F. C. Napp undJ. G. Mendel Ein Beitrag zur Vorgeschichte derMendelschen Versuche

Zusammenfassung Im Hinblick auf den 100. TodestagF. C. Napps (22. 7. 1867), der als Abt des St. Thomas-Stiftes in AltbrünnJ. G. Mendel in das Stift aufnahm, ihm ein naturwissenschaftliches Studium sowie die Durchführung seiner Versuche ermöglichte, und im Hinblick auf den 100. Jahrestag der WahlMendels zum Abt des gleichen Stiftes (31. 3. 1868) wird der Beziehung dieser beiden Männer zueinander im Hinblick auf die EntdeckertatMendels gedacht. Im Anschluß an eine kurze BiographieNapps wird dessen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im Dienst der praktischen Landwirtschaft und der für die Landwirtschaft wichtigen Grundlagenforschung gewürdigt. Eine besonders enge BeziehungNapps zu der wissenschaftlichen TätigkeitMendels ergibt sich auf Grund seiner Tätigkeit zugunsten der Meteorologie und der Bienenzucht.

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F. C. Napp andJ. G. Mendel a contribution to the prehistory ofMendel's experiments

Summary On the centenary of the death ofF. C. Napp (22. 7. 1867), abbot of the St. Thomas-monastery of Old-Brünn, who admittedJ. G. Mendel in his convent, enabled him to study natural science and to carry out his experiments, and on the centenary of the election ofMendel to succeedNapp as abbot (31. 3. 1868), we take note of the relationship between these two men as it concerns the discoveries ofMendel. Following a short biography ofNapp we appreciate his service to agriculture and its basic sciences. We find a close connection between the scientific work ofMendel andNapp in meteorology and bee keeping.

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Dem Leiter dere Genetischem Abteilung GregorMendel, des Mährischen Museums in Brünn (Brno/SSR), HerrnDr. V. Orel, sei für einen wiederholten Studienaufenthalt im Mendeleanum auch an dieser Stelle verbindlichst gedankt.     

Coremiella cuboidea (Sacc. et Ell.) Cif. et Car. n. comb. isolata da feci umane

Riassunto Sono studiati nelle loro caratteristiche morfo-culturali e biologiche quattro ceppi omogenei diCoremiella isolati da feci umane. Questo genera è simile aGeotrichum ma oltre a cellule miceliche clamidosporo-simili presenta formazione apicali miceliche di tipo coremioide reptante.L'artrosporulazione è un processo endogeno come inGeotrichum, e come inGeorichum si hanno artrospore clamidosporioidi fertili opache e artrospore usuali non fertili e jaline, ma meno differenziate.I ceppi vengono riferiti aC. ulmariae e le caratteristiche vengono paragonate anche con le culture su legno diSpirea ulmaria.Il primo esemplare diCoremiella è stato pubblicato comeOospora cuboidea Sacc. etEll. come è stato accertato studiando l'esemplare autentico diEllis.In conclusione il genereCoremiella Bub. etKrieg. è stato emendato ed è stata creata la combinazioneC. cuboidea (Sacc. etEll.).

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Summary Four homogeneous strains ofCoremiella from human feces were studied from morpho-cultural and biological standpoint. This genus is likeGeotrichum, but in addition to some mycelial, chlamydospore-like cells, coremioid mycelial, reptant strands are formed.The arthrosporulation is an endogeneous process, and, likeGeotrichum, there are usual hyaline and duller chlamydosporioid, fertile arthrospores, but less differentiated.The strains are referred toC. ulmariae, and the characteristics were compared also on timber and woody European Meadowsweet cultures. But the first binomial ofCoremiella has been published asOospora cuboidea Ell. etSacc., as ascertained by the study of the authenticEllis specimen.In conclusion, the genusCoremiella Bub. etKrieg. has been emended, and the combinationC. cuboidea (Sacc. etEll.) established.

     

Carlina×bakariensis E.Mayer,hybr. nov. (=C. fiumensis Simk.×C. corymbosa L.)

