首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Distributions of herptile faunas were delimited on a 1:20 000 000 World Phytogeographic Map of Northern Eurasia divided into 245 10-degree longitudinal segments of the native subzone within the former USSR borders (1990). All herptile species recorded in every segment were listed, the Jaccard indices were calculated, and the similarity matrix was studied with cluster analysis. A hierarchic classification was made, composed of 3 herpetofaunistic regions divided into 5 subzones, some of the subzones subdivided into 13 biologic provinces, with some of the provinces broken down into 32 districts. Environmental factors correlating with faunistic nonuniformity were revealed. This division is 2 to 4 times more informative than the schemes proposed earlier and explain 73% of variance in the faunal similarity coefficient of specific areas (multiple correlation coefficient 0.85). Environmental factors can explain 84% of faunistic nonuniformity (correlation coefficient 0.92).  相似文献   

2.
For the purpose of zoning on the basis of fauna of terrestrial vertebrates, Northern Eurasia was considered within the boundaries of the Soviet Union in 1991 and divided into 245 mapping units. Mapping units were marked on the World Vegetation Map at a scale of 1: 20000000 in such a way that each mapping unit occupied a territory within the limits of a natural subzone having a latitudinal distance of 10°. A list of the vertebrate species was generated for each unit. Jaccard similarity coefficients were calculated for the lists; the coefficients were used as the basis for performing the cluster analysis of fauna of the mapping units. Based on the results of calculations, a hierarchical classification has been created. This classification includes 5 faunistic regions (regional groups of subregions), 6 subregions, 18 provinces, and 14 districts. Environmental factors that correlate with faunistic heterogeneity in the studied territory were described. The proposed zoning takes into account 57% of the variance of the similarity coefficients of the faunas of specific regions (coefficient of multiple correlation is 0.75). It is 2–2.5 times more informative than the previously developed schemes on particular groups of animals, which reflected, as the researchers thought at that moment, the heterogeneity of fauna of terrestrial vertebrates in general. Association with environmental factors and natural conditions may explain 82% of the heterogeneity of the fauna (correlation coefficient is 0.91). Comparing the results of zoning that were carried out for different classes of terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptilians, birds, and mammals), we found significant similarity between causes of fauna heterogeneity (zonal features, provinciality, heat availability, and their combined effect). Nevertheless, differences in tolerance to the environment among the studied animal classes resulted in the substantial discordance of the boundaries of the described taxa and their hierarchy. This discordance was found during zoning. A classification of 1243 species of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting the territory under study is performed based on the similarity of their occurrence (the average in the lower taxon faunistic zoning) and covers three types of distribution: Northern, Middle and Southern. These in turn are divided into 7 subtypes and 13 classes. The informative presentation of the classification is equal to 53% of the variance (correlation coefficient is 0.73).  相似文献   

3.
For the purpose of zoning on the basis of theriofauna, Northern Eurasia was considered within the boundaries of the Soviet Union in 1991 and was divided into 245 mapping units. Mapping units were marked on the World Vegetation Map at a scale of 1: 2000000. Each mapping unit occupied a territory within the limits of a natural subzone with a latitudinal distance of 10°. A list of mammal species was generated for each unit. Jaccard similarity coefficients were calculated for these lists; the coefficients were used as the basis for performing cluster analysis of theriofauna of the mapping units. The results of calculations were used to create a hierarchical classification, which includes three theriofauna regions divided into seven subregions. They were classified as island or mainland. All the subregions (except one) were delimited into 18 provinces and 17 districts; one of the districts was delimited into four subdistricts. Environmental factors that correlate with heterogeneity of theriofauna within the studied territory were described. The proposed zoning is 1.9–3 times more informative than previously developed schemes and takes into account 69% of the variance of the similarity coefficients of the faunas of specific regions (coefficient of multiple correlation is 0.83). The association with environmental factors and natural conditions may explain 83% of the heterogeneity of the theriofauna (correlation coefficient is 0.91). Comparing the results of zoning that were carried out for different classes of terrestrial vertebrates, we found significant similarity between causes of fauna heterogeneity (zonal features, remoteness, sun exposure, and their combined effect). In addition, the differences in tolerance to the environment among the studied animal classes resulted in substantial discordance of the boundaries of the described taxa and their hierarchy. This discordance was found during zoning. Because of this, general conclusions concerning the heterogeneity of the fauna of terrestrial vertebrates can be made only after the total analysis of their fauna is completed.  相似文献   

