Contributions to the systematics of the genus Microsiphum (homoptera, aphididae)

Microsiphum Cholodkovsky (Macrosiphini) is a small genus comprising 11 species and subspecies distributed in the Palaearctic Region. After examination of the collection of the Institute of Zoology (Kazakhstan), Microsiphum diversisetosum sp. n. from Artemisia abrotanum (northern and western Kazakhstan) is described. New synonymies are established: M. nudum Holman, 1961 = M. minus Bozhko, 1963, syn. n., M. ptarmicae Cholodkovsky, 1902 = M. heptapotamicum Kadyrbekov, 2000, syn. n. The taxonomic rank of M. procerae subalpicum Mamontova, 1982 stat. n. and M. jazykovi wahlgreni Hille Ris Lambers, 1947 stat. n. is changed. A key to the known taxa of the genus Microsiphum is given.     

中国四川菜花露尾甲亚属一新种（鞘翅目：露尾甲科）

记述采自中国四川省的菜花露尾甲属菜花露尾甲亚属1新种:淡翅菜花露尾甲Meligethes(Meligethes)pallidoelytrorum Chen&Kirejtshuk sp.nov.。对其特征作了描述,提供了成虫形态及雌雄外生殖器特征图。新种的主要鉴别特征为:虫体背部体表光滑,鞘翅具稀疏的刻点,跗爪基部具明显的齿。并提出滑菜花露尾甲M.(M.)lutra Solsky,1876和蜜菜花露尾甲M.(M.)melleus Grouvelle,1908是长唇菜花露尾甲M.(M.)vulpes Solsky,1876的新异名。     

Cluster biodiversity as a multidimensional structure evolution strategy: checkerspot butterflies of the group Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

In the present paper, we explore the evolution of cluster structure in closely related species in the Euphydryas aurinia complex based on morphological (wing pattern, genital armatures) and molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) characters. Male genitalia differ in the length and shape of the uncus, harpe and juxta branches, by the shape of some parts of the phallus, and by the amount of spikes on the ventral section of the valva. The main trends in the vertical distribution of the E. aurinia group are dwarfism with increasing altitude, coupled with enlargement of paler and darker‐coloured elements of the wing pattern, increasing the overall contrast. Unlike the Euphydryas maturna, the E. aurinia complex forms many local populations specialized under different ecological conditions, probably affected by different evolutionary scenarios. The phylogenetic analysis of the group reveals two ecologically distinct subgroups: one associated with the boreal forest‐mesophyllic meadow biome and one associated with the xeromesophyllic steppe biome. Within each group, two major ecological strategies have evolved in parallel: montane and lowland. Based on the results of the analyses, we revise the nomenclature as follows: E. aurinia pyrenesdebilis (Verity, 1928), stat. rev. (= debilis Oberthür, 1909, syn.n. , nomen nudum), E. aurinia bulgarica (Fruhstorfer, 1916), stat. rev. , E. aurinia provincialis (Boisduval, 1828), stat. rev. and E. beckeri (Lederer, 1853), stat. rev. The following name‐bearing types are designated: neotype of Papilio aurinia Rottemburg, 1775, neotype of Papilio merope de Prunner, 1798, lectotype of Melitaea beckeri Lederer, 1853, and lectotype of Melitaea aurinia banghaasi Seitz, 1908. All name‐bearing types are figured. A new subspecies, Euphydryas laeta ostracon Korb, Bolshakov, Fric, ssp.n. , is described (type locality by holotype data: Kazakhstan, Vostochno‐Kazakhstanskaya Oblast, Shemonaikha).     