Zusammenfassung Die chorologischen und morphologisch-taxonomischen Verhältnisse vonCarlina frigida Boiss. etHeldr.,C. fiumensis Simk.,C. graeca Heldr. etSart, undC. corymbosa L. im adriatischen Küstengebiet von Jugoslawien werden näher besprochen.Aus dem Gebiet des Quarnero wird der erste sichere Bastard innerhalb der GattungCarlina L.,C.×bakariensis (=C. fiumensis Sime.×C. corymbosa L.), beschrieben.     

Bemerkungen überCynoglossum coelestinum Lindl. undC. glochidiatum Wall. sowie Versuch einer Neugliederung der GattungCynoglossum L.

Zusammenfassung Eingangs werden die systematische Stellung und die Fruchtmorphologie vonCynoglossum coelestinum Lindl. erörtert. Dabei wird gezeigt, daß die GattungAdelocaryum, zu derBrand (1921) die Art stellte, keine Berechtigung hat. Die vonPopov (1953) als verschieden betrachteten ArtenC. glochidiatum Wall. undC. denticulatum A. DC. sind synonym, ebensoC. zeylanicum (Vahl) Thunb. undC. furcatum Wall. Die GattungParacynoglossum M.Pop. und die SektionEleutherostylum Brand werden zu Untergattungen gemacht und ferner nebenCynoglossum s. str. noch die UntergattungPapilligerum H.Riedl, subgen. nov. unterschieden. Innerhalb der UntergattungCynoglossum werden die SektionenCynoglossum, Bracteata H.Riedl, sect. nova undFoliata H.Riedl, sect. nova, innerhalbParacynoglossum die SektionenParacynoglossum undAxillaria H.Riedl, sect. nova, innerhalbEleutherostylum die SektionenEleutherostylum undParacaryopsis H.Riedl, sect. nova unterschieden.Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung durch National Science Foundation Grant G 16325.     

Zur Kenntnis der GattungGentianella Moench in Jugoslawien. I. DerG. anisodonta-Komplex

Zusammenfassung Aus der subalpinen Stufe des nordwestlichen illyrischen Gebietes (Notranjski Snenik, nördlicher Velebit) wird als neue ArtGentianella liburnica E.Mayer et H.Kunz beschrieben, die im Bereiche der kleinblütigen Sippen desG. anisodonta-Komplexes einen morphologisch und chorologisch gut gekennzeichneten Südost-Vikaristen derG. engadinensis (Wettst.)Holub darstellt.Herrn Professor Dr.Lothar Geitler zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Leclercia adecarboxylata Gen. Nov., Comb. Nov., formerly known asEscherichia adecarboxylata.

The nameLeclercia adecarboxylata is proposed for a group of the family Enterobacteriacae previously known asEscherichia adecarboxylata. Leclercia adecarboxylata can be phenotypically differentiated from all other species of Enterobacteriaceae. The members of this species are positive for motility, indole production, methyl red, growth in the presence of KCN, malonate, beta-galactosidase, beta-xylosidase, esculin hydrolysis, gas production fromd-glucose, and acid production fromd-cellobiose,d-lactose, melibiose,l-rhamnose, adonitol,d-arabitol, dulcitol, and salicin; the strains were negative for Voges-Proskauer, citrate (Simmons), H₂S (Kligler), lysine and ornithine decarboxylases, arginine dihydrolase, phenylalanine deaminase, gelatinase, DNase, Tween-80 hydrolysis, and acid production from myoinositol and alpha-methyl-d-glucoside. Fermentation ofd-raffinose,d-sucrose, andd-sorbitol is variable with strains. DNA relatedness of 11 strains ofL. adecarboxylata to three strains including the type strain of this species averaged 80% in reactions at 65°C. DNA relatedness to other species in Enterobacteriaceae was 2%–32%, indicating that this species was placed in a new genusLeclercia gen. nov. The type strain ofL. adecarboxylata is ATCC 23216.     

A new genus of theActinoplanaceae: Dactylosporangium,gen. nov.

