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1.
以中国科学院海北高寒草甸试验站地区的美丽风毛菊(Saussurea superba)为材料, 通过短期滤除自然光谱中紫外线B (UV-B)辐射成分的途径, 研究了UV-B辐射对叶片光系统II (PSII)光化学效率的影响。不同天气的归纳分析表明, 随可见光辐射的降低, 暗适应3 min的PSII最大光化学量子效率(F(v)/F(m))显著升高; 与此同时PSII实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)也显著升高, 非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)则显著降低。滤除UV-B辐射后, 3种典型天气类型下的F(v)/F(m)均略有升高趋势; 且ΦPSII和qP增加, 而NPQ略有降低趋势。量子效率的相对限制(L(PFD))和PSII反应中心开放程度(qL)的进一步分析表明, UV-B辐射能显著影响辅酶A还原状态, 对高山植物美丽风毛菊的光合机构具有负影响。综上可知, 自然光中的可见光辐射是影响PSII激发能捕获效率的重要因素, PSII反应中心的光化学效率和非光化学能量耗散主要受光和有效辐射的影响; 滤除UV-B成分能减缓PSII反应中心的光抑制程度。 相似文献
2.
在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统实验站的综合观测场, 于植物生长季的不同月份进行短期增补UV-B辐射的模拟试验, 研究了高山植物美丽风毛菊(Saussurea superba)的PSII光化学效率、光合色素和UV-B吸收物质对增强UV-B辐射的响应。结果表明, 尽管差异不显著, 暗适应3 min的PSII最大光化学量子效率在不同月份均有降低的趋势, 说明增强UV-B辐射能加剧光合机构的光抑制。不同月份短期增补UV-B辐射均引起光下PSII实际光化学量子效率和光化学猝灭系数的降低, 以及非光化学猝灭系数的增高, 表明增强UV-B辐射能降低叶片的光能捕获效率, 促进非光化学能量耗散过程。增补UV-B辐射后, 叶片光合色素的含量略有降低趋势, 可能与短时间内光合色素形成过程受抑制和光氧化程度的加剧, 以及叶片厚度的略微降低有关。UV-B吸收物质的含量在不同月份没有一致和较为显著的变化, 说明高原强UV-B环境下生存的美丽风毛菊叶表皮层中由类黄酮和衍生多酚类组成的内部紫外屏蔽物质相对稳定, 倾向于较少受增补UV-B辐射的影响。 相似文献
3.
以青藏高原矮嵩草草甸的主要伴随种美丽风毛菊为材料,通过滤除太阳辐射光谱中UV-B成分的模拟试验,研究了强太阳UV-B辐射对高山植物光合作用、光合色素和紫外吸收物质的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,弱UV-B处理能促使美丽风毛菊叶片净光合速率增加和提高稳态PSⅡ光化学效率;对照中叶片厚度的相对增加能弥补单位叶面积光合色素的光氧化损失,是高山植物对强UV B辐射的一种适应方式.短期滤除UV-B辐射处理时紫外吸收物质含量几乎没有变化,说明高山植物叶表皮层中该类物质受环境波动的影响较小.强UV-B环境下光合色素的相对增加是一种表象,而青藏高原强太阳UV-B辐射对高山植物美丽风毛菊的光合生理过程仍具有潜在的负影响. 相似文献
4.
通过短期增补UV-B辐射模拟试验,研究了青藏高原典型天气(晴天、多云、阴天)下高山植物美丽风毛菊叶片的叶绿素荧光参数变化.结果表明:随天气由晴变阴,美丽风毛菊叶片暗适应3 min的PSⅡ最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)显著升高,实际PSⅡ光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qp)也升高,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)则降低,可见光辐射(PAR)是影响PSⅡ光能转化效率的主要因素.增补UV-B辐射后,3种典型天气下,美丽风毛菊叶片的Fv/Fm和NPQ略有降低,ФPSⅡ和qp略微增加,但对光合气体交换过程没有产生负影响.叶片净光合速率Pn和ФPSⅡ的增高趋势与增补UV-B辐射下相对较多的UV-A成分有关,同时也得益于叶片厚度的增加.UV-B辐射对叶片光合机构具有潜在负影响. 相似文献
5.