The type-material of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera,Erebidae) described by Burmeister and Berg in the collection of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (Buenos Aires,Argentina)

Carlos G. Burmeister and Carlos Berg were among the most important and influential naturalists and zoologists in Argentina and South America and described 241 species and 34 genera of Lepidoptera. The Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN) housed some of the Lepidoptera type specimens of these authors. In this study we present a catalogue with complete information and photographs of 11 Burmeister type specimens and 10 Berg type specimens of Phaegopterina, Arctiina and Pericopina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) housed in the MACN. Lectotypes or holotypes were designated where primary type specimens could be recognized; in some cases we were not able to recognize types. The catalogue also proposes nomenclatural changes and new synonymies: Opharus picturata (Burmeister, 1878), comb. n.; Opharus brunnea Gaede, 1923: 7, syn. n.; Hypocrisias jonesi (Schaus, 1894), syn. n.; Leucanopsis infucata (Berg, 1882), stat. rev.; Paracles argentina (Berg, 1877), sp. rev.; Paracles uruguayensis (Berg, 1886), sp. rev.     

Resurrection of the genus Yezoterpnosia Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadini) based on a new definition of the genus Terpnosia Distant

The genus Terpnosia Distant is newly defined. Terpnosia elegans (Kirby) stat. rev. is resurrected from junior synonymy with Terpnosia psecas (Walker). Seven species are now considered to belong to Terpnosia sensu stricto, including two species currently placed in this genus: T. psecas (Walker) and T. elegans (Kirby) stat. rev. Five species are transferred from Pomponia Stål to Terpnosia: T. polei (Henry) comb. nov., T. lactea (Distant) comb. nov., T. similis (Schmidt) comb. nov., T. simusa (Boulard) comb. nov., and T. graecina (Distant) comb. nov. Yezoterpnosia Matsumura stat. rev. is resurrected from junior synonymy with Terpnosia. Six species formerly in the genus Terpnosia are transferred to Yezoterpnosia: Y. nigricosta (De Motschulsky), Y. ichangensis (Liu) comb. nov., Y. shaanxiensis (Sanborn) comb. nov., Y. vacua (Olivier) comb. nov., Y. obscura (Kato) comb. nov., and Y. fuscoapicalis (Kato) comb. nov. Terpnosia is placed in the subtribe Psithyristriina of the tribe Cicadini, and Yezoterpnosia is placed in the subtribe Leptopsaltriina of Cicadini. Terpnosiina syn. nov. is synonymized with Psithyristriina.     

Phylogenetic reassessment and biogeography of the Ectateus generic group (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Platynotina)

Owing to the reinterpretation of its morphological synapomorphies, the taxonomic composition of the Ectateus generic group had been ambiguous. The present study scrutinized all existing taxonomic concepts of the group based on a cladistic analysis of the adult morphology of all of the Afrotropical platynotoid Platynotina genera. The phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using parsimony and Bayesian inference. The results show that all previous taxonomic concepts of the Ectateus generic group concerned paraphyletic entities. The cladistic analysis revealed the following synapomorphies for the taxon: (1) presence of basal indentations of the pronotal disc, (2) ratio of prothorax width to its maximal height > 6.0, and (3) ratio of maximal height of the prothorax to total height < 0.3. Moreover, phylogenetic studies revealed the existence of the Upembarus generic group, a sister‐taxon group to the Ectateus generic group, within the Afrotropical platynotoid Platynotina. Autapomorphic and synapomorphic character mapping show that several taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are needed to consider the particular generic‐level entities traditionally assigned to Afrotropical platynotoid Platynotina as monophyletic lineages. The following taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments are made in this paper: P teroselinus gen. nov. is erected to accommodate a single species that was previously assigned to Zidalus: Pteroselinus insularis comb. nov. Additionally, the following synonymies are proposed: Anchophthalmops (= Platykochius syn. nov. ), Angolositus (= Aberlencus syn. nov. , = Platymedvedevia syn. nov. ), Glyptopteryx (= Microselinus syn. nov. , = Quadrideres syn. nov. , = Synquadrideres syn. nov. ). In addition, Kochogaster is lowered in rank and is treated as one of the subgenera of Anchophthalmus. Moreover, Pseudoselinus is treated as a subgenus of Upembarus. An identification key to all Afrotropical platynotoid Platynotina genera and subgenera is presented. Zoogeographical analyses revealed the following dispersal barriers for the Ectateus generic group: (1) the Sahara (northern barrier); (2) the dry ecosystems of Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa (southern barrier); and (3) the Congolian rainforests (internal distributional gap). The ancestor of the taxon probably originated in East African ecoregions that predominantly contained wattletrees (acacias) and Commiphora Jacq. Moreover, past climate changes seem to have had a great impact on the observed generic distribution. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London     

