添加剂对苏云金杆菌制剂杀虫效果的影响

供试13种化学物质中,12种物质对Bt制剂的杀虫效果有增效作用,各物质的不同质量浓度对杀虫效果影响差异显,在1g/L的剂量以下,多数添加剂的增效作用,随剂量的增加而增强,添加0．5g/L巯基乙醇增效作用最佳,增效倍数达3．61倍,0．5g/L的甲酸和尿素,及0．1g/L碳酸钾具有较好的增效作用,增效倍数分别为2．52,2．32和2．56和2．56倍,0．5g/L的马来酸,氯化钙,乙二胺四乙酸,氯化镁,硼酸,碳酸钠和1g/L的柠檬酸,磷酸氢二钾8种添加剂的增效倍数为0．53－1．88倍。     

微波处理对钙质土壤放线菌分离效果的影响

采用平板稀释法研究了微波处理对钙质土壤放线菌分离效果的影响。结果表明:①微波处理对提高放线菌出菌率有促进作用。在高氏1号培养基(GA)上,4种供试土壤经微波处理后放线菌总数较对照增加99.5%～234.1%,微波处理效应均达到极显著水平(P0.01);链霉菌数较对照增加58.3%～377.7%,除3号土样外,微波处理效应均达到极显著水平(P0.01);未鉴定放线菌较对照增加96.7%～304.8%,处理与对照的差异均达到显著水平(P0.05);②不同培养基上的微波处理效应不同。GA培养基上的微波处理效应(Effect of Microwave Irradiation,EMI)最强,放线菌总数及未鉴定属放线菌的微波处理效应均表现为GAGA-Ca,GA培养基上放线菌总数的EMI较GA-Ca培养基提高26.4%～120.9%;③风干土样的微波处理效应大于湿土样。     

短时高温对绿豆象各虫态生长发育的影响

【目的】为明确短时高温对绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)各虫态及其后虫态生长发育与繁殖能力的影响。【方法】以27℃饲养的绿豆象为对照,在30、33、36、39、42和45℃条件下分别对绿豆象卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫进行3 h的短时高温处理。【结果】短时高温对绿豆象卵的孵化率、幼虫的化蛹率和蛹的羽化率均有显著影响,但对卵和幼虫的后续发育影响不显著;幼虫耐高温的能力最强,经短时高温处理后化蛹率均在90%以上;蛹经45℃短时高温处理后虽表现出较高的羽化率,但羽化后成虫的寿命和产卵量均显著降低。卵期、幼虫期和成虫期绿豆象对短时高温的耐受性均有性别差异,其中,卵期和蛹期雄虫耐热性强于雌虫,成虫期雌虫强于雄虫。短时高温处理对绿豆象成虫的繁殖能力影响显著,经45℃处理后成虫的产卵量为32.30粒/头,显著低于对照。【结论】39℃以上的短时高温对绿豆象处理虫态及雌雄性别比有明显的影响,对其后虫态发育的影响仅见高温处理蛹后导致成虫繁殖能力下降。     

吡虫啉对柿树真绵蚧的杀虫效果

柿树真绵蚧Eupuirinariacitricola（Kuwana)近年来在河北省石家庄市郊一些柿产区发生严重,为探索毗虫咐（Imidadoprid）对它的防治效果,1996年4月,作者在田间进行了杀虫效果试验,并与常用农药氧乐果进行了比较。现将结果报道于后。1材料与方法10％吡虫批乳油由石家庄农药厂提供,40％氧乐果乳油（啄州市9715工厂）购于市面。供试虫种柿树真绵蚧为成虫初期（来于柿园柿树）。试验地选在鹿泉市上寨乡柿园。两种农药的浓度均为推广使用的1000倍稀释液,施药方法为背负式喷雾器喷雾。每处理5次重复,每个样本25～30头虫,防治前调查虫口数…     

桔皮油对大鼠虱、豚鼠螨的杀虫效果观察

通过用桔皮油对大鼠虱，豚鼠螨进行离体和整体杀虫试验，发现其1．0％的浓度对大鼠虱和豚鼠螨有100％的杀灭作用，从动物的生长繁殖情况初步观察，对大鼠和豚鼠无毒副作用。     

