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1.
In the Leiden region, the cervical cancer screening programme for the age group 35–54 years shifted in 1989 from one in which the smears were taken by specially trained paramedical personnel in health centres to a programme where the general practitioner is the smear taker. Hence, it is possible to compare the results of the two types of screening to evaluate whether involvement of general practitioners leads to better uptake of screening. In the 6 year period evaluated in this paper, the 3-yearly cytological rate per thousand for severe dysplasia or worse increased from 1.00 to 3.40; when stratified by age the positive rates were significantly higher. the histological rate per thousand for severe dysplasia increased from 0.60 to 2.09, and for carcinoma in situ from 0.35 to 1.36. All six invasive carcinomata were detected in the GP programme (0.31%). the general practitioner is clearly more able to attract the ‘high-risk’groups. Dans la reéion de Leiden, le programme de dépistage du cancer du col pour les tranches d'âge de 35–54 ans a été modifié en 1989. Le programme était initialement basé sur des frottis faits dans des centres de santé, par un personnel paramédical ayant suivi une formation particulière. Après 1989, le médecin généraliste est devenu le préleveur. II est done possible de comparer les résultats de ces 2 types de dépistage et d'apprécier si la participation des médecins généralistes a pour conséquence un meilleur dépistage. Au cours de la période d'étude, les taux pour 1000 de positivité cytologique pour les lésions graves (de type dysplasie sévère et plus) et par période de 3 ans ont augmenté de 1,00 à 3,40. Lorsque l'on stratifie sur l'âge, les taux de cas positifs sont significativement supérieurs. Le taux histologique des dysplasies sévères pour 1000 passe de 0,60 à 2,09 et celui du carcinome in situ de 0,35 à 1,36. Les 6 cas de carcinome invasif ont été détectés par le programme impliquant les médecins généralistes (0,31%). II est clair que le médecin généraliste est mieux placé pour dépister les patientes à“haut risque”. Im Bezirk von Leiden wurden die Abstriche der 35- bis 54 jährigen vor 1989 von speziell ausgebildeten Hilfskräften in Gesundheitszentren hergestellt, während diese Aufgabe dann von den Allgemeinmedizinern übernommen wurde. Dies erlaubt einen Vergleich zwische den Präparaten von zwei jeweils 3 Jahre umfassenden Perioden. Der Anteil schwerer Dysplasien und stärkerer Veränderungen nahm von 1.00 auf 3.40 pro Tausend zu. Der histologische Anteil der schweren Dysplasien erhöhte sich von 0.60 auf 2.09 und der der Carcinomata in situ von 0.35 auf 1.36. Alle 6 nachgewiesenen invasiven Carcinome wurden in den Abstrichen der Allgemeinmediziner entdeckt (0.31%o). Damit ist klar, daß die Allgemeinmediziner die Risikogruppen besser zu erfassen vermögen.  相似文献   

2.
The results of weekly colposcopy review meetings have been audited for 1 year and cases where there was a discrepancy between the referral cervical smear and the initial colposcopy biopsy have been analysed. New referrals (n = 476) for colposcopy were studied. In the final outcome 80% of 326 women referred for moderate or severe dyskaryosis were found to have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade II or III or invasive carcinoma. Three women found to have invasive carcinoma had been referred for severely dyskaryotic smears. Twenty women were referred for smears with cell changes suggesting glandular neoplasia: five were found to have adenocarcinoma in situ, whereas eight had CIN and seven had negative biopsies. The results justify the referral policy and demonstrate the need for further investigation when initial colposcopic biopsies are negative.  相似文献   

3.
子宫颈癌是一类发病率仅次于乳腺癌并严重危害女性生殖系统健康的最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,在发展中国家,是女性癌症死亡的第一因素。自德国科学家哈拉尔德.楚尔豪森(Harald zur Hausen)因发现人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)导致子宫颈癌而获得2008年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖后,全世界广泛认可人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是引起子宫颈癌的最主要生物学因素。HPV病毒的持续感染在子宫颈癌的发生、发展过程中起了重要作用。本文就HPV病毒的生物学结构、女性生殖道HPV病毒的感染途径以及HPV病毒诱发子宫颈癌机制的最近的研究进展进行扼要综述。  相似文献   

