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1.
苔藓植物是地表生态系统的重要组分,研究苔藓植物对氮沉降的生理响应可以在机理机制上探讨如何科学合理利用苔藓指示大气氮沉降。以西北地区3种苔藓植物——齿肋赤藓(Syntrichia caninervis),真藓(Bryum argenteum)和尖叶匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum)为研究对象,设置0、2、4、6 g·m-2 4个不同氮素处理梯度(分别计为N0、N2、N4、N6),研究氮素增加对不同苔藓植物叶绿素、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)4个氮素处理水平均能促进尖叶匐灯藓的叶绿素a和叶绿素b合成,尤以N4处理的促进作用最佳,而N2处理对齿肋赤藓和真藓的叶绿素a和叶绿素b具有明显的抑制作用(对齿肋赤藓的抑制作用更强)。(2)苔藓体内可以产生脯氨酸(Pro),可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性蛋白(SP)来调节细胞渗透平衡。不同氮素处理均促进了真藓和尖叶匐灯藓Pro,SS和SP的含量,但N2处理下齿肋赤藓的3种物质含量开始下降,说明其对氮较为敏感。(3)在设定的氮素添加处理下,低浓度氮素促进3种苔藓植物的抗氧化酶活性,但高浓度氮素抑制苔藓植物的抗氧化酶活性。(4)齿肋赤藓的抗氧化系统调节中起主要作用的是超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),而真藓和尖叶匐灯藓的抗氧化系统调节中起主要作用的是过氧化氢酶(CAT)。综上所述,3种苔藓植物中,齿肋赤藓对氮素增加最为敏感,其次是真藓和尖叶匐灯藓,据此可将齿肋赤藓作为大气氮沉降的指示植物。  相似文献   

2.
三种苔藓植物对模拟N沉降的生理响应   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
该文研究了华南地区常见的3种苔藓植物大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme)、刺边小金发藓拟刺亚种(Pogonatum cirratum subsp. fuscatum)和石地钱(Reboulia hemisphaerica)在模拟N沉降条件下碳氮代谢的响应特征, 探讨了N沉降对这3种苔藓植物生长的影响。结果表明: 3种植物对N沉降的响应存在差异。大灰藓在加氮浓度为0 ~ 60 kg N·hm-2的范围内, 光合速率、淀粉、可溶性糖、总氮及可溶性蛋白的含量均随加氮浓度的升高而上升; 对照条件下NR(硝酸还原酶)可诱导活性很高, 表明其对氮的需求强烈; 膜K+渗漏在加氮浓度为20 kg N·hm-2时高于对照, 但更高的加氮浓度下并未使其进一步上升。刺边小金发藓拟刺亚种在加氮浓度为0~40 kg N·hm-2的范围内, 碳氮代谢的多数指标的变化趋势与大灰藓相似, 但当N沉降高于40 kg N·hm-2时, 呈现相反的变化趋势; 在对照条件下具一定的NR可诱导活性, 但人工加氮使其可诱导活性急剧下降。石地钱的可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量在不同处理条件下变化不明显, 但光合速率和淀粉含量在加氮浓度为20和40 kg N·hm-2时低于对照及加氮浓度为60 kg N·hm-2时, 而植物总氮含量的变化趋势刚好相反; NR固有活性及可诱导活性在各种N处理条件下均极低, 显示其对NO3-利用率低。刺边小金发藓拟刺亚种和石地钱的膜K+渗漏仅在60 kg N·hm-2处理时显著上升。  相似文献   

3.
刘蔚秋  刘滨扬  王江  雷纯义 《生态学报》2010,30(7):1691-1698
研究了林内及林缘两个生境中,在有苔藓覆盖和无苔藓覆盖条件下,人工加氮对土壤理化性质及土壤微生物群落的影响。结果显示加氮使土壤pH下降,有效态氮和有效态磷的含量上升,但不同生境及有无苔藓植物覆盖在一定程度上影响土壤理化性质及其对加氮的反应。苔藓植物覆盖可以缓解加氮引起的土壤酸化及有效氮含量上升压力,促进有效态磷含量上升。不同生境中,土壤微生物对氮沉降的响应亦不同。低氮使林缘生境土壤微生物的胁迫程度减小,中高氮使其胁迫程度上升,而任何加氮均增加林内生境中土壤微生物的胁迫程度。两个生境中,苔藓植物覆盖均可以缓解过量氮沉降对土壤微生物造成的压力,降低过量氮沉降对土壤微生物的伤害,提高土壤微生物的代谢活性。  相似文献   