微波处理对米糠蛋白结构及功能性的影响北大核心CSCD

本研究对微波处理下米糠蛋白的结构及功能性变化进行研究,结果表明:随着微波强度增大,α-螺旋和β-转角结构含量先降低后增加,无规卷曲结构含量呈相反变化,而β-折叠结构含量总体降低;反式-扭曲-反式和扭曲-扭曲-扭曲模式含量先增大后降低,扭曲-扭曲-反式振动模式含量先减少后增加。微波处理对酪氨酸的分布状态影响较弱,而色氨酸低微波功率处理下呈"暴露态",高微波功率处理下呈"包埋态"。微波处理后米糠蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、起泡性均有所增大,但在高功率呈降低趋势。     

蛋白酶抑制剂对绿豆象幼虫中肠蛋白酶活性的影响

为明确蛋白酶抑制剂对绿豆象幼虫中肠蛋白酶活性的影响,采用室内人工接虫和生化测定的方法,研究了在离体条件和饲喂条件下4种蛋白酶抑制剂对绿豆象幼虫中肠蛋白酶的抑制作用,并测定了绿豆象幼虫取食不同含量的绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(MBTI)的人工绿豆后,其中肠内总蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶活性的变化.结果表明:在离体条件下,供试4种蛋白酶抑制剂对绿豆象幼虫总蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶活性均有明显的抑制作用,且浓度越大,抑制效果越显著,其中以20μg·mL^-1的MBTI对3种酶活性的抑制效果最强,3种酶活性分别比对照降低了62.5%、41.2%和38.7%,而卵粘蛋白抑制剂(OI)抑制效果最弱.绿豆象幼虫取食含不同抑制剂的人工绿豆后,中肠内3种酶活性也均受到一定的抑制作用,取食后随龄期的延长,3种酶活性有所升高但仍显著低于对照,且以MBTI的抑制作用最强.当绿豆象幼虫取食不同含量MBTI的人工绿豆后,随MBTI含量的增加,对总蛋白酶活性和类胰蛋白酶活性的抑制作用均逐渐增强,但对类胰凝乳蛋白酶活性的抑制作用并不显著,只有当MBTI含量达20%时,对类胰凝乳蛋白酶活性才表现出明显的抑制作用.     

一种新杀虫剂对储粮害虫和作物害虫的杀虫效果

测定以植物提取物异硫氰酸酯为主要成分而复配的宏劲杀虫剂对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky)、赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)和谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica(Fabricius)3种重要储粮害虫的熏蒸效果及其对菜青虫Pieris rapae(L.)、红蜘蛛Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)的杀虫效果。结果表明,宏劲杀虫剂48h对玉米象、赤拟谷盗和谷蠹的LC50分别是0.016,0.009和0.009μL/mL,均明显低于常规熏蒸剂磷化铝的要求处理剂量;对菜青虫和红蜘蛛的LC50分别是0.0159和1.3738mg/mL,其防效均优于对照药剂3%阿菊乳油和3%新型水分散性颗粒剂。     

绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂对绿豆象生长发育及体内解毒酶和保护酶活性的影响

【目的】蛋白酶抑制剂是广泛存在于植物体内的一类分子量很小的蛋白质,通过影响昆虫体内酶活性,从而抑制幼虫的生长发育。本研究旨在明确绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(MBTI)对绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis生长发育及体内酶活性的影响。【方法】采用室内人工接虫方法,测定了取食含2.0%MBTI的人工绿豆对绿豆象生长发育的抑制作用;并利用生化方法测定了绿豆象幼虫取食含不同浓度(0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%和2.0%)MBTI的人工绿豆后,其体内解毒酶羧酸酯酶(CarE)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)及保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。【结果】绿豆象幼虫取食含2.0%MBTI的人工绿豆后,幼虫体重和成虫羽化率均显著低于对照(取食感虫绿豆品种磨制的人工绿豆),分别只有对照的72%和55%,幼期发育历期相对延长,为对照的1.083倍,而着卵量和卵孵化率并未受到显著影响;取食MBTI含量不同的人工绿豆对各龄期幼虫体内CarE, GSTs和POD活性均有一定的促进作用,而对各龄期幼虫体内SOD和CAT活性均有一定的抑制作用,抑制作用和...     