Species group taxa of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera,Cerambycidae) described by N. N. Plavilstshikov and their types preserved in the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University and in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,St. Petersburg

The names of all 135 species-group taxa of Cerambycidae described by N. N. Plavilstshikov are listed. Types of all these taxa preserved in the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University and in the Zoological Institute (St. Petersburg) are catalogued, with lectotypes and paralectotypes designated. New synonymies are proposed: Pseudosieversia rufa (Kraatz, 1879) = Macrorhabdium ruficollis Plavilstshikov, 1915, syn. n.; Pseudo sieversia Pic, 1902 = Macrorhabdium Plavilstshikov, 1915, syn. n.; Agapanthia angelicae Reitter, 1898 = A. jacobsoni Plavilstshikov, 1915, syn. n. Dorcadion arietinum phenax Jakovlev, 1900, stat. n. is a valid name of the taxon known before as D. arietinum strandi Plav. Alosterna tabacicolor subsp. tokatensis Pic, 1901 (= A. t. caucasica Plavilstshikov, 1936, syn. n.) is regarded as a valid name (nomen protectum), and A. chrysomeloides var. subvittata Reitter, 1885 is regarded a nomen oblitum, as well as Cortodera umbripennis var. pallidipes Pic, 1898, while C. ruthena Plavilstshikov, 1936 is nomen protectum. Vadonia bipunctata puchneri Holzschuh, 2007, stat. n. is widely distributed in southern Ukraine and southern Russia from Dnepropetrovsk to Rostov-on-Don, and in the North Caucasus; specimens of this subspecies, as also specimens of V. saucia (Mulsant et Godart, 1855), stat. rest., known from the southern Crimea, constitute a part of the type series of V. bipunctata mulsantiana (Plavilstshikov, 1936).     

Revision of the Barsine punicea Moore, 1878 species-group,with descriptions of two new species and two new subspecies (Lepidoptera,Erebidae, Arctiinae)

The Barsine puniceaMoore, 1878 species-group is revised. Two new species, Barsine bachma Volynkin & ?erný, sp. nov. (Central Vietnam and Hainan, China) and Barsine sirikitae Volynkin & ?erný, sp. nov. (North Thailand), and two new subspecies, Barsine punicea kachina Volynkin & ?erný, ssp. nov. (North Myanmar) and Barsine bachma bolovena Volynkin & ?erný, ssp. nov. (South Laos) are described. Barsine punicea melanandra ?erný, 2009 is upgraded to the species level: Barsine melanandra ?erný, 2009, stat. nov.Miltochrista rothschildiDraudt, 1914 is synonymized with Barsine punicea and downgraded to the subspecies status: Barsine punicea rothschildi (Draudt, 1914), syn. & stat. nov. The lectotype for Miltochrista coccineaRothschild, 1913 is designated. Adult, male and female genitalia are illustrated.     

Phylogeny of Paussus L. (Carabidae: Paussinae): unravelling morphological convergence associated with myrmecophilous life histories