4.
木本植物对高氮沉降的生理生态响应   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
从4个方面综述了木本植物对氮沉降增加的生理生态响应研究进展。(1)氮沉降增加引起木本植物组织氮浓度增加,从而改变其体内的氮代谢:(2)氮沉降影响植物的光合作用速率及与光合作用相关的含氮组分,一定范围内氮沉降会增加光合速率、光合色素和Rubisco含量:(3)氮沉降增加将导致植物的呼吸作用增强:(4)氮沉降增加不利于植物的抗逆性,导致植物的抗寒力和抗病虫害的能力下降。  相似文献   

5.
陈平  赵博  闫子超  杨璐  赵秀海  张春雨 《生态学报》2018,38(22):8184-8193
通过对山西太岳山油松人工林进行模拟氮沉降实验,探究土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降刺激的短期响应动态。2015年7—8月,分3次分别对同一样地进行模拟氮沉降处理,水平皆为100 kg hm~(-2)a~(-1),同时采用LI-COR8150土壤碳通量自动观测系统全天候连续监测土壤呼吸动态,探究土壤施氮前后呼吸速率的动态变化以及呼吸速率与土壤温度和湿度的关联。结果表明:3次氮沉降处理均呈现出相同规律,土壤呼吸值在施氮后1 d内达到最大值,随即下降,在施氮后第3天土壤呼吸趋于稳定;第一、二次氮沉降处理3 d后土壤呼吸恢复到处理前的状态,并未表现出显著差异(P0.05)。第三次氮沉降处理后土壤呼吸并未恢复到施氮前的状态,土壤呼吸均值由1.99μmol m~(-2)s~(-1)显著上升到3.39μmol m~(-2)s~(-1)(P0.05)。这表明,氮处理对土壤呼吸产生了持续效应。施氮后土壤呼吸与土壤温度呈极显著(P0.001)指数相关(R_s=ae~(bT)),随着时间的推移,施氮处理解释土壤呼吸的相对贡献值由60%—69%下降到14%—59%。施氮提高了土壤温度敏感系数Q_(10)值;土壤温度和湿度(R_s=ae~(bT)W~c)能更好的解释土壤呼吸变化,解释率达到49%—91%。在全球变化的背景下,研究模拟氮沉降对土壤呼吸、Q_(10)的影响,可以对进一步模拟、预测全球暖温带地区森林碳循环和碳储量提供理论基础。  相似文献   

6.
王铖  尹丽娟  朱瑞良 《广西植物》2015,35(4):520-525
桧叶白发藓(Leucobryum juniperoideum)在我国东南部常见,被认为是一种理想的、适用于庭院栽培的苔藓植物,而氮是植物必需的矿质元素,但过量摄入会对其造成伤害,近年来氮沉降水平的提高对苔藓植物的多样性造成了严重影响。该研究为揭示氮沉降加剧对桧叶白发藓的影响,以经6个月断茎培养的桧叶白发藓配子体为材料,用Ca(NO3)2、NH4HCO3和NH4NO3代表三种氮源,设置2、4、8、16gN·m-2 4个水平,以喷洒去离子水为对照,进行不同氮源的胁迫试验。结果表明:氮处理浓度的增加引起组织氮含量的显著提高,增加幅度分别为69.1%、25.7%和43.1%;同时引起植株坏死率显著上升,增加幅度分别为16.5%、12.5%和13.9%。三种氮源处理对株高和净重的影响有显著差异,低浓度的铵态氮(4gN·m-2)引起株高和净重的显著增加,而硝态氮和混合态氮处理差异不显著;加氮浓度的进一步提高,引起株高和净重的减低,硝态氮处理的减低幅度最大,铵态氮的降低幅度最小。三种氮源处理均引起叶绿素含量先上升后下降,但同一水平铵态氮处理的叶绿素含量要高于其它两种氮处理,而且引起叶绿素含量下降的处理浓度要高于其它两种氮源;三种氮源均引起SOD活性显著增加、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量先升后降,但不同氮源间生理指标的变化不同步。这说明桧叶白发藓对硝态氮胁迫的响应比铵态氮敏感,硝态氮的增加对桧叶白发藓造成严重危害,而少量的铵态氮(4gN·m-2)则能促进桧叶白发藓的生长。研究结果可作为桧叶白发藓繁殖与生产的氮源。  相似文献   