绿豆象气味结合蛋白基因的克隆及表达分析

[目的]对绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis气味结合蛋白(odorant binding proteins,OBPs)基因进行克隆、鉴定和组织表达分析,为研究OBPs在绿豆象嗅觉感受过程中的功能奠定基础.[方法]基于绿豆象触角转录组数据,通过RT-PCR克隆绿豆象6个OBP基因并进行生物信息学分析;...     

Insecticidal and biological efficacy of two vegetable oils against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under laboratory conditions

Bioefficacy of two vegetable oils, namely ethyl oleate and Acorus calamus, were conducted against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) under a constant temperature of 29 ± 1 °C and a relative humidity of 65 ± 5% R.H. Four concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0%) of each oil were used against the adult and tested their latent effect on the immature stages of the beetle. The results obtained show insecticidal effect of both ethyl oleate and A. calamus oil; however, A. calamus oil proved to be more toxic to the adults at all the concentrations tested in comparison to the ethyl oleate oil. As the concentration of the oils decreased, the percentage mortality decreased. The obtained results concentrated on biological efficacy of the oils tested against the adults. Both oils affected the longevities of both male and female C. maculatus adults in comparison to the control. The oviposition periods of the adult female were affected significantly in comparison to the control. A. calamus oil prohibited oviposition completely at high concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% and caused complete sterility to the females. Lower concentrations decreased the oviposition period greatly and reduced the number of eggs laid in comparison to the control. Ethyl oleate had an inconsiderable latent effect on the incubation period as well as the percentage of hatching of the resulting eggs. A. calamus oil decreased the percentage of egg hatchability with serious increase in the percent sterility. The two tested oils had slight extension in either larval or pupal stage of the resulting progeny of C. maculatus. Both oils show oviposition deterrency towards C. maculatus adults. The oviposition deterrent index was 100% when mung bean seeds were treated with A. calamus oil. The bruchid females laid all eggs on control seeds and no eggs were laid on treated seeds.     

Toxic and deterrent effects of two volatile oils against cowpea weevil,Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The fumigant effect of Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum oils and their mixture against adults and eggs of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) was evaluated. Bioassay experiments showed that Ocimum basilicum oil was significantly effective against adult and egg stage which was the least effective. However, in the fumigant toxicity experiments against adult stage, Ocimum basilicum oil at a dose of 1.0 μl/38.5 ml air caused 100% mortality (LC₅₀ = 1.88), the mixture of both oils at a dose of 6.0 μl/38.5 ml air caused 100% mortality (LC₅₀ = 10.3) and Mentha piperita oil at a dose of 80.0 μl/38.5 ml air caused 80.0% mortality (LC₅₀ = 41.224) during a one day exposure period. Regarding the oviposition deterrent activity, Ocimum basilicum oil achieved 100% oviposition deterrent (at a dose of 0.5 μl/38.5 ml air) followed by the mixture of Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum oils, which achieved 71.22% oviposition deterrent (at a dose of 1.0 μl/38.5 ml air) and Mentha piperita oil, which achieved 39.6% oviposition deterrent (at a dose of 5.0 μl/38.5 ml air). The essential oils and their mixtures studied here determined a significant decrease in the number of eggs hatched and in the emergence of adults. The eggs failed to hatch on using Ocimum basilicum oil at a dose of 0.6 μl/38.5 ml air. However, the number of eggs hatched decreased to 7.4 on using a mixture of oils at a dose of 2.0 μl/38.5 ml air and 14.0 with Mentha piperita oil at a dose of 80.0 μl/38.5 ml air compared with 25.0 eggs hatched in the control experiments. On the other hand, the percentage reduction in emerging adults were 100% for Ocimum basilicum oil, 90.9% for a mixture of the two oils and 72.7% for Mentha piperita oil. Results showed that Ocimum basilicum oil and Ocimum basilicum oils plus Mentha piperita oils in blend are potential alternatives to synthetic fumigants in the treatment of durable agricultural products. Successful adoption of plant oils in the protection of food commodities promises an eco-friendly option compatible with international biosafety regulations.     