Summary Two aerobic mesophilic species of a new genus belonging to the familyActinoplanaceae are described under the nameDactylosporangium (D. aurantiacum strainD/748 type species andD. thailandensis strainD/449). The new genus is characterized by the production of finger shaped sporangia emerging directly from the vegetative mycelium.The motile sporangiospores, three to four in number are arranged in a single straight row inside the sporangium.The genusActinoplanes of the familyActinoplanaceae was described in 1950 byCouch and is characterized by the bacteria-like, flagellated spores formed in sporangia. Other members of the familyActinoplanaceae have been studied byKarling (1954),Rothwell (1957) andCross et al. (1963) in the United States, byGaertner (1955) in Germany, byVan Brummelen andWent (1957) in Holland, byNonomura andOhara (1960) in Japan, byTaig et al. (1962),Tsyganov et al. (1963), andKoniev et al. (1965) in Russia. Except for the organisms studied byKarling and byRothwell, which undoubtedly belonged to theActinoplanes but were not studied in pure culture, the organisms studied by most of the other authors belonged to the genusStreptosporangium.Three new genera having motile spores were described more recently:Ampullariella andSpirillospora described byCouch (1963, 1964), andPlanomonospora byThiemann et al. (1967b).     

Deuteromycetes from Jabalpur. III

Summary In this paper the author has described seventeen new Deuteromycetes from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. These are: Phyllosticta careyae Sahni onCareya arborea Roxb.,Phyllosticta anogeissi Sahni onAnogeissus latifolia Wall.,Phomopsis dalbergiae Sahni onDalbergia sissoo Roxb.,Phomopsis yuccae Sahni onYucca aloifolia L.,Phomopsis dracaenae Sahni onDracaena brachystachys Hook.,Phomopsis buteae Sahni onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kunze,Cytospora grevilleae Sahni onGrevillea robusta A. Cunn.,Coniothyrium sarcinellae Sahni onSarcinella palawanensis (Syd.)Sahni parasitising leaves ofCalastrus paniculatus Willd.,Coniothyrium dioscoreae Sahni on fruits ofDioscorea sp.,Amerodiscosiella indica Sahni onIxora parviflora Vahl.,Ascochyta nyctanthis Sahni onNyctanthes arbor-tristis L.,Pseudodiplodia buteae Sahni onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kunze,Pseudodiplodia oreodoxae Sahni onOreodoxa oleracea Mart.,Phaeoseptoria bougainvilleae Sahni onBougainvillea glabra Choisy,Hainesia jabalpurensis Sahni onWoodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz.,Colletotrichum arjunae Sahni onTerminalia arjuna W. & A., andColletotrichum terminaliae Sahni onTerminalia bellirica (Gaertn.)Roxb.     

East, E.M. andHayes, H. K. Inheritance in maize

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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East, E.M. andHayes, H. K. Inheritance in maize

     

The genusAntennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae) in western North America: Morphometric analysis ofAntennaria alborosea,A. corymbosa,A. marginata,A. microphylla,A. parvifolia,A. rosea,andA. umbrinella

Multivariate analysis of vegetative and reproductive characters was used to examine morphological relatedness amongAntennaria alborosea A. E. Porsild,A. corymbosa E. Nels.,A. marginata Greene,A. microphylla Rydb.,A. parvifolia Nutt.,A. rosea Greene, andA. umbrinella Rydb. Both pistillate and staminate plants were examined. Some of the characters examined were variable in one species, but stable in another (i.e., presence or absence of papillae on the achenes). Our analyses indicate that the seven species are morphologically distinct. It is hypothesized that theA. rosea agamic complex arose through hybridization amongA. corymbosa, A. microphylla, A. umbrinella, and possiblyA. dioica (L.)Gaertn. However, hybridization between the three former species and others, as well as their subsequent morphological responses to different environmental conditions causes confusion in recognizing the taxa.Antennaria angustifolia Rydb.,A. arida E. Nels.,A. confinis Greene,A. scariosa E. Nels.,A. foliacea humilis Rydb.,A. concinna E. Nels., andA. viscidula E. Nels. are considered to represent F 1 hybrids.     