7.
雷睿  邹佳城  杜杰  文庄海  罗治  雷泞菲 《广西植物》2023,43(9):1578-1587
为探讨氮沉降对九寨沟藓类植物的影响,该研究以当地优势藓类植物锦丝藓(Actinothuidium hookeri)和塔藓(Hylocomium splendens)为对象,以NH4 NO3为氮源,设置对照(0 kg N.hm-2.a-1)、低浓度(20kgN.hm-2.a-1)、高浓度(50 kg N.hm-2.a-1)3 种处理,开展为期 6 个月的氮沉降模拟实验.结果表明:(1)氮沉降处理导致两种藓类植物的活性氧、丙二醛、叶绿素、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,同时锦丝藓过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性增加.(2)对于生长旺期和生长末期的塔藓,氮沉降导致其过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性降低.(3)锦丝藓的综合隶属函数值随氮沉降浓度增大而增加,在生长旺期和生长末期,塔藓综合隶属函数值对氮沉降的响应存在差异.综上认为,两种藓类植物对氮沉降处理的生理响应存在差异,高浓度氮沉降能促进锦丝藓生长,塔藓在自然氮沉降条件下能正常生长且能承受一定程度的氮沉降,但当氮沉降过高时则会对其造成伤害,新陈代谢下降,生长受到抑制,长时期的氮沉降可能导致未来九寨沟藓类植物群落发生改变.  相似文献   

8.
土壤酶是土壤组分中最活跃的有机成分之一, 酶活性的高低直接影响到物质循环的速率。日益增强的氮沉降将对生态系统产生深远影响, 但其对毛竹林土壤酶活性的影响尚未见报道。通过模拟氮沉降方法, 研究了集约经营和粗放经营毛竹林土壤酶(蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶)活性对4 种水平的模拟氮沉降(低氮30 kg⋅ha–1⋅a–1、中氮60 kg ⋅ha–1⋅a–1、高氮90 kg ⋅ha–1⋅a–1 和对照)的初期响应。结果表明: 模拟氮沉降显著抑制了两种经营方式下毛竹林土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性; 显著增加了粗放经营毛竹林地的纤维素酶活性。经营方式及其与氮沉降的交互作用也显著影响了这4 种酶活性。研究结果对于全面认识氮沉降对森林生态系统的生物学效应提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

9.
土壤微生物数量对模拟氮沉降增加的早期响应   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
薛璟花  莫江明  李炯  李德军   《广西植物》2007,27(2):174-179,202
通过以南亚热带森林三种主要树种即荷木、锥栗和黄果厚壳桂为主的苗圃试验地的苗圃控制实验,初步探讨土壤微生物数量对模拟氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明,施氮增加对土壤微生物数量的影响根据类群和氮处理水平不同而异。总的来说,施氮增加对土壤微生物数量具有促进作用,这种促进作用对放线菌数量仅在一定(中氮)处理水平以下,超过此水平施氮增加则表现为抑制作用,而施氮对真菌数量则始终表现为抑制作用,尤其以中N处理水平的抑制作用最强。但目前细菌仍占微生物总量的绝对优势,放线菌次之,真菌则占微生物总量的比例最小。分析结果还表明,有效氮与放线菌、有效氮与细菌数量变化呈显著相关关系。  相似文献   

10.
西北黄芪和山野豌豆对低温胁迫的生理响应研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以两种野生豆科牧草(西北黄芪和山野豌豆)为试验材料,研究其对低温胁迫的生理响应。结果表明:在低温胁迫下,西北黄芪和山野豌豆的相对电导率、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量均表现出上升的趋势,且随着低温胁迫程度的加剧而加深;就相对电导率、可溶性糖含量两项生理指标而言,西北黄芪5℃增幅显著小于山野豌豆,而-5℃对5℃增幅显著大于山野豌豆;就脯氨酸含量而言,西北黄芪5℃增幅大于山野豌豆,而-5℃对5℃增幅显著小于山野豌豆;就SOD活性而言,西北黄芪5℃增幅大于山野豌豆,而-5℃对5℃增幅显著大于山野豌豆。综合分析,认为西北黄芪比山野豌豆具更强的抗低温能力,同时说明,两种牧草对低温胁迫的生理响应规律不同,相对电导率和可溶性糖含量两项生理指标对低温的响应更加敏感。  相似文献   