4.
A biogeographical division of northern Eurasia (within the USSR borders as of 1991) based on cluster analysis of the cyclostome and fish fauna composition at 597 sites listed in the Biodat database has been performed. The classification based on the Jaccard similarity coefficients included two regions, 12 subregions, eight provinces, and 11 districts. The division performed explained 67% of the variance of the similarity coefficients, this being 21% higher than the respective value for an earlier scheme (Berg, 1962) that covered a significantly greater territory. Correlation with the climatic regimes and environmental factors identified could explain 82% of fish fauna heterogeneity (the multiple coefficient of correlation was 0.91). The nonorthogonal relations with the temperature regime (67% of the variance of similarity coefficients), landscape and climatic zoning (58%), location within a specific river basin (57%), and provinciality (30%) were the most important factors.  相似文献   

5.
The rithral and hypocrenal (of small rapid streams) macrobenthos faunas of northern Greece, eastern Carpathians, montane Crimea, and northwestern Caucasus are comparatively analyzed based on original material. Peculiarities of the rheophile communities and faunas of each region and of the whole studied area are described. The area is provisionally divided into biogeographic unites based on rithral fauna; this classification is essentially different from those of other authors. The main faunistic border runs meridionally between Greece-Carpathians on one side and Caucasus-Crimea on the other. The present authors believe that the biogeographic variability of macrobenthos rithral faunas results from the position of regions containing rithron communities and from spatial ties between them. Three fundamental biogeographic zones, suggested to be ranked as subregions, are recognized in the West Palearctic: the Balkan-Alpine (West European), the Scandinavian-Ural (North European), and the Caucasian. All the data available fit the suggested scheme, which shows that this approach is of universal value to biogeographic analysis and to divisions of the rithral into biogeographic zones. The local-scale variability of rheophile macrobenthos fauna in the northwestern Caucasus is discussed. Significant faunistic similarity of territories comprising the studied area is shown, internal division into biogeographic zones is conducted, and the lowest scale border of the faunistic diversity of rheophile macrobenthos is established at about 100-150 km.  相似文献   

6.
ABSTRACT Road mortality is often spatially aggregated, and there is a need for models that accurately and efficiently predict hot spots within a road network for mitigation. We surveyed 145 points throughout a 353-km highway network in New York State, USA, for roadkill of reptiles and amphibians. We used land cover, wetland configuration, and traffic volume data to identify features that best predicted hot spots of herpetofauna road mortality. We resampled 40 points an additional 4 times over 4 years to evaluate temporal repeatability. Both amphibian and reptile road mortality were spatially clustered, and road-kill hot spots of the 2 taxa overlapped. One survey provided a valid snapshot of spatial patterns of road mortality, and spatial patterns remained stable across time. Road-kill hot spots were located where wetlands approached within 100 m of the road, and the best predictor was a causeway configuration of wetlands (wetlands on both sides of the road). We validated causeways as predictors of road mortality by surveying 180 causeways and 180 random points across 5 regions (17,823 km2) of northeastern New York. Causeways were 3 times more likely than random locations to have amphibian and 12 times more likely to have reptile mortality present, and causeways had a 4 times higher total number of amphibian roadkill and 9 times higher reptile roadkill than did random points. We conclude it is possible to identify valid predictors of hot spots of amphibian and reptile road mortality for use when planning roads or when conducting surveys on existing roads to locate priority areas for mitigation.  相似文献   