Globba unifolia andG. corneri stat. et nom. nov. (Zingiberaceae; Peninsular Malaysia)

Based on personal collections ofGlobba unifolia Ridl. andG. unifolia var.sessiliflora Holtt., the latter is recognized as a distinct species. As the nameG. sessiliflora is already occupied, the nomen novumG. corneri is proposed in honour of Prof. DrE. J. H. Corner, who was the first collector of the plant.Dedicated to Prof. DrE. J. H. Corner (Cambridge) on the occasion of his 85th birthday on January 12th, 1991.     

Beitrag zur systematik vonScilla L. subgen.Scilla (inklusiveChionodoxa Boiss.)

Zusammenfassung Die vonBoissier aufgestellte GattungChionodoxa wird auf Grund samenanatomischer und karyologischer Befunde eingezogen. Ihre nahe Verwandtschaft mitScilla bifolia agg. konnte aufgezeigt werden. Die wesentlichen Unterschiede derScilla bifolia- Gruppe (inklusiveChionodoxa-Arten) zu anderen Gruppen myrmekochorerScilla-Arten sowie zuPuschkinia undHyacinthus wurden dargelegt.Folgende neue Kombinationen werden aufgestellt:Scilla luciliae (Boiss.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla cretica (Boiss. &Heldr.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla nana (Schult. fil.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla sardensis (Barr &Sugden)Speta comb. nova,Scilla siehei (Stapf)Speta comb. nova,Scilla×allenii (Nicholson)Speta comb. nova.Weiters wurden die Chromosomenzahlen für einigeScilla- Arten überprüft und dabei fürScilla bifolia neben der bekannten diploiden auch die tetraploide Zahl 2n=36 aufgefunden.

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Summary The genusChionodoxa set up byBoissier is withdrawn due to seedanatomical and caryological statements and its species are incorporated intoScilla L. The close affinity between formerChionodoxa-species andScilla bifolia agg. could be demonstrated. The essential differences between theScilla bifolia group (including the formerChionodoxa species) and other groups of myrmecochorousScilla species,Puschkinia andHyacinthus were shown. The following new combinations are set up:Scella luciliae (Boiss.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla cretica (Boiss. &Heldr.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla nana (Schult. fil.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla sardensis (Barr &Sugden)Speta comb. nova,Scilla siehei (Stapf)Speta comb. nova,Scilla×allenii (Nicholson)Speta comb. nova.Furthermore the chromosome numbers of someScilla species were checked, and inScilla bifolia L. besides the known diploid number the tetraploid number 2n=36 was discovered.

     

Veronica quezelii undV. saturejoides Vis. subsp.munellensis,zwei neue Sippen der SektionVeronicastrum aus ostmediterranen Gebirgen

Zusammenfassung Veronica quezelii M.Fischer aus hochalpinen Felswänden in Lycien (Kleinasien) ist eine neue Art aus der Verwandtschaft vonV. kotschyana Benth.; sie ist durch die reichliche Bedrüsung der ganzen Pflanze ausgezeichnet.Veronica saturejoides Vis. subsp.munellensis M.Fischer ist eine neue Unterart aus der alpinen Region des Berges Munella in Nord-Albanien, die — ähnlich wie die gleichfalls als Subspecies einzustufendeV. kellereri Degen etUrum. — von der typischen Subspecies hauptsächlich durch Merkmale der Behaarung unterschieden und durch eine Areallücke getrennt ist.

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Summary Veronica quezelii M.Fischer from calcareous rocks of the alpine region of Lycia (Asia Minor) is a new species akin toV. kotschyana Benth. and characterised by the glandular pubescence of the whole plant.Veronica saturejoides Vis. subsp.munellensis M.Fischer is a new subspecies from the alpine region of Mount Munella in Northern Albania. SimilarlyV. kellereri Degen etUrum. has to be treated as subspecies ofV. saturejoides. Both differ from the typical subspecies by characters of the indumentum, and occur in separate areas.