4.
魏薇  周瑾  刘莹 《生物磁学》2011,(7):1385-1387,1372
子宫颈癌是一类发病率仅次于乳腺癌并严重危害女性生殖系统健康的最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,在发展中国家,是女性癌症死亡的第一因素。自德国科学家哈拉尔德.楚尔豪森(Harald zur Hausen)因发现人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)导致子宫颈癌而获得2008年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖后,全世界广泛认可人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是引起子宫颈癌的最主要生物学因素。HPV病毒的持续感染在子宫颈癌的发生、发展过程中起了重要作用。本文就HPV病毒的生物学结构、女性生殖道HPV病毒的感染途径以及HPV病毒诱发子宫颈癌机制的最近的研究进展进行扼要综述。  相似文献   

5.
A set of 300 vaginal smears was interpreted by 13 cytologists from six European laboratories, who were requested to report inadequate and suboptimal smears. the set had been appropriately seeded to reach approximately 10% inadequate and 20% suboptimal smear frequency. According to the majority report, 230 smears were classified as adequate (76.7%), 43 as inadequate (14.3%), and 27 as suboptimal (9.0%). Agreement with the majority report ranged from 52% to 91% (average 78%). Kappa statistics for reporting inadequate smears showed a high level of agreement for five cytologists, and fair to good agreement for eight. In contrast, K statistics for reporting suboptimal smears showed fair to good agreement with the majority report only in five instances, whereas agreement was poor for eight cytologists. ‘Inadequate smear’rates may be used to compare the quality of smears received in different laboratories, as there is a high level of agreement among cytologists as to what constitutes an inadequate smear. However, this is not true for ‘suboptimal smear’ rates, and more precise reporting criteria must be defined and tested if an intermediate category is to be retained to report poor quality smears: more precise reporting criteria must be defined and tested if an intermediate category is to be retained to report poor quality smears. Une série de 300 frottis cervico-vaginaux a été examinee par 13 cytologistes appartenant à 6 laboratoires européens auxquels il avait été demandé de signaler les frottis inadéquats et sub-optimaux. Cette série de frottis a été constituée de façon à atteindre approximativement une fréquence de 10% de frottis inadéquats et de 20% de frottis sub-optimaux. Si I'on considère les réponses faites par la majorité des cytologistes, 230 frottis ont été classés adéquats (76,7%), 43 classés inadéquats (14,3%), et 27 comme sub-optimaux (9,0%). La concordance avec les réponses de la majorité des cytologistes varie de 52%à 91% (moyenne 78%). Concernant le signalement des frottis inadéquats, le test Kappa est excellent pour 5 cytologistes et moyen à bon pour les 8 autres. Au contraire, pour le signalement des frottis sub-optimaux, le test Kappa montre un accord moyen à bon avec les réponses de la majorité seulement dans 5 cas alors que I'agrément est mauvais pour 8 cytologistes. La fréquence des frottis inadéquats peut être utilisée pour comparer la qualité de prélèvement du frottis dans différents laboratoires, alors que les comparaisons de la fréquence des frottis sub-optimaux sont discutables, du fait d'un biais de diagnostic évident. Des critéres plus précis pour le signalement des frottis sub-optimaux doivent étre définis et testés si cette catégorie doit être retenue pour rapporter les frottis de mauvaise qualité. 300 Abstriche wurden durch 13 Zytologen aus 6 europäischen Laboratorien hinsichtlich der Kriterien ‘unbrauchbar’und ‘suboptimal’beurteilt. Die Sammlung enthielt etwa 10% unbrauchbare und 20% suboptimale Präparate. Mehrheitlich wurden 230 Abstriche als auswertbar (76,7%), 43 als unbrauchbar (14,3%) und 27 als suboptimal (9,0%) bezeichnet. Die Statistik ergab hinsichtlich der unbrauchbaren Abstriche eine ausgezeichnete Ûbereinstimmung für 5 und eine gute Ûbereinstim-mung für 8 Zytologen. Demgegenüber zeigte sich hinsichtlich der Beurteilung suboptimal nur 5mal eine gute und 8mal eine schlechte Ûbereinstimmung. Damit ist die Kategorie suboptimal ungeeignet zum Vergleich und bedarf einer genaueren Definition wenn sie für die Qualitätskontrolle eingesetzt werden soll.  相似文献   