7.
In tropical regions, many studies have focused on how vegetation and ecosystem processes recover following the abandonment of anthropogenic activities, but less attention has been given to the recovery patterns of vertebrates. Here we conduct a meta‐analysis (n = 147 studies) of amphibian, reptile, bird and mammal recovery during tropical secondary forest succession (i.e. natural regeneration). For each taxonomic group, we compared changes in species richness and compositional similarity during natural secondary succession to reference forests (mature or old growth forest). In addition, we evaluated the response of forest specialists and the change in bird and mammal functional groups during natural secondary succession in the tropical moist forest biome. Overall, species richness of all groups reached levels of the reference forests during natural secondary succession, but this was not the case for species compositional similarity. The delay in recovery of forest specialists may be the reason for the delay in recovery of species compositional similarity. Overall, vertebrate recovery increased with successional stage, but other potential predictors of diversity recovery, such as, the geographical setting (amphibian and reptile species compositional similarity recovered more rapidly on islands), rainfall (mammal species richness and compositional similarity recovered faster in regions of low rainfall), and the landscape context (amphibian, reptile and mammal species compositional similarity recovered faster in regions with more forest patches) influenced vertebrate recovery. These results demonstrate the important role of secondary forests in providing habitat for many vertebrates, but the slow recovery of species compositional similarity, forest specialists and some functional groups (e.g. insectivorous birds) highlighted the challenge of secondary forest persistence, and strongly argues for the continued protection of old growth/mature forest as habitat for forest specialists and as sources for secondary forest sites.  相似文献   

8.
The distribution area of Aedes togoi (Theob.) stretches along the coast of the Pacific embracing the Indo-Malayan and Holarctic faunistic provinces. In the Indo-Chinese subregion Ae. togoi penetrates the Indo-Chinese province and in the Malayan subregion into the Soenda province. Northwards this species inhabits the coastal regions of Holarctic, namely, these of Chinese-Korean and Central-Japanese provinces in Chinese-Himalayan subregions. The habitat of Ae. togoi in western Canada is obviously cut off from the principal distribution area of the species and should be regarded as a secondary penetration of the species into a new territory due to casual delivery. In the USSR Ae. togoi is distributed in South Primorje, northwards along the coast to the settlement of Terney, occupies the southern half of Sakhalin and the southern Kuril Islands.  相似文献   

9.
安徽省两栖爬行动物名录修订   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李永民  吴孝兵 《生物多样性》2019,27(9):1002-244
参考两栖爬行动物分类学和分子系统学的最新研究成果, 收集了近年来安徽省两栖爬行类相关的研究资料, 整理成安徽省两栖爬行类物种与分布名录。截止到2018年11月30日, 安徽省共记录两栖动物2目9科26属44种, 其中安徽特有种3种; 爬行动物3目11科48属72种, 其中安徽特有种1种。与《安徽两栖爬行动物志》(1991)相比, 共增加了12种, 删除1个物种, 更改了29个物种的名称。区系分析表明, 东洋界种类91种(78.4%), 古北界种类10种(8.7%), 广布型15种(12.9%)。列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》的有4种, 列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》的有112种。  相似文献   

10.
本研究利用2013至2016年湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区巡护监测数据,评估壶瓶山保护区两栖爬行动物多样性水平。壶瓶山保护区在8个监测站点布设了25条两栖爬行动物调查样线,进行常规监测,其中,日间样线14条,夜间样线11条,日间样线平均长度4 km,夜间样线平均长度0.75 km。每个月,每条样线平均调查3次。4年共调查到62种两栖爬行动物,占湖南省两栖爬行动物总种数的38.04%。逐月计算各监测站点的alpha多样性指数和整个保护区的beta多样性指数,按季节比较不同站点间物种组成的Hellinger距离。结果显示,保护区不同位置间、不同的监测站点间以及年际间的两栖爬行动物多样性没有显著差异,提示保护区环境具有相对稳定性。但是,个别位于实验区或邻近实验区的站点,物种组成有着剧烈的波动,表明人为活动影响了两栖爬行动物的分布。另外,保护区两栖爬行动物的物种组成与多样性有着显著的季节差异,这与两栖爬行动物的生物学特性有关。以上结果说明,壶瓶山保护区两栖爬行动物的多样性结构具有稳定性和敏感性的特点,可以考虑用作保护区生物多样性水平的监测指标。  相似文献   