     

D-Amino acids in protein de novo design. II. Protein-diastereomerism versus protein-enantiomerism

Summary With a few exceptions, proteins in our biosphere are based exclusively onl-amino acids. The inversion of configuration of all the stereogenic centers in a protein leads to anall-d compound with ‘mirror image’ properties and ‘mirror image’ structure. We propose to use the termprotein-enantiomerism to describe the relationship between two proteins that have the same sequence but whose amino acids have opposite configuration. We will use the termprotein-diastereomerism to define the relationship between two proteins that have the same sequence in which some amino acids have opposite configurations. A classification of type I, II, III, and IV protein-diastereomerism is proposed. By extension, a diastereoprotein is a protein where some amino acids have the same configuration (l ord) while others have the opposite one (d orl). A particular case of diastereoproteins aremesoproteins, also analyzed in this article. In addition to the goal of making proteins resistant to protease degradation, the use ofd-amino acids in protein de novo design may give rise to proteins with structures, and perhaps properties, very different to those of nativeall-l-proteins.     

Zur Cytotaxonomie vonArabis hirsuta agg. (Cruciferae). IV. Chromosomenzahlen vonA. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. undA. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str. aus Europa

Zusammenfassung A. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. von zehn Herkünften aus Europa ist mit 2 n=16 diploid.A. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str. einschließlich der sicherlich hierhergehörigen var.glaberrima Wahlenb. von 30 europäischen Herkünften ist mit 2 n=32 tetraploid; diploide Pflanzen konnten beiA. hirsuta s. str. nicht gefunden werden.

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Summary A. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. from 10 different places in Europe has 2 n=16 chromosomes and is diploid.A. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str., its var.glaberrima Wahlenb. being included, has been investigated from 30 provenances in Europe, it has the tetraploid chromosome number 2 n=32, diploid plants could not be found in this species.A. hirsuta var.glaberrima (2 n=32) is surely belonging toA. hirsuta s. str. and not toA. allionii (2 n=16).

     

Ctenomyces Serratus Sensu Stricto (Eidam) Gr. Et Schw. 1964. Ein Beitrag Zur Systematik Der Gymnoascaceen

Zusammenfassung In Übereinstimmung mit der Empfehlung vonBenjamin (1956) wird für das Sklerotium-Stadium vonEidam's Ctenomyces serratus der Name Ct. serratus beibehalten. Für die GattungCtenomyces sensu strictu (Eidam)Gr. etSchw. und die Typen-ArtCt. serratus sensu strictu (Eidam)Gr. etSchw. werden die Diagnosen gegeben.     

Technique d'élevage deChelonus contractus Nees. parasite dePhthorimea ocellatella Boyd.

Summary The Braconid,Chelonus contractus Nees, egg endoparasite ofPhthorimea ocellatella Boyd, in S.E. of France, presents only females in his progeny. Its breeding is easy with the help of the small wax moth:Gnorimoschema operculella Zell. The mass breeding is inspired from method that we established for the production ofMacrocentrus ancylivorus Roh.      

Seasonal and annual variations in biological regime of lakes in an ultracontinental climate (Trans-Baikal Region of U.S.S.R)

Summary The lakes are covered 7 months with ice, but under the transparent ice (up to 180 cm thickness) a rich vegetation of phytoplankton, phytomicrobenthos and macrophyta develop and activate the bacterial and animal population. Winter production of the phytoplankton reaches 36 g/m² C and that of the phytomicrobenthos 70 g/m² C.The water levels of the lakes show fluctuations with an amplitude of 2–4 m, affecting the whole trophic system inclusive species composition, proportion and abundance of individual aquatic organisms as well as related abiotic conditions.Co-authors: E. I. Bondereva, T. N. Morozova, (primary production), A. A. Topolov, K. A. Shishkina (microbiology), V. P. Gorlachov (zooplankton), I. M. Shapovalova (zoobenthos), N. M. Pronin (fish and their parasites), V. N. Kuzmich (nutrition of fish).Co-authors: E. I. Bondereva, T. N. Morozova, (primary production), A. A. Topolov, K. A. Shishkina (microbiology), V. P. Gorlachov (zooplankton), I. M. Shapovalova (zoobenthos), N. M. Pronin (fish and their parasites), V. N. Kuzmich (nutrition of fish).     

