永瓣藤

永瓣藤成文法姚承霞１９２６年,年轻的中国植物学者秦仁昌,在安徽南部祁门县棕里村潘坑坞发现了一种新奇的藤本植物,当时拟名为“祁藤”。后经美国阿诺德树木园植物分类学家雷德尔（Ａ．Ｒｅｈｄｅｒ）定名为Ｍｏｎｉｍｏｐｅｔａｌｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ。因其花瓣宿存...     

中国珍稀特有植物永瓣藤生物学特性的研究

本文研究了我国珍稀特有植物永瓣藤(Monimopetalum chinense)的自然环境、地理分布、群落学特点、外部形态、内部结构特征、生长发育及其开花结实特性,为其种质保存和保护生物学研究提供基础资料。     

中国珍稀特有植物永瓣藤生物学特性的研究

本文研究了我国珍稀特有植物永瓣藤（Ｍｏｎｉｍｏｐｅｔａｌｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ）的自然环境、地理分布、群落学特点、外部形态、内部结构特征、生长发育及其开花结实特性,为其种质保存和保护生物学研究提供基础资料。     

珍稀濒危植物永瓣藤DNA提取与ISSR条件优化

以硅胶干燥叶片为材料,研究永瓣藤DNA的提取方法,并对影响简单重复序列区间分子标记反应的各条件进行了优化。建立了永瓣藤ISSR的优化反应体系和程序,即在20μL反应体系中,含20ng模板DNA、2.375mmol/L Mg2+、0.15mmol/L dNTPs、1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶、225nmol/L随机引物;扩增程序为:94℃预变性5min;然后94℃15s、48~50℃45s、72℃1min,35个循环,最后72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。本研究为进行永瓣藤种群遗传多样性研究奠定了基础。     

永瓣藤的地理分布及其种群空间格局

应用Ｇｒｅｉｇ－Ｓｍｉｔｈ邻接格子取样法,研究了我国珍稀植物永瓣藤（ＭｏｎｉｍｏｐｅｔａｌｕｎｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＲｅｈｄ）,的地理分布和种群空间格局及其形成机制,分析了其克隆生长格局和生态适应对策,研究结果表明,永瓣藤的分布区域狭窄,其种群空间格局为集群型,克隆生长格避为游击式稀疏形式样式,这与其生物学特性和种群生态适应的对策密切相关。     

濒危植物永瓣藤叶片功能性状对环境因子的响应

植物叶片功能性状能够响应环境条件的变化,反应了植物对环境的适应策略。当前,针对藤本植物叶片功能性状地理格局及其环境驱动力的研究较少。以国家重点保护植物永瓣藤（Monimopetalum chinense）为研究对象,对其分布区内11个种群的15个叶片功能性状进行测量,并结合气候、土壤因子来解释叶性状变异。比较叶片性状在局域和区域尺度上的种内变异程度,利用多元逐步回归分析环境因子对叶性状的影响。结果表明,在局域尺度上,永瓣藤叶功能性状变异系数介于3.0%-22.5%,其中,叶面积变异程度最大,叶片碳含量变异最小。永瓣藤叶片形状随纬度上升而变得宽且圆。叶片磷含量相对较低,永瓣藤的生长可能受到了磷限制。土壤与气候因子是叶片性状的重要驱动因素,解释了25%-97%的叶片性状变异。在温度和水分充足的情况下,永瓣藤叶片趋向于的慢速生长的保守策略。总体来说,永瓣藤叶片功能性状通过一定的种内变异和性状组合,并与气候、土壤因子相互作用,适应当前的环境条件。     

永瓣藤的营养繁殖

对中国稀有濒危植物永瓣藤（ＭｏｎｉｍｏｐｅｔａｌｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＲｅｈｄ．）的自然营养繁殖特性进行了调查,并进行了迁地保存及人工营养繁殖试验,结果表明：（１）永瓣藤在自然生境中主要靠营养繁殖来维持种群生存,但受其生境郁闭度的影响,繁殖率较低。（２）人工扦插繁殖是永瓣藤生物多样性迁地保存的有效方法。（３）生根剂处理能提高扦插繁殖率,尤以ＡＢＴ１的效果最佳。（４）压条繁殖是一种培育大苗的可靠方法,但有一定的局限性。     

濒危植物永瓣藤所在群落物种多样性初步研究

永瓣藤(Monimopetalum chinense)是卫矛科(Celastraceae)的一个中国特有单型属植物,被列为国家二级稀有濒危保护物种。以11个样地调查资料为基础,从物种丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数等方面对濒危植物永瓣藤所在群落物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明:永瓣藤所在群落物种多样性较高,植物群落结构复杂,物种丰富;从平均值来看,物种丰富度指数和物种多样性指数灌木层>草本层>乔木层,物种均匀度指数草本层>灌木层>乔木层;乔木层物种贫乏,物种多样性较低,优势树种突出;永瓣藤受人类活动干扰较大,森林的乱砍滥伐和旅游的不合理开发给该物种带来严重的威胁。     