11.
江西齐云山自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查与区系分析   总被引:12,自引:6,他引:6  
为掌握江西齐云山自然保护区野生动物资源现状,促进自然保护区的有效管理和建设,作者于2007年1月10~19日、5月16~24日、7月26日~8月8日,前后3次对该保护区两柄爬行动物资源进行了实地考察.调查结果显示,齐云山保护区现已记录72种两栖爬行动物,隶属5目18科.其中两栖纲2目7科24种,爬行纲3目11科48种.齐云山保护区动物地理区划属东洋界华中区东部丘陵平原亚区,其区系组成以60种东洋界种类占明显优势,其余12种均为广布种,无古北界物种分布.大眼斜鳞蛇福建亚种(Pseudoxenodon macrops fukienensis)和寒露林蛙(Rana hanluica)为江西省两栖爬行动物新纪录,福建钝头蛇(Pareas stanleyi)为江西省赣南地区爬行动物新纪录.齐云山保护区是海南棱蜥後(Tropidophorus hainanus)和福建华珊瑚蛇(福建丽纹蛇)(Sinomicrurus kettoggi)在江西省的第二个发现地,是海南闪鳞蛇(Xenopeltis hainanensis)在江西省的第三个采集地.通过平均动物区系相似性分析发现,齐云山地理位置独特,是华中区和华南区物种重要的扩散过渡地域.最后对齐云山保护区的保护与管理工作提出了建议.  相似文献   

12.
安徽岭南自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性及保护   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
1998年7月至2000年10月,对岭南自然保护区进行了两栖爬行动物调查,发现有两栖动物19种(隶属7科9属),爬行动物32种(隶属9科23属),占安徽省两栖爬行动物种数的48.6%,而面积仅为全省的0.021%,被列入中国濒危动物红皮书的有16种之多。区系特点:东洋界成分占76%,东洋界古北界广布种占24%,无古北界成分(未定种一种不算在内)。非法捕捉已使这里的两栖爬行动物生存面临极大的威胁,建议在加大保护的宣传力度和严厉打击不法分子的同时,积极开展资源可持续利用的研究。  相似文献   

13.
Climate warming and the decline of amphibians and reptiles in Europe   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
Aim We explore the relationship between current European distributions of amphibian and reptile species and observed climate, and project species potential distributions into the future. Potential impacts of climate warming are assessed by quantifying the magnitude and direction of modelled distributional shifts for every species. In particular we ask, first, what proportion of amphibian and reptile species are projected to lose and gain suitable climate space in the future? Secondly, do species projections vary according to taxonomic, spatial or environmental properties? And thirdly, what climate factors might be driving projections of loss or gain in suitable environments for species? Location Europe. Methods Distributions of species are modelled with four species–climate envelope techniques (artificial neural networks, generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and classification tree analyses) and distributions are projected into the future using five climate‐change scenarios for 2050. Future projections are made considering two extreme assumptions: species have unlimited dispersal ability and species have no dispersal ability. A novel hybrid approach for combining ensembles of forecasts is then used to group linearly covarying projections into clusters with reduced inter‐model variability. Results We show that a great proportion of amphibian and reptile species are projected to expand distributions if dispersal is unlimited. This is because warming in the cooler northern ranges of species creates new opportunities for colonization. If species are unable to disperse, then most species are projected to lose range. Loss of suitable climate space for species is projected to occur mainly in the south‐west of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula, whilst species in the south‐east are projected to gain suitable climate. This is because dry conditions in the south‐west are projected to increase, approaching the levels found in North Africa, where few amphibian species are able to persist. Main conclusions The impact of increasing temperatures on amphibian and reptile species may be less deleterious than previously postulated; indeed, climate cooling would be more deleterious for the persistence of amphibian and reptile species than warming. The ability of species to cope with climate warming may, however, be offset by projected decreases in the availability of water. This should be particularly true for amphibians. Limited dispersal ability may further increase the vulnerability of amphibians and reptiles to changes in climate.  相似文献   