通过短期增补UV-B辐射模拟试验,研究了青藏高原典型天气(晴天、多云、阴天)下高山植物美丽风毛菊叶片的叶绿素荧光参数变化.结果表明: 随天气由晴变阴,美丽风毛菊叶片暗适应3 min的PSⅡ最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)显著升高,实际PSⅡ光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)也升高,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)则降低,可见光辐射(PAR)是影响PSⅡ光能转化效率的主要因素.增补UV-B辐射后,3种典型天气下,美丽风毛菊叶片的Fv/Fm和NPQ略有降低,ΦPSⅡ和qP略微增加,但对光合气体交换过程没有产生负影响.叶片净光合速率Pn和ΦPSⅡ的增高趋势与增补UV-B辐射下相对较多的UV-A成分有关,同时也得益于叶片厚度的增加. UV-B辐射对叶片光合机构具有潜在负影响. 相似文献
6.
对温室栽培的油桃中油5号(Prunus persica var. nectarina cv.‘Zhongyou5’)适量补充UV-B,分析其对桃叶片光合功能及叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明,UV-B处理下各色素含量均有不同程度的增加,其中叶绿素b的含量和净光合速率(Pn)提升幅度较大。相较于未补充UV-B的桃树(对照), UV-B处理的Fv/Fm无显著变化, Fv’/Fm’比值、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)以及PSII实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)均有显著或极显著升高。透射电镜结果显示,UV-B处理下叶绿体基质片层空隙小,堆叠紧密,叶绿体外膜边缘清晰。可见,温室内适量补充UV-B可快速改善叶片叶绿体的超微结构,提升叶绿素分子捕获光能及向PSII传递的能力,增大PSII反应中心的开放程度,提高实际光能转化效率和PSII电子传递量子效率,提高叶片的光合功能。该研究为设施果树光合性能改善和UV-B合理利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
7.
以"丹麦旺盛菠菜"为材料,通过UV-B和CaCl2复合处理,测定光合色素含量、Hill反应活力、叶绿素荧光、MDA含量和抗氧化酶活性等参数,探讨了CaCl2对UV-B辐射下菠菜叶片电子传递链和光合膜酶保护系统的影响。结果表明,UV-B处理下,光合色素含量、chl/car、类囊体膜上PSII潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN)、PSII光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),以及Hill反应活力等降低,chla/chlb和MDA含量升高;喷洒CaCl2可不同程度缓解UV-B的伤害。不同处理下,POD、SOD和CAT活性的变化呈现补偿效应。UV-B强度与菠菜叶片PSII功能受损程度呈正相关,CaCl2则主要通过提高chlb含量、类囊体膜上的光量子产量和POD活性,以缓解伤害。重度UV-B辐射下,CaCl2使chlb含量显著提高可能是导致PSII捕光效率提高的重要因素。 相似文献
8.
夜间低温导致海桐和榕树叶片光系统II(PSII)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSII)、天线转化效率(Fv'/Fm')、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)降低,其后日间光照先引起海桐叶片Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、Fv'/Fm'稍微降低,其后又逐渐得到恢复,但NPQ却表现出相反趋势;夜间低温及随后的日间光照并未对海桐叶片光化学猝灭系数(qP)和初始荧光强度(Fo)产生影响。夜间低温后日间光照进一步引起榕树叶片Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、Fv'/Fm'、qP、NPQ下降,在午后光照减弱后仍不能得到恢复。 相似文献
9.