Ant nest beetles (Paussus L.) are ecologically fascinating and phenotypically bizarre. Obligate myrmecophiles, Paussus have undergone extreme adaptations for life with ants and their profound range of phenotypic diversity has been difficult to reconcile in a systematic framework. We conducted a detailed morphological study of Paussus utilizing novel techniques and character systems in order to discover anatomical apomorphies diagnostic of the major clades of Paussus strongly supported by molecular data. Bayesian inference (BI) of molecules alone, morphology alone and varying combinations of the two data types reveal that morphology is informative for placing Paussus species, despite the extreme phenotypic diversity and convergence prevalent in the group. We propose a new classification for Paussus based on this phylogeny. The genus Paussus is revised to include all genera, subgenera and species formerly classified as Paussus by Nagel (2003) in addition to Hylopaussus syn.n. , Hylotorus syn.n. and Granulopaussus syn.n. The following species are transferred to Paussus: Paussus sebakuanus (Péringuey) comb.n. , Paussus gracilis (Reichensperger) comb.n. , Paussus bucephalus Gyllenhal, Paussus caroli (Reichensperger) comb.n. , Paussus uelensis (Reichensperger) comb.n. , Paussus hottentottus (Westwood) comb.n. , Paussus blanchardi (Raffray) comb.n. , Paussus basilewskyi (Luna de Carvalho) comb.n. , Paussus granulatus Westwood, Paussus sankuruensis Reichensperger, Paussus leleupi (Reichensperger) comb.n. , Paussus reichenspergeri (Luna de Carvalho) comb.n. We formally delineate and diagnose the following major subgroups of Paussus: Paussus I series, comprising the subgenera Bohemanipaussus Luna de Carvalho stat. rev. sensu n. , Bathypaussus Wasmann stat. rev. sensu n. , and Edaphopaussus Kolbe stat. rev. sensu n. ; the Paussus II series comprising the subgenera Paussus L. stat. rev. sensu n. , Klugipaussus Kolbe stat. rev. sensu n. , Scaphipaussus Fowler stat. rev. sensu n. , Hylotorus Dalman stat.n. sensu n. , and Anapaussus Wasmann stat. rev. sensu n. ; and the Paussus III series comprising the subgenera Lineatopaussus Kolbe stat. rev. sensu n. and Shuckardipaussus Kolbe stat. rev. sensu n.     

Three hawkweeds (Hieracium,Asteraceae) from the Netherlands typified and raised to species rank

After a short sketch of Dutch hieraciology, three taxa belonging to Hieracium sectt. Vulgata and Tridentata that were described from the Netherlands at the rank of subspecies or variety by Zahn are typified and raised to species rank. Hieracium meppelense (Zahn) Haveman comb. et stat nov. is found in the province of Drenthe in the northeastern part of the country, H. limburgense (Zahn) Haveman comb. et stat nov. in south‐Limburg in the southernmost part and H. macrodontophyllum (Van Soest et Zahn) Haveman comb. et stat nov. in the surroundings of Nijmegen and Arnhem, and further north in the central sand area. Photographs of the types as well as maps with the hitherto known distribution of these three species are included.     

Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Candalidini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): systematics,diversification and evolutionary history