6.
肿瘤细胞可以释放DNA进入患者的血浆/血清中,并可作为无创伤性诊断肿瘤的标记物。采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链式反应(MS-PCR)结合亚硫酸盐测序法对151例宫颈癌患者血浆和对应的30例组织中E-钙黏着蛋白基因启动子区甲基化状态进行检测,并与化学发光法检测患者血清的鳞状上皮癌抗原(SCC)相比较,发现此方法的灵敏度为40.39%,特异性为100%,正确性为49.72%,血浆和组织的符合率为76.67%。宫颈炎、子宫肌瘤和正常人的血浆中均未检测到甲基化状态的存在。随着临床分期和组织学分级的增加,E-钙黏着蛋白基因甲基化的检出率也在逐渐增加,与SCC结果相比,MS-PCR方法在早期和恶性度高的宫颈癌中的诊断效果良好。使用E-钙黏着蛋白基因作为分子标记可以对宫颈癌患者进行无创伤性早期诊断和预后的评估。  相似文献   

7.
目的 应用SYBR实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测MCPH1/BRIT1 mRNA的表达.方法 提取人宫颈癌总RNA,经逆转录PCR获得靶基因(MCPH1)及管家基因(GAPDH)的CDNA,采用SYBR Green 荧光实时定量法检测,以GAPDH基因作为内参,计算各组MCPH1 mRNA的相对表达量.结果 在31例宫颈癌标本中,MCPH1基因mRNA的表达,19例癌比正常低,1 例癌比正常高,其余标本无统计学意义;6例癌比癌旁低,1例癌比癌旁高,其余无统计学意义.结论 利用SYBR实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测出人宫颈癌中MCPH1基因mRNA的表达下调,为进一步研究MCPH1在宫颈癌中的作用及功能奠定了基础.  相似文献   

8.
9.
应用第二代基因杂交捕获技术(HC-Ⅱ)对7068例21-58岁妇女官颈细胞进行13种高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA的检测。该人群中13种高危型HPVDNA的总检出率为23.45%。在检出的1440例HPV阳性者中,宫颈癌、官颈上皮内高度病变(CINⅡ/Ⅲ)及宫颈上皮内低度病变(CINⅠ)的高危型HPVDNA检出率分别为100%、100%、65.06%。女性生殖道高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌及CIN流行的主要危险因素,提示言颈癌的防治应重点预防HPV感染,而对HPV感染的筛查和密切监测应是已感染高危型HPV的对象;  相似文献   

10.
目的:探讨宫颈癌热灌注化疗栓塞的治疗作用及对临床疗效的影响因素分析。方法:对34例宫颈癌病人进行子宫动脉热灌注化疗及栓塞术,分析肿瘤病理类型,肿块大小,周围浸润及淋巴结转移情况等因素对介入治疗的影响。结果:经过对临床疗效的多因素分析肿块大小对治疗效果影响最大,其次为病理类型。其余影响较小。结论:宫颈癌热灌注化疗栓塞术是治疗宫颈癌的一种适合疗法,尤其适用于肿块较小的病人。可以使疾病得到有效控制,增加手术机会。  相似文献   

11.
A yearly pattern in the occurrence of uterine cervical cancer (UCC), obtained from cytological examinations reported as type V (cases concluding a malignant alteration), has been previously shown for data obtained in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico) for a span of 10 