Contact and fumigant activities of Citrullus colocynthis formulations against Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The efficacy of two different formulations of Citrullus colocynthis extracts (emulsifiable and powder) were tested as contact and fumigant toxicants against cowpea weevil adults, Callosobruchus chinensis. The emulsifiable concentrate showed repellent activity against the adults. No eggs were laid by females in the choice test at 1.0% concentration compared with 150.0 eggs in control. Using the same concentration, the females deposited 1.4 eggs in the non-choice test compared with 78.2 eggs in control. The concentration of 2.5 μl/38.5 ml air of citrullus emulsifiable caused 100% mortality to adults during one day in the fumigation test. Also, the vapor of citrullus emulsifiable was highly effective against eggs of cowpea weevil, where, at 2.5 μl/38.5 ml air, no eggs hatched. Both formulations affect the different biological aspects of cowpea weevil, however, citrullus emulsifiable concentrate was more potent than the citrullus powder.     

Prevailing triple infection with Wolbachia in Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Prevailing triple infection with three distinct Wolbachia strains was identified in Japanese populations of the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. When a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was conducted using universal primers for ftsZ and wsp, Wolbachia was detected in all the individuals examined, 288 males and 334 females from nine Japanese populations. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of cloned wsp gene fragments from single insects revealed that three types of wsp sequences coexist in the insects. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the wsp sequences unequivocally demonstrated that C. chinensis harbours three phylogenetically distinct Wolbachia, tentatively designated as wBruCon, wBruOri and wBruAus, respectively. Diagnostic PCR analysis using specific primers demonstrated that, of 175 males and 235 females from nine local populations, infection frequencies with wBruCon, wBruOri and wBruAus were 100%, 96.3% and 97.0%, respectively. As for the infection status of individuals, triple infection (93.7%) dominated over double infection (6.1%) and single infection (0.2%). The amounts of wBruCon, wBruOri and wBruAus in field-collected adult insects were analysed by using a quantitative PCR technique in terms of wsp gene copies per individual insect. Irrespective of original populations, wBruCon and wBruOri (107 -108 wsp copies/insect) were consistently greater in amount than wBruAus (106 -107 wsp copies/insect), suggesting that the population sizes of the three Wolbachia strains are controlled, although the mechanism is unknown. Mating experiments suggested that the three Wolbachia cause cytoplasmic incompatibility at different levels of intensity.     

Effect of soft electron treatment on adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Col., Bruchidae)

Abstract:  Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of soft electron (low-energy electron) treatment on adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.), a major pest of stored legume seeds. Adzuki bean ( Vigna angularis ) seeds containing weevils of different ages (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 days), were exposed to electrons at an acceleration voltage of 170 kV for 20 min (10 kGy). The radiation sensitivity of the insect decreased with increasing age. The egg stage was highly susceptible to electron radiation whereas the 18-day-old stage (fully developed adults ready for emergence) was the most tolerant, and treatment at a higher energy (200 kV equal to 10 kGy) was necessary to achieve an 80% mortality of this stage. However, the longevity, fecundity and fertility of the surviving adult insects were adversely affected by the electron treatment and they failed to complete their life cycle. The sex ratio of weevils was not significantly affected by the electron treatment, suggesting an equal vulnerability of both sexes. Electron treatment did not affect the germination capacity of adzuki bean seeds, so soft electron irradiation represents a safer method for the disinfestation of adzuki beans.     