14.
Belik  V. P. 《Entomological Review》2006,86(1):S15-S31
On the basis of known views on the types of faunas and faunistic complexes regarded as subordinated categories of faunogenetic classification, an integrated typological concept of the Palearctic fauna is proposed. Seven types of avifauna are distinguished: Arctic, Siberian, European, Chinese, Nomadic, and Himalay an types characteristic of the corresponding subregions of the Palearctic and the connecting Euro-Chinese type, each usually including two to three zonal and one or two intrazonal faunistic complexes. Their volume, geographic and ecological connections, and history of formation are considered, and typical representatives are listed. This classification may be applied in zoogeographic research, zoning of the Palearctic, and analysis and typing of the fauna. Methodological aspects of practical applications of the proposed concept are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Relationships between vegetation and climate on the Loess Plateau in China   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The Loess Plateau is one of the most environmentally sensitive regions in China. This study addresses the relationships between vegetation and climate of this area quantitatively at a large-scale, in order to determine the factors that control vegetation distribution. The Loess Plateau, located at 101°01′–155°10′ E and 34°02′–40°40′ N, covers an area of 52 million hectares. Vegetation data were collected from the vegetation map (1:500,000) and the Landsat Thematic Mapper scenes of the Loess Plateau. The Loess Plateau was divided into small districts of 30′ latitude by 30′ longitude on the vegetation map. In each district, areas with different vegetation were measured and used as vegetation data. The climatic data were average values of county meteorological records in each district in the past 25 years. GIS, TWINSPAN and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were employed for analysis. 257 small districts were clustered into 7 groups using TWINSPAN, representing 7 vegetation regions or subregions. The first three CCA axes had significant correlations with climate. The first CCA axis represented the variation of vegetation and climate along the latitude gradient, while the second CCA axis the variation along the longitude gradient. The distribution pattern of 171 vegetation formations on the CCA plot is identical to that of vegetation regions (districts). The spatial distribution of vegetation is closely related to climate variables on the Loess Plateau. Water variables and temperature are important in both latitude and longitude gradients, while the sunshine hours, accumulated temperature and wind speed are more important than water variables and temperature in longitude gradients.  相似文献   

16.
滇西北中甸的两栖爬行动物   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
滇西北中甸地区共有两栖类13种(亚种),隶属于2目5科;爬行动物11种(亚种),隶属于1目2亚目5科。区系成分以东洋界西南区的种类占主导地位,两栖类占84.6%,爬行类占72.7%。区系特点表现为:区系组成单一却特有率高,成分古老又兼具年轻特点,南北动物交汇形成多样化。两栖爬行动物的种群分布与植被类型具有密切的相关性;为适应环境动物形态发生了较多变化。认为中甸地区是动物地理区划中的一关键地区,其两栖爬行类动物的调查及分类研究工作尚需进一步深入。  相似文献   

17.
Correlations between environmental factors and the distribution of amphibian and reptile species richness were investigated in a climate transition area, Peneda-Gerês National Park (PNPG), in North-Western Portugal. Using presence-data at a local-scale (1 × 1 km), Ecological-Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) identified a mixture of climatic (precipitation and number of days with fog), topographical (altitude and relief) and habitat factors (number of watercourses and water surfaces, the type of the largest water surface and tree diversity cover), as accurate predictors of species occurrence. Three factors were common for both taxonomic groups, and consistently presented a positive relation with species occurrence: precipitation, number of water surfaces, and tree diversity cover; suggesting a strong coincidence in the environmental correlates that influence amphibian and reptile species richness. Distribution patterns of observed and predicted species richness were compared using a Geographical Information System. Overall, three high species richness areas were predicted in common for both taxonomic groups and two additional areas for amphibians only. These areas matched with the observed species richness but suggested larger areas of high species richness. The location of the PNPG in a biogeographic crossroad, between Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean provinces, emphasised species richness of amphibians and reptiles and suggests a high priority conservation status for this protected area. Most of Central-Northern Portugal is located in a climatic transition area; therefore, increased species richness should be expected for other areas. Local scale studies for other protected areas should be planned as a framework for the development of multi-scale conservation planning by Portuguese authorities.  相似文献   