濒危植物永瓣藤的种群结构及与环境的关系

基于相邻格子法调查资料,分析了安徽省南部山区——祁门县棕里村次生灌丛、毛竹林、杉木林和马尾松林4种类型群落中永瓣藤种群的基径、结构以及环境因子对其种群特征的影响.结果表明：不同群落中永瓣藤种群的平均基径依次为毛竹林（10.5mm）〉马尾松林（9.1mm）〉杉木林（7.2mm）〉次生灌丛（7.0mm）,其中次生灌丛、杉木林与毛竹林、马尾松林之间的差异均达到显著水平（P〈0.05）.不同群落中永瓣藤种群的结构有一定差异,次生灌丛和马尾松林群落的径级呈非典型的金字塔型分布,为稳定型种群;毛竹林群落属于纺锤形,以中等级别个体最多,种群处于衰退的早期阶段;杉木林群落属于典型金字塔型,永瓣藤幼苗数量最多.棕里村永瓣藤种群的存活曲线属于DeeveyⅡ,为增长型种群,未出现衰退迹象.永瓣藤适于生长在海拔低、土壤含水量和有机质含量高、坡度缓和、乔木层盖度较高的生境中,频繁的人为干扰将对其种群更新产生不良影响.最后就有关永瓣藤的保护提出了一些建议.     

中国稀危植物永瓣藤生态学特征研究

永瓣藤（ＭｏｎｉｍｏｐｅｔａｌｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＲｅｈｄ．）是卫矛科（Ｃｅｌａｓｔｒａｃｅａｅ）的一个中国特有单型属植物,被列为国家二级稀有濒危保护树种［３,４］。对其生态学基本特征和致濒生态因素的研究有着极为重要的意义,是进行生物多样性保护及恢...     

Can we save Australia’s endangered wildlife by increasing species recognition?

Australia’s species extinction rate is one of the highest in the world. Yet, there is limited evidence regarding people’s recognition of, and preferences and support for, Australian endangered wildlife. This paper presents survey responses from 223 Zoos Victoria visitors (response rate: 39.1 %) and 90 community members (Victoria, Australia). We examined people’s top 10 overall (global) and Australian favourite animals, and conducted an in-depth exploration of recognition of, and preferences and support for, seven Australian endangered species identified as being at risk of extinction within the next decade, including: the leadbeater’s possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii), helmeted honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops cassidix), southern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree), Lord Howe Island (LHI) stick insect (Dryococelus australis), Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), and the orange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). Results indicate that the only Australian animals to feature in the overall top 10 favourite list were the kangaroo (ranked 9th for both sample groups) and koala (ranked 6th and 10th for the community and zoo sample, respectively). The Tasmanian devil had the highest rate of recognition (>86 %), in comparison to the remaining six species (1.2–7.3 % across both samples). Endangered species were not prominent in the top favourite Australian species. Australian endangered species’ likeability ratings typically followed the pattern of mammals being most likeable (Tasmanian devil and leadbeater’s possum), followed by birds, frogs, and insects (helmeted honeyeater, southern corroboree frog, and LHI stick insect). Importantly, for most endangered native species featured (4/7 and 6/7; zoo and community, respectively), simply being able to recognise species significantly (p <.05) increased people’s willingness to support their conservation. Findings underscore several powerful opportunities for future conservation programs to contribute to Australian endangered species conservation by striving to increase public familiarity with Australian species most at risk of extinction.     

A euryhaline fish,lost in the desert: The unexpected metapopulation structure of Coptodon guineensis (Günther, 1862) in the Sebkha of Imlili

Euryhaline Cichlid fish of the species Coptodon guineensis are present in different water holes situated in a dried depression in the desert in the extreme South of Morocco, the Sebkha of Imlili. A genetic survey of this population, using complete sequences of the ND2 gene (mtDNA) and sixteen microsatellite loci, revealed that the fish in the sebkha did not form a single population, but rather a metapopulation. This metapopulational structure may be regarded as good news from the point of view of the conservation of fish in the sebkha. Although small individual populations may have short, finite life spans, the metapopulation as a whole is more stable, because immigrants from one population are likely to re-colonize the habitat, left open by the extinction of another.     