The butterfly tribe Candalidini is geographically restricted to Australia and mainland New Guinea and its adjacent islands. With 60 species and subspecies, it represents a large radiation of Papilionoidea in the Australian region. Although the species-level taxonomy is relatively well understood, the number of genera is uncertain, varying from two to eight. We reconstructed the phylogeny of the Candalidini based on a 13-locus hybrid enrichment probe set (12.8 Kbp: COI, Thiolase, CAD, CAT, DDC, EF1-a, GAPDH, HCL, IDH, MDH, RPS2, RPS5, Wingless), including all previously recognized genera and 76% (28/37) of the species-level diversity of the tribe. Maximum likelihood analysis recovered the Candalidini as a strongly supported monophyletic group. In conjunction with morphological characters, the phylogeny provided a robust framework for a revised classification in which we recognize four genera, 37 species and 23 subspecies. The genus Nesolycaena Waterhouse & R.E. Turner is considered in synonymy with Candalides Hübner, and four other genera are not recognized, namely, Holochila C. Felder, Adaluma Tindale, Zetona Waterhouse and Microscena Tite. Of the four valid genera, the absimilis group (23 species) is placed in the newly described genus Eirmocides Braby, Espeland & Müller gen. nov. (type species Candalides consimilis Waterhouse). The erinus group (six species) is assigned to Erina Swainson, which is reinstated. Chrysophanus cyprotus Olliff is assigned to Cyprotides Tite, which is also reinstated as a monotypic genus. The remaining seven species are placed in Candalides sensu stricto. Overall, we propose 47 new nomenclatural changes at the species and subspecies levels, including the synonymy of Holochila biaka Tite as Eirmocides tringa biaka (Tite) syn. nov. et comb. nov. and recognition of Candalides hyacinthinus gilesi M.R. Williams & Bollam as a distinct species Erina gilesi (M.R. Williams & Bollam stat. rev. et comb. nov. A dated phylogeny using Bayesian inference in BEAST2 and biogeographical and habitat analyses based on the DEC model in BioGeoBEARS indicated that the ancestor of the Candalidini most likely evolved in rainforest habitats of the mesic biome in situ on the Australian plate of Southern Gondwana during the Eocene (c. 43 Ma). A major period of diversification occurred in the Miocene, which coincided with aridification of the Australian continent, followed by a further episode of radiation in montane New Guinea during the Plio-Pleistocene. This published work has been registered on ZooBank by the authors: Michael Braby: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4D3A7605-EBD0-40F6-A5F2-7F67F59E3D60 ; Marianne Espeland: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:00D6F9F9-3902-4A8B-846F-720AB32922A6 ; Chris Müller: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:15FE5F26-7596-46C2-9697-1FD92A692D0D ; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:47D5CA34-C294-4FBD-84B6-1C2A82B7CADF .     

Morphological and molecular taxonomy of a new Daptonema (Nematoda,Xyalidae) with comments on the systematics of some related taxa

A new species of Daptonema is described based upon morphological characters and 18S rRNA sequence. Daptonema matrona sp. nov. was collected in Pina Basin (north‐eastern Brazil). It differs from all other species of the genus by the presence of reduced cephalic setae and straight spicules. These features require an adaptation of the generic diagnosis. Moreover, the females are characterized by intra‐uterine development of the offspring, considered herein as their major autapomorphic feature. Molecular systematic analyses supported Daptonema matrona sp. nov. as a distinct genetic and evolutionary lineage. The data also indicate hypotheses of taxonomic synonymies amongst some related taxa from Xyalidae as well as the paraphyly of Daptonema. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 158 , 1–15.     

Diversity of North American map and sawback turtles (Testudines: Emydidae: Graptemys)

Map turtles of the genus Graptemys are native to North America, where a high degree of drainage endemism is believed to have shaped current diversity. With 14 species and one additional subspecies, Graptemys represents the most diverse genus in the family Emydidae. While some Graptemys species are characterized by pronounced morphological differences, previous phylogenetic analyses have failed yet to confirm significant levels of genetic divergence for many taxa. As a consequence, it has been debated whether Graptemys is taxonomically inflated or whether the low genetic divergence observed reflects recent radiations or ancient hybridization. In this study, we analysed three mtDNA blocks (3228 bp) as well as 12 nuclear loci (7844 bp) of 89 specimens covering all species and subspecies of Graptemys. Our analyses of the concatenated mtDNA sequences reveal that the widespread G. geographica constitutes the sister taxon of all other Graptemys species. These correspond to two clades, one comprised of all broad‐headed Graptemys species and another clade containing the narrow‐headed species. Most species of the broad‐headed clade are reciprocally monophyletic, except for G. gibbonsi and G. pearlensis, which are not differentiated. By contrast, in the narrow‐headed clade, many currently recognized species are not monophyletic and divergence is significantly less pronounced. Haplotype networks of phased nuclear loci show low genetic divergence among taxa and many shared haplotypes. Principal component analyses using coded phased nuclear DNA sequences revealed eight distinct clusters within Graptemys that partially conflict with the terminal mtDNA clades. This might be explained by male‐mediated gene flow across drainage basins and female philopatry within drainage basins. Our results support that Graptemys is taxonomically oversplit and needs to be revised.