11.
Bryophytes achieve substantial biomass and play several key functional roles in boreal forests that can influence how carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling respond to atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr). They associate with cyanobacteria that fix atmospheric N2, and downregulation of this process may offset anthropogenic Nr inputs to boreal systems. Bryophytes also promote soil C accumulation by thermally insulating soils, and changes in their biomass influence soil C dynamics. Using a unique large-scale (0.1 ha forested plots), long-term experiment (16 years) in northern Sweden where we simulated anthropogenic Nr deposition, we measured the biomass and N2-fixation response of two bryophyte species, the feather mosses Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi. Our data show that the biomass declined for both species; however, N2-fixation rates per unit mass and per unit area declined only for H. splendens. The low and high treatments resulted in a 29% and 54% reduction in total feather moss biomass, and a 58% and 97% reduction in total N2-fixation rate per unit area, respectively. These results help to quantify the sensitivity of feather moss biomass and N2 fixation to chronic Nr deposition, which is relevant for modelling ecosystem C and N balances in boreal ecosystems.  相似文献   

12.
低温和氧化应激产生活酵母细胞衍生物的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对低温和H2O2应激条件下产生活性酵母细胞衍生物(Live Yeast Cell Derivative,简称LYCD)进行了研究。结果表明:低温预处理能够增加细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低MDA含量。低温预处理可以诱导对致死浓度H2O2的抗性。通过0—15℃低温和0.2mmol/L H2O2处理酵母细胞后,提取LYCD并添加到酵母细胞培养液中,发现细胞在致死浓度H2O2作用下的存活率明显提高,说明0—15℃低温和H2O2刺激酵母细胞形成的LYCD对细胞具有抗氧化作用。  相似文献   

13.
    
We developed and evaluated a model of the canopy of a tropical montane forest at Monteverde, Costa Rica, to estimate inorganic nitrogen (N) retention by epiphytes from atmospheric deposition. We first estimated net retention of inorganic N by samples of epiphytic bryophytes, epiphyte assemblages, vascular epiphyte foliage, and host tree foliage that we exposed to cloud water and precipitation solutions. Results were then scaled up to the ecosystem level using a multilayered model of the canopy derived from measurements of forest structure and epiphyte mass. The model was driven with hourly meteorological and event‐based atmospheric deposition data, and model predictions were evaluated against measurements of throughfall collected at the site. Model predictions were similar to field measurements for both event‐based and annual hydrologic and inorganic N fluxes in throughfall. Simulation of individual events indicated that epiphytic bryophytes and epiphyte assemblages retained 33–67 percent of the inorganic N deposited in cloud water and precipitation. On an annual basis, the model predicted that epiphytic components retained 3.4 kg N ha/yr, equivalent to 50 percent of the inorganic N in atmospheric deposition (6.8 kg N ha/yr). Our results indicate that epiphytic bryophytes play a major role in N retention and cycling in this canopy by transforming highly mobile inorganic N (ca. 50% of atmospheric deposition is NO?3) to less mobile (exchangeable NH+4) and recalcitrant forms in biomass and remaining litter and humus.  相似文献   

14.
Manganese oxyhydroxides have been found deposited on the surface of the lichen Catillaria chalybeia on an altered rhodochrosite. It is suggested that the Mn was mobilised from the ore surface via surface-weathering and redeposited in the thallus. The lichen Acarospora smaragdula also grew upon the ore but showed no sign of Mn deposition. Nine further lichens and two bryophytes were also found on the ore.  相似文献   

