叶具有较强的耐旱和抗虫能力。花小,单性,花粉粒小而量多,风媒传粉;三孔花粉粒。     

植物生物量研究概述(综述)

介绍了生物量的概念、发展历史和现状,将生物量的测定方法分为传统方法和现代方法进行论述,对各种生物量测定方法的利弊做了比较分析,并对生物量测定的发展趋势进行预测。     

木本植物抗寒性概述(综述)

抗寒性是植物适应和忍耐低温胁迫的能力,是复杂的多基因特征,其研究历史悠久。近些年的研究为理解植物如何响应外界低温并获得抗寒性提供了重要线索。本文概述了低温下木本植物冰核及其传播、深度过冷却与玻璃化形成、低温锻炼的生理学与遗传调控、低温锻炼的分子生物学与遗传工程等方面的进展,以期为人们在维持重要作物高产的同时提高其抗寒性提供参考。     

菠萝蜜烟用香料香气成分分析及其在卷烟中应用的研究

本文采用GC/MS法对菠萝蜜烟用香料香气成分进行了全面的分析,共鉴定出45种成分,检出率占总成分的98.29%,主要是酯类化合物占42.22%,醇类化合物占24.49%,酸类化合物占21.83%等。通过菠萝蜜烟用香料在卷烟中增香保润效果的应用评价,研究菠萝蜜烟用香料中香气成分在卷烟中的应用效果。结果表明,菠萝蜜烟用香料对卷烟增香和保润具有较好的作用效果,具有重要的应用价值。     

白化菠萝蜜茎2个蛋白激酶和4个转录因子家族分析

为探究蛋白激酶(PKs)和转录因子(TFs)在白化菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus)幼苗茎次生生长中的表达变化,基于转录组数据对其差异表达基因(DEGs)进行预测及分类,并对挑选出的2个PKs和4个TFs家族构建系统进化树。结果表明,胞质类受体激酶(RLCK)-VIII家族的DEGs上下调表达各4个,亮氨酸富集重复类受体激酶(LRR-RLK)-X家族Xa和Xb-2分支中的DEGs均下调表达,Xb-1中的均上调,TCP家族的20个DEGs中有15个上调表达,zf-HD和GRF家族中的大多数DEGs上调表达,Alfin-like家族中的DEGs均下调表达。因此,这表明6个家族可能在菠萝蜜茎的次生生长过程和应对非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。     

半枝莲化学成分及药理活性研究进展(综述)

半枝莲Scutellaria barbata为我国传统中药,具清热解毒、化瘀止痛、排石利尿等多重功效。化学成分研究表明,半枝莲含有大量黄酮类、二萜类、挥发油类及多糖等化学成分;药理研究表明,半枝莲具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗菌及免疫调节等药理活性。本文综述半枝莲的化学成分及其药理活性研究概况,为其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

云南菠萝蜜园优势科蛾类的时空生态位分析

【目的】探明菠萝蜜园的蛾类群落组成、优势科时空生态位特征,为害虫的监测预警和生态控制等提供参考依据。【方法】采用灯光诱集的方法收集菠萝蜜园蛾类标本,并进行分类鉴定和统计,利用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠分析主要蛾类的时、空资源占有情况及群落间的竞争共存关系。【结果】共收集到蛾类10科47种,各科物种数占总物种数的比例及其个体数量相对多度均大于5%的优势科为天蛾科(29.79%,48.58%)、灯蛾科(19.15%,24.23%)、毒蛾科(17.02%,9.24%)、螟蛾科(10.64%,5.18%)和尺蛾科(8.51%,7.84%)。优势科的时空生态位宽度普遍较大,生态位重叠主要表现为“宽-宽”型重叠;个体数量相对多度大于1%的7个科两两配对,21对组合中,在时间和空间2个一维生态位上所有组合均具有重叠意义(Q_ij>0.3),在时间和空间维度上分别有8对和7对组合显著重叠(Q_ij>0.6),但在时空二维生态位上具有重叠意义的组合降低到10对,且仅有1对组合显著重叠。【结论】菠萝蜜园蛾类优势科对时空资源占有能力普遍较强,且优势科之间的时空生态位重叠较大,其在时空生态位以外的其他资源维度可能存在较大的分化是其实现共存的原因。     

Genetic Diversity of Bangladeshi Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) over Time and Across Seedling Sources

Economic Botany - Crop genetic diversity is important, but may be lost due to intentional or non-intentional selection processes. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is the national fruit of...     