中国的濒危物种及其保护

重点分析了濒危物种的概念，确定原则，阐述了物种保护的三种基因类型，即自养保护、圈养保护和基因保护。简要介绍了国家自然科学基金资助的与物种保护有关的项目。初步探讨限各种不同保护类型中存在的重要科学问题、可能研究领域和方向，以促进我国物种保护和研究的发展。     

湖北南河国家级自然保护区及周边七子花群落特征与种群结构

七子花（Heptacodium miconioides Rehder）为我国特有的落叶灌木或小乔木,被列入国家重点保护野生植物名录和世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）受威胁植物名录。2022年8月,被认为在湖北消失115年的七子花,在谷城南河国家级自然保护区及其周边被重新发现。本研究以新发现的3个七子花种群（傅家寨、玉皇阁和李庙镇）为研究对象,分析其生境特征、伴生群落物种组成、种群结构和受威胁因素。分布区的植被为典型的落叶阔叶林,以小叶鹅耳枥（Carpinus stipulata H. J. P. Winkl.）、化香树（Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc.）、七子花和栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis Blume）为优势种。新发现种群共记录到151株七子花,基本都分布于海拔1 000~1 300 m的山脊或崖壁上。七子花的大小级结构图呈纺锤型,表明新发现种群为衰退型,实生苗更新不足。新发现的151株个体中有137株（91%）产生萌蘖,共产生936个萌蘖,平均每株6.83个。大量的萌蘖在很大程度上弥补了幼苗的不足,使该物种能够占领其生态位,利于种群的维持。新发现种群位于偏远山区的山脊和崖壁上,人为干扰较小,因此可以推测内因是其种群衰退的主要驱动力。建议对周边区域开展更大规模的调查,同时采用包括就地保护、人工扩繁、迁地保护和野外回归在内的整合保护计划加强对七子花的保护和可持续利用。     

非损伤性取样法在保护遗传学研究中的应用

通过对非损伤怀取样法的种类以及毛发的非损伤性取样分析方法、口腔脱落细胞的非损伤性取样分析方法、馆藏标本的非损伤性取样分析方法、粪便的非损伤性取样分析方法和其它样品的非损伤性取样分析方法的介绍,就非损伤取样法在保护遗传学中的应用及其优点、局限性和应用前景作了介绍、分析和讨论。     

Gypsicolous flora, conservation and restoration of quarries in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula

The southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, more precisely, the province of Almería, has the most important gypsum quarries in Spain. Despite the severe environmental impact of these quarries, so far little attention has been paid to either the effect on the flora, especially on the more restricted endemic taxa, or to the restoration of the habitats after the end of exploitation. It is our view that restoration of gypsum quarries should aim not only at correcting the visual impact of mining on the landscape, but should also attend to the biological impact of the quarrying. Although the cicatrising potential of gypsophytes is already well known, not all the species are able to recolonise worked-out quarries. Using species abundances, all analysis clearly show that artificial rehabilitation results in very altered communities. The preservation of the gypsum flora merits prioritary protective strategies which, at least to some extent, would make gypsum mining and nature conservation compatible.     

Population genetic study of the U.S. federally listed Illinois cave amphipod, Gammarus acherondytes

Worldwide, conservation personnel must balance the needs of endangered species and humans. Studies that provide information of a species’ genetic structure can identify conservation units and help prioritize populations. We used a region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene to examine the population genetics of the U.S. federally listed Illinois cave amphipod, Gammarus acherondytes. Eleven unique haplotypes were identified from nine populations in two hydrologically separate subregions, each of which contained genetically distinct populations. This conclusion is based on (i) subregions form clades in the interspecific phylogeographic analyses; (ii) the between-subregions component in the Analysis of Molecular Variance accounted for a significant fraction (81.45%) of the genetic variation; and (iii) no haplotypes were shared between subregions. These results coincide with the known distribution of G. acherondytes and regional hydrology. We recommend future recovery efforts avoid mixing individuals between subregions to prevent the breakdown of local adaptive gene complexes.     

Vegetative micro-cloning to sustain biodiversity of threatened Moringa species

Efficient vegetative cloning in vitro requires definition of plant growth regulator regimes for each genotype, and therefore formulation of a uniform culture protocol for a genetically heterogeneous wild or uncultivated plant population is often impossible. The likelihood of cloning a wide array of plant genotypes by avoiding the use of plant growth regulator(s) was explored with Moringa oleifera Lamk., Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod, and Moringa peregrina Forssk. ex Fiori tree seedlings. Propagation was achieved by multiple shoot regeneration from the cotyledonary node of decapitated seedlings, followed by axillary shoot growth from single node shoot segments and rooting of excised shoots. All steps were accomplished on basal Murashige and Skoog medium without plant growth regulator supplements. The results revealed competence for generation of multiple shoots from cotyledonary node tissue, stimulated by repeated shoot harvest, in seedlings of all three tree species. Tens of plants per seedling were regenerated in about 4 mo from culture initiation. In a given species clone size was seedling-dependent, which presumably stems from genotypic variability among seedlings in regeneration ability in vitro. By this means the laborious search for a plant growth regulator regime suitable for organogenesis induction and adapted per genotype became redundant, and biodiversity of the seed germplasm could be maintained. The approach ideally suits establishment of clones of wild plants of endangered species, like those of the Moringaceae, species with high ability for producing supplementary shoots, and without the need to add plant growth regulators, including the rooting stage.