增强UV-B辐射对柚树苗生长和生理特性效应研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
增强的UV-B辐射明显降低柚树苗的株高,叶面积,比叶面积,增加叶片厚度和叶肉密度.柚树苗叶片叶绿素,可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性降低,可溶性糖含量上升.不同品种柚苗对UV-B辐射反应存在差异,酸柚抗性较强.经UV-B增强处理后,叶片Pn值下降,Rd先上升后恢复原有水平.Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ,qP均有不同程度的降低,而qN和KD升高,表明增强UV-B导致PSⅡ失活,PSⅡ原初光化学效率、开放PSⅡ中心数目和非环式电子传递效率下降.部分激发能通过非光化学荧光猝灭形式耗散.UV-B辐射使叶片膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量大幅度上升.SOD和APX活性在处理初期提高,随后下降,初步推测:增强UV-B辐射诱导膜脂过氧化作用,攻击光合作用中心靶点并导致PSⅡ失活,进而降低植物光合能力和物质代谢强度,最终导致柚树苗生长受到抑制. 相似文献
10.
氯化胆碱对低温弱光下黄瓜幼苗叶片细胞膜和光合机构的保护作用 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
1.07mmol/L氯化胆碱处理降低了低温弱光(6℃.PFD100μmol m^-2s^-1)下黄瓜幼苗叶片膜脂组分中主要是磷脂酰甘油(PG)的饱和脂肪酸含量,增加了膜脂不饱和度:减缓了膜透性的下降、MDA的产生速率、叶绿素的降解及PSII最大量子效率(Fv/Fm)、捕光效率(Fv'/Fm')、光化学猝灭系数(qp)、实际光化学效率(ФPSII)和抗氧化酶POD、APX及CAT活性的下降;提高了非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)和脯氨酸的含量。以上结果表明氯化胆碱处理保护了低温弱光对黄瓜叶片细胞膜和光合机构的伤害。 相似文献
11.
Winter wheat is a grass species widely planted in northern and central China, where the increase of aerosols, air pollutants
and population density are causing significant reduction in solar irradiance. In order to investigate the adaptation of winter
wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Yangmai 13) to low irradiance conditions occurring in the downstream plain of the Yangtze River (China), plants were
subjected to four solar irradiance treatments (100%, 60%, 40%, and 20% of environmental incident solar irradiance). Significant
increases in chlorophyll (Chl) and xanthophyll (Xan) pigments, and decreases in Chl a/b and Xan/Chl ratios were observed in plants under low light. Light-response curves showed higher net photosynthetic rates
(P
N) in fully irradiated plants, that also showed a higher light-compensation point. Shaded plants maintained high values of
minimal fluorescence of dark-adapted state (Fo) and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) that assess a lower degree of photoinhibition under low light. Reduced irradiance caused decreases in effective quantum
yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), and nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (qN), and the promotion of excitation pressure of PSII (1 − qP). The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were high under reduced light whereas no
light-dependent changes in catalase activity were observed. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species content and electrolyte leakage
decreased under shaded plants that showed a lower photooxidative damage. The results suggest that winter wheat cv. Yangmai
13 is able to maintain a high photosynthetic efficiency under reduced solar irradiance and acclimates well to shading tolerance.
The photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of winter wheat to low light levels could be important for winter wheat cultivation
and productivity. 相似文献
12.
Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on the potential efficiency of photosystem II in leaves of tropical plants 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
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The effects of solar ultraviolet (UV)-B and UV-A radiation on the potential efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in leaves of tropical plants were investigated in Panama (9°N). Shade-grown tree seedlings or detached sun leaves from the outer crown of mature trees were exposed for short periods (up to 75 min) to direct sunlight filtered through plastic or glass filters that absorbed either UV-B or UV-A+B radiation, or transmitted the complete solar spectrum. Persistent changes in potential PSII efficiency were monitored by means of the dark-adapted ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence. In leaves of shade-grown tree seedlings, exposure to the complete solar spectrum resulted in a strong decrease in potential PSII efficiency, probably involving protein damage. A substantially smaller decline in the dark-adapted ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence was observed when UV-B irradiation was excluded. The loss in PSII efficiency was further reduced by excluding both UV-B and UV-A light. The photoinactivation of PSII was reversible under shade conditions, but restoration of nearly full activity required at least 10 d. Repeated exposure to direct sunlight induced an increase in the pool size of xanthophyll cycle pigments and in the content of UV-absorbing vacuolar compounds. In sun leaves of mature trees, which contained high levels of UV-absorbing compounds, effects of UV-B on PSII efficiency were observed in several cases and varied with developmental age and acclimation state of the leaves. The results show that natural UV-B and UV-A radiation in the tropics may significantly contribute to photoinhibition of PSII during sun exposure in situ, particularly in shade leaves exposed to full sunlight. 相似文献
13.