First report of a hymenopteran parasitoid complex on jackfruit shoot and fruit borer Diaphania caesalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from India

ABSTRACT

A survey of the species composition and relative abundance of Diaphania caesalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in plantations of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in three southern states along India’s western coast recorded thirteen species of primary parasitoids and one species of a hyperparasitoid, namely Tetrastichus pantnagerensis Khan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Apanteles stantoni Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the most dominant parasitoid and found in 35% of the parasitised host larvae in Karnataka, 38.5% in Kerala, and 33.1% in Tamil Nadu whereas the overall level of parasitisation, involving all the different parasitoids recorded, was approximately 41%–45% and did not vary significantly with location.     

The Effects of Two Drying Rates on the Desiccation Tolerance of Embryonic Axes of Recalcitrant Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) Seeds

This study compared the survival, electrolyte leakage and ultrastructuralcharacteristics of embryonic axes of recalcitrant jackfruitdried rapidly (     

In vitro response of apical bud explants from mature trees of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

A tissue culture technique for rapid vegetative propagation of mature jackfruit trees using apical bud cultures has been developed. Shoot-tip cultures were established on MS medium with 5–10 mm explants dissected from terminal buds of new growth from trunk. After initial culture of bud explants, one- to two-node pieces were taken from the microshoots formed and used to proliferate further axillary shoots for multiplying and maintaining shoot cultures. Benzyladenine and kinetin (4.5–9.0 µM), either separately or together, supported shoot proliferation; higher concentrations of the cytokinins inhibited bud breaking and favoured callus formation at the explant bases. Bud explants taken from emerging trunk sprouts invariably produced clumps of multiple shoots, whereas buds obtained from actively growing top branches generally elongated to form a solitary shoot. November to January was the best season for initiation of cultures from field-grown trees. Shoots proliferated at the initial subcultures had mature morphology and were difficult-to-root. Shoots assumed to be juvenile-like developed at the later passages and could be rooted with 60–80% success using 1/2-MS salts and 10 µM of indolebutyric acid or naphthaleneacetic acid. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to the soil and about 50% survived.     

A novel serine protease with human fibrino(geno)lytic activities from Artocarpus heterophyllus latex

A protease was isolated and purified from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) latex and designated as a 48-kDa antimicrobial protease (AMP48) in a previous publication. In this work, the enzyme was characterized for more biochemical and medicinal properties. Enzyme activity of AMP48 was strongly inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and soybean trypsin inhibitor, indicating that the enzyme was a plant serine protease. The N-terminal amino acid sequences (A-Q-E-G-G-K-D-D-D-G-G) of AMP48 had no sequence similarity matches with any sequence databases of BLAST search and other plant serine protease. The secondary structure of this enzyme was composed of high α-helix (51%) and low β-sheet (9%). AMP48 had fibrinogenolytic activity with maximal activity between 55 and 60°C at pH 8. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed α followed by partially hydrolyzed β and γ subunits of human fibrinogen. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity was observed through the degradation products by SDS-PAGE and emphasized its activity by monitoring the alteration of secondary structure of fibrin clot after enzyme digestion using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. This study presented the potential role to use AMP48 as antithrombotic for treatment thromboembolic disorders such as strokes, pulmonary emboli and deep vein thrombosis.     

Artoindonesianins Q-T,four isoprenylated flavones from Artocarpus champeden Spreng. (Moraceae)

Four isoprenylated flavones, artoindonesianins Q-T, were isolated from the heartwood of Artocarpus champeden Roxb. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data.     

Sensory evaluation of fruit quality and nutritional composition of 20 breadfruit (Artocarpus, Moraceae) cultivars

Twenty breadfruit cultivars growing in afield genebank at Kahanu Garden, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hana, Maui, Hawaii, were evaluated for sensory attributes and nutrient composition. A taste panel scored eight flavor/aroma attributes, five textural attributes, and color. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) in aroma, visual texture, flavor intensity, sweetness, starchiness, moistness, stringiness, firmness, and color. The greatest differences were in color and texture. Nutrient analyses showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for energy, carbohydrates, ash, crude protein, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron, copper, and zinc. Considering the versatility of breadfruit as a food, its ease of production, and its nutritional value, the numerous good quality flavorful cultivars available should be more widely grown for sustainable agriculture and food security.     

Factors affecting in vitro proliferation and rooting of shoots of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)

Successful vegetative propagation of seedling jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) has been achieved by in vitro methods. Proliferation from nodal explants was greater than from shoot tips. Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10^-6M. Shoot proliferation was optimal at 30°C with a 12 h photoperiod. Optimal rooting of shoots in vitro was obtained with indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 10^-6M. The number and length of roots was significantly increased in 12 h light as compared with the dark.     

Artoindonesianins X and Y, two isoprenylated 2-arylbenzofurans, from Artocarpus fretessi (Moraceae)

Two isoprenylated 2-arylbenzofurans, artoindonesianins X and Y (1-2), together with seven known flavonoids, have been isolated from the roots and tree bark of Artocarpus fretessi. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate activity against the brine shrimp Artemia salina.