Varietal susceptibility of certain broad bean seeds to infestation with Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Seeds susceptibility of eight broad bean varieties to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) infestation were studied for the first time in free- and no-choice methods in the laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University. The relation between certain seed physical characteristics and some biological and and infestation parameters of both insects in the two studied methods were evaluated. None of these varieties were resistant to both insects, showing various levels of susceptibility. Biological and infestation parameters were significantly different among varieties except the developmental period. In free- choice method, Giza 3 was the most susceptible variety to both insects, since produced the highest progeny of 246.67 and 75.67 adults and susceptibility index (SI) of 10.25 and 7.42, respectively, while the least susceptible variety was Giza 716. In no– choice method, Nubaria 5 and Sakha 1 were the most susceptible varieties to C. chinensis, while Nubaria 3 and Giza 3 to C. maculatus. Differences between physical characters of varieties were significant. Seed hardness were correlated negatively and seed coat thickness positively with laid eggs, progeny and (SI) of both insects in free-choice method. Also seed coat thickness correlated positively with weight loss and seed damage (%) of C. chinensis and negatively of C. maculatus. To reduce seed losses the cultivation of the least susceptible variety (Giza 716) is encouraged and considered for breeding purposes to avoid insecticide usage.     

Effects of maternal age on reproductive traits and fitness components of the offspring in the bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

In many insect species, the size and number of eggs decrease with maternal age. Thus, both the size and number of eggs must be considered to know the exact cost of reproduction with maternal age. The resource depletion hypothesis was examined in the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus chinensis. The hypothesis explains why the egg size decreases with maternal age based on the decline of the female's reproductive capacity. A decrease was found in reproductive effort (= egg size × the number of eggs) and the fitness component of offspring with maternal age. The effects of the female's nutritional status on the relationship between maternal age and the reproductive effort of females with and without food and water were also examined. The results indicate that the decrease in size and number of eggs with maternal age can be explained by the resource depletion hypothesis in C. chinensis.     

在玻璃表面上短时接触硅藻土和多杀菌素对四纹豆象的致死效应和亚致死效应（英文）

四纹豆象Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)是伊朗豇豆种子上的主要贮藏害虫。控制这一害虫时, 用生物杀虫剂比用常规杀虫剂更为合适。本研究评价了室内条件下在玻璃表面上硅藻土和多杀菌素对四纹豆象成虫的致死效应和亚致死效应。结果表明： 硅藻土处理24 h和48 h后, 对四纹豆象成虫的LC50 值分别为 1.47和0.2 g/m²; 多杀菌素处理24 h和48 h后, 对四纹豆象成虫的LC50 值分别为102.9 和68.8 mg ai/L, 说明两种化合物都对四纹豆象成虫具有较高的急性毒性。通过检测生物学参数, 研究了LC₂₀浓度的硅藻土和多杀菌素对四纹豆象的亚致死效应。LC₂₀浓度的硅藻土和多杀菌素使四纹豆象成虫的繁殖力分别比对照降低了71.5%和17.2%, 卵孵化率降低了57.5%和27.8%, 成虫寿命缩短了74.7%和17.1%。接触LC₂₀浓度的硅藻土和多杀菌素使这一害虫的蛹期分别比对照延长了4.8%和2.3%。亚致死效应研究表明, 硅藻土和多杀菌素对四纹豆象的生命参数均产生了负面影响。总之, 致死效应和亚致死效应综合显示, 硅藻土在防治四纹豆象上具有较大的潜力。     

Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Tanacetum balsamita L. (Compositae) against adults and eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The essential oil of Tanacetum balsamita L. was tested against Callosobruchus maculatus F. at the rates of 5.12, 7.23, 10.19, 14.36 and 20.24?μl/l?air for adults and 5.3, 8.5, 10.8, 13.7 and 17.4?μl/l?air for eggs. All experiments were conducted at 27?±?1?°C and 65?±?5% relative humidity. Mortality was counted after 24, 48 and 72?h of exposure and all adults (dead and alive) were taken out of the vials and the vials were left at the same conditions for further 35?days to assess progeny production. For mortality of eggs, unhatched eggs were counted after 7?days. The adults treated with oil were more susceptible than eggs. At highest dose (20.24?μl/l?air) mortality of adults after 72?h, received 75.2%, but this amount for egg at 17.4?μl/l?air after 72?h was 49.06%. The lowest LC₅₀ value on 72?h was observed in adults (1.96?μl/l?air). Also, the lowest LC₉₅ value on 72?h was observed in adults (42.86?μl/l?air). The percentage of reduced progeny on 72?h was 50.92% at 20.24?μl/l?air. Our results suggest that T. balsamita can be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides but higher dose may be needed.