Xiao Liu Hong Chi Ming Yue Xiaofei Zhang Wenjuan Li Enping Jia 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2012,31(3):436-447
Enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280?C320?nm) is recognized as one of the environmental stress factors that cannot be neglected. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important signaling molecule in a plant??s defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. To determine the role of exogenous JA in the resistance of wheat to stress from UV-B radiation, wheat seedlings were exposed to 0.9?kJ?m?2?h?1 UV-B radiation for 12?h after pretreatment with 1 and 2.5?mM JA, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the content of UV-B absorbing compounds, photosynthetic pigments, and proline and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. The results of two-way ANOVA illustrated that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), MDA level, anthocyanin and carotenoid (Car) content, and almost all chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly affected by UV-B, JA, and UV-B?×?JA (P?<?0.05) [the maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (F v/F m) was not affected significantly by UV-B radiation]. Duncan??s multiple-range tests demonstrated that UV-B stress induced a significant reduction in plant photosystem II (PSII) function and SOD activity and an increased level of membrane lipid peroxidation, indicative of the deleterious effect of UV-B radiation on wheat. JA pretreatment obviously mitigated the detrimental effect of UV-B on PSII function by increasing F v/F m, reaction centers?? excitation energy capture efficiency (F v??/F m??), effective photosystem II quantum yield (??PSII), and photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), and by decreasing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of wheat seedlings. Moreover, the activity of SOD and the content of proline and anthocyanin were provoked by exogenous JA. However, the MDA level was increased and Car content was decreased by exogenous JA with or without the presence of supplementary UV-B, whereas the contents of chlorophyll and flavonoids and related phenolics were not affected by exogenous JA. Meanwhile, exogenous JA resulted in a decrease of CAT and POD activities under UV-B radiation stress. These results partly confirm the hypothesis that exogenous JA could counteract the negative effects of UV-B stress on wheat seedlings to some extent. 相似文献
14.
Epipelic diatoms are important components of microphytobenthic biofilms. Cultures of four diatom species (Amphora coffeaeformis, Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula perminuta and Nitzschia epithemioides) and assemblages of mixed diatom species collected from an estuary were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Short exposures to UV-B resulted in decreases in photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, photosynthetic electron transport, photosynthetic carbon assimilation and changes in the pattern of allocation of assimilated carbon into soluble colloidal, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and glucan pools. The magnitude of the effects of the UV-B treatments varied between species and was also dependent upon the photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD) to which the cells were also exposed, with effects being greater at lower light levels. Both increases in nonphotochemical quenching of excitation energy in the pigment antennae and photodamage to the D1 reaction centres contributed to decreases in PSII photochemistry. All species demonstrated a rapid ability to recover from perturbations of PSII photochemistry, with some species recovering during the UV-B exposure period. Some of the perturbations induced in carbon metabolism were independent of effects on PSII photochemistry and photosynthetic electron transport. Elevated UV-B can significantly inhibit photosynthetic performance, and modify carbon metabolism in epipelic diatoms. However, the ecological effects of UV-B at the community level are difficult to predict as large variations occur between species. 相似文献
15.