15.
土地盐碱化和过度放牧是制约松嫩平原畜牧业发展的两大因素,羊草是松嫩平原上的优势种,被认为具有较强的耐牧及耐盐碱能力.本文通过田间原位试验,以叶面涂抹标记15N-尿素的方法,研究了不同盐碱条件下刈割干扰对羊草的氮素分配策略及补偿生长的影响.结果表明: 总体上叶面新吸收的氮60%以上保留在地上部分.与不施盐碱无刈割处理的对照相比,单纯的盐碱胁迫使新吸收的氮在细根中的分配率显著增加了5.1%;而盐碱胁迫下,中度刈割使叶面新吸收的氮在地上部分的分配率增加了11.6%,地上及总生物量发生超补偿生长,但是重度刈割使叶面新吸收的氮在茎基部的分配率显著增加了9.5%,地上、细根及总生物量均表现为欠补偿生长.上述结果表明盐碱胁迫下,中度刈割干扰时羊草采取积极的再生策略,促进其超补偿生长,但在重度刈割时羊草会采取增加氮素在茎基部存储的相对保守的氮素分配和生长策略.  相似文献   

16.
Productivity in boreal ecosystems is primarily limited by available soil nitrogen (N), and there is substantial interest in understanding whether deposition of anthropogenically derived reactive nitrogen (Nr) results in greater N availability to woody vegetation, which could result in greater carbon (C) sequestration. One factor that may limit the acquisition of Nr by woody plants is the presence of bryophytes, which are a significant C and N pool, and a location where associative cyanobacterial N‐fixation occurs. Using a replicated stand‐scale N‐addition experiment (five levels: 0, 3, 6, 12, and 50 kg N ha?1 yr?1; n=6) in the boreal zone of northern Sweden, we tested the hypothesis that sequestration of Nr into bryophyte tissues, and downregulation of N‐fixation would attenuate Nr inputs, and thereby limit anthropogenic Nr acquisition by woody plants. Our data showed that N‐fixation per unit moss mass and per unit area sharply decreased with increasing N addition. Additionally, the tissue N concentrations of Pleuorzium schreberi increased and its biomass decreased with increasing N addition. This response to increasing N addition caused the P. schreberi N pool to be stable at all but the highest N addition rate, where it significantly decreased. The combined effects of changed N‐fixation and P. schreberi biomass N accounted for 56.7% of cumulative Nr additions at the lowest Nr addition rate, but only a minor fraction for all other treatments. This ‘bryophyte effect’ can in part explain why soil inorganic N availability and acquisition by woody plants (indicated by their δ15N signatures) remained unchanged up to N addition rates of 12 kg ha?1 yr?1 or greater. Finally, we demonstrate that approximately 71.8% of the boreal forest experiences Nr deposition rates at or below 3 kg ha?1 yr?1, suggesting that bryophytes likely limit woody plant acquisition of ambient anthropogenic Nr inputs throughout a majority of the boreal forest.  相似文献   

17.
    
Atmospheric pollution containing soil-nitrifying ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) affects semi-natural ecosystems worldwide. Long-term additions of (NH₄)₂SO₄ to nitrogen (N)-limited habitats, including heathlands, increase climate stress affecting recovery from wildfires. Although heathland vegetation largely depends on ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ErM) to access soil N, we lack detailed understanding of how prolonged exposure to (NH₄)₂SO₄ may alter ErM community composition and host plants' reliance on fungal partners following wildfire and affect recovery. Simulation of atmospheric pollution ((NH₄)₂SO₄) occurred bi-weekly for 5 years after a 2006 wildfire in a UK heathland. Ten years after treatments ceased, we measured vegetation structure, lichen and lichen photobiont composition, soil characteristics, ErM colonization, ErM diversity in roots and soil, and assessed ErM potential as novel recovery indicators. Heather height and density, and moss groundcover, were greater in N-enriched plots. Lichen community indices showed significant treatment effects, but without differences in photobionts. Soil pH and Mg were significantly lower in treated plots while soil cation exchange capacity was significantly higher. There were no detectable differences in ErM composition and keystone ErM taxa between control and treated plots. Soil carbon stock measures were variable. Our results indicate atmospheric pollution following fire can have significant lingering effects above- and belowground. ErM diversity and root colonization were not assessed in the original N-addition experiment; we advocate for their inclusion in future studies as an integral part of the recovery assessment toolkit. We show that mycorrhizal fungi diversity is a viable ecological tool and summarize key steps for ErM identification.  相似文献   

18.
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