18.
1. We assessed the distribution of scaled chrysophytes in fresh waters along 3200 km of the east coast of North America (29° to 48°N) to determine any biogeographic patterns in relation to chemical, physical, climatic and spatial variables. 2. Scaled chrysophytes were identified using scanning electron microscopy and counted from 264 waterbodies in nine regions (20 subregions). Eighteen chemical, physical and climate variables were determined for each waterbody. We used Sorensen’s similarity index and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to evaluate whether the floras differed between regions, subregions, glaciated and non‐glaciated areas, as well as within sets of waterbodies with similar chemical and physical characteristics but situated in different regions. Distance‐based linear modelling (DISTLM) was used to evaluate the relative importance of the chemical, physical and climate factors in explaining the variability in the assemblages of scaled chrysophytes, and the resulting models were visualised using redundancy analysis (RDA). 3. Significant differences in the flora were found between all regions and most subregions, and between glaciated and non‐glaciated areas. Significant differences were also recorded between waterbodies with similar chemical and physical characteristics but situated in different regions. Many species were abundant along specific sections of the latitudinal gradient, but lacking from others. A set of environmental variables explained significant and independent portions of the variation in scaled chrysophytes, with pH and mean minimum July temperature accounting for 20% of the total. 4. The distribution of scaled chrysophytes along the east coast of North America is not homogeneous and there are biogeographic patterns, despite apparent dispersal mechanisms (migratory birds and wind events) that might act to reduce differences between regions. Rather, differences exist even between neighbouring subregions containing sites with statistically similar chemical and physical attributes. Environmental variables clearly play a significant role in determining whether species will inhabit a given site. However, species were not always found in waterbodies likely to support growth, implicating inadequate dispersal, poor transportability or both.  相似文献   

19.
严峰  龚大洁  俞诗源 《四川动物》2006,25(2):336-338
调查表明甘肃有两栖类动物24种,其中有尾目3科3属3种,无尾目6科21种.属于古北界的有5种和亚种,属东洋界的有14种,其余5种为两界兼有种.对引起甘肃省两栖类动物种群衰退、变异和灭绝的主要因素进行了初步分析,提出了若干针对甘肃两栖类动物的保护对策.  相似文献   

20.
Vegetation and environment have been analyzed along an altitudinal gradient in Harena Forest, Bale Mountains National Park, southeastern Ethiopia. Vegetation data include numbers of each tree and shrub species and cover-abundance values of each herbaceous species. Environmental data comprise edaphic factors, altitude and topography. The two vegetation layers data were analysed separately.Probabilistic similarity coefficients were computed between the relevés, and these values were used in subsequent computations for classification and ordination. Two sets of stratocoena, comprising 6 types each, derived on the basis of separate analyses of tree-shrub and herb layers of the forest were recognised. A combination of the two sets of stratocoena produced a total of 11 vegetation types. Environmental fuzzy set analysis was applied to determine the strength of the relationship of the relevés to the environmental factors. Autocorrelation analysis was applied to the eigenvectors of probabilistic similarity matrices and environmental data. Altitude appears to be more important thant the other environmental factors in controlling the zonation of the forest. Other important environmental influences on the vegetation include pH, organic matter content and texture of the soil. It is suggested that the whole forest be included in the National Park to create suitable conditions for adequate protection.Abbreviations EFS Environmental fuzzy sets - PROSIM Probability similarity index - PCA Principal components analysis  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号