Risultati della lotta biologica contro ilDacus oleae Gmel. a mezzo dell'Opius concolor Sz. siculus Mon.

Summary The Author reports on the essays of artificial biological control of the olive fly (Dacus oleae Gmel.) made by himself andGenduso with the specific parasiteOpius c. siculus Mon. found in Sicily. The Authors followingDelanoue's technic have bred theseOpius in laboratory on larvae ofCeratitis capitata Wied; so they were able to release: in 1961 — 1000Opius in a small olive plantation near Palermo; in 1962 — 24000Opius in the island of Pantelleria (Sicily); in 1963 — 40000Opius in the island of Salina (Eolic Islands-Sicily); in 1964 — 180000Opius also in the island of Salina. The releasedOpius are ever reproduced, reducing theDacus pest. From the agricultural standpoint the results have been satisfactory and the Author hope to release a great number ofOpius in the olive plantation of all Eolic islands, in 1965.

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Nota:Fischer (1958, 1963) ha pubblicato un lavoro sugliOpius della Regione etiopica, nel quale, a parziale modifica del precedente guidizio di sinonimia, dichiara perl'Opius siculus Mon.: ?sarebbe meglio considerarlo una razza del concolor? (?am besten als Rasse von O. concolorSzépl. aufzufassen?).     

Das Inselorgan des Crossopterygiers Latimeria chalumnae J. L. B. Smith

Zusammenfassung Das Pankreas und der Fettkörper von Latimeria chalumnae, dem einzigen rezenten Crossopterygier aus der Klasse der Coelacanthes, werden in ihrer Lagebeziehung zu Magen, Darm und Milz beschrieben. Das von Millot und Anthony (1958) als Pankreas geschilderte Organ wird histologisch als Fettkörper identifiziert. Der exokrine Pankreasanteil besteht, ähnlich wie bei anderen niederen Wirbeltieren, aus einem tubulösen System exkretorischer Zellen. Das Inselorgan ist mit dem Gangsystem verbunden. Mit der Aldehydfuchsin Ponceau de Xylidine-Färbung lassen sich A- und B-Zellen, mit der Versilberung nach Hellman und Hellerström (1960) Silberzellen darstellen. Geschwollene Zellen werden als Fixationsartefakt nach Formolfixierung betrachtet. B-Zellknospen an den Gängen werden als erste phylogenetische Ansätze zu einer Dissemination des Inselorgans in das exokrine Parenchym hinein gedeutet. Zellen zwischen den exokrinen Tubuli werden beschrieben. Die Befunde werden mit den Ergebnissen am Pankreas niederer Wirbeltiere und Säuger verglichen.

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Summary The topographical anatomy of the pancreas and the fat-body of Latimeria chalumnae, the only living Crossopterygian of the suborder of Coelacanths, is described. The organ, which was considered by Millot and Anthony (1958) to be the pancreas, has been histologically identified as a fat-body. The exocrine part of the pancreas consists of a tubulous system of exocrine cells, which are similar to those of lower vertebrates. The islet-organ is connected to the ductsystem. The aldehydfuchsin Ponceau de Xylidine-staining makes it possible to demonstrate - and -cells, the argyrophil reaction according to Hellman and Hellerström (1960) silvercells. Swollen cells are thought to be fixation artefacts due to formalin-fixation. -cellbuds, which are attached to the ducts, are regarded as the first phylogenetic beginning of dissemination of the islet-organ into the exocrine tissue. Cells between the exocrine tubules are described. The findings are compared with the results of the investigations of the pancreas of lower vertebrates and mammals.

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Herrn Dr. G. v. Wahlert, Forschungsstelle für Ichthylogie in Ludwigsburg, danke ich für die freundliche Überlassung des Untersuchungsmaterials.