Different pigments often occur together and affect photosynthetic characteristics of the respective leaf portions. In this study, photosynthetic activity in variegated leaves of five cultivars of the ornamental and medicinal plant, Coleus × hybridus hort., was estimated by image analysis and point data measurements of major chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters and related to the amount of photosynthetic pigments measured with a Chl meter or spectrophotometrically in leaf extracts. Significant differences in Chl and carotenoid (Car) contents were noticed among differentially pigmented sectors of a leaf and among the cultivars. Although the higher Chl concentration was noticed in purple parts compared to green parts of the leaves, the values of minimal and maximal fluorescence yield at the dark- and light-adapted state (F0, Fm, F0', Fm', respectively) were a little lower than those in the green sectors, indicating photoprotective effects provided by anthocyanins and Car, more abundant in the red parts. The lowest Chl and Car content was detected in creamy-yellow and pink sectors and this contributed to low F0, Fm, and Fm', maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, and nonphotochemical and photochemical quenching but high PSII maximum efficiency and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. Both methods of Chl fluorescence analysis revealed heterogeneity in capture, transfer, and dissipation of excitation energy but Chl fluorescence imaging was more suitable in examining very narrow pigmented leaf areas. 相似文献
16.
In this study, the effects of lanthanum were investigated on contents of pigments, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, antioxidative enzymes, and biomass of maize seedlings under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly decreased the contents of Chl and carotenoids, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), and quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), net photosynthetic rate (PN), and biomass. Salt stress increased nonphotochemical quenching (qN), the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide compared with control. Pretreatment with lanthanum prior to salt stress significantly enhanced the contents of Chl and carotenoids, Fv/Fm, qP, qN, ΦPSII, PN, biomass, and activities of the above antioxidant enzymes compared with the salt-stressed plants. Pretreatment with lanthanum also significantly reduced the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide induced by salt stress. Our results suggested that lanthanum can improve salt tolerance of maize seedlings by enhancing the function of photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant capacity. 相似文献
17.
The Role of Flavonol Glycosides and Carotenoids in Protecting Soybean from Ultraviolet-B Damage 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:19
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The increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 0.290-0.320 [mu]m) radiation received by plants due to stratospheric ozone depletion heightens the importance of understanding UV-B tolerance. Photosynthetic tissue is believed to be protected from UV-B radiation by UV-B-absorbing compounds (e.g. flavonoids). Although synthesis of flavonoids is induced by UV-B radiation, its protective role on photosynthetic pigments has not been clearly demonstrated. This results in part from the design of UV-B experiments in which experimental UV-A irradiance has not been carefully controlled, since blue/UV-A radiation is involved in the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic pigments. The relationship of flavonoids to photosynthetic performance, photosynthetic pigments, and growth measures was examined in an experiment where UV-A control groups were included at two biologically effective daily UV-B irradiances, 14.1 and 10.7 kJ m-2. Normal, chlorophyll-deficient, and flavonoid-deficient pigment isolines of two soybean (Glycine max) cultivars that produced different flavonol glycosides (Harosoy produced kaempferol, Clark produced quercetin and kaempferol) were examined. Plants with higher levels of total flavonoids, not specific flavonol glycosides, were more UV-B tolerant as determined by growth, pigment, and gas-exchange variables. Regression analyses indicated no direct relationship between photosynthesis and leaf levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds. UV-B radiation increased photosynthetic pigment content, along with UV-B-absorbing compounds, but only the former (especially carotenoids) was related to total biomass (r2 = 0.61, linear) and to photosynthetic efficiency (negative, exponential relationship, r2 = 0.82). A reduction in photosynthesis was associated primarily with a stomatal limitation rather than photosystem II damage. This study suggests that both carotenoids and flavonoids may be involved in plant UV-B photoprotection, but only carotenoids are directly linked to photoprotection of photosynthetic function. These results additionally show the importance of UV-A control in UV-B experiments conducted using artificial lamps and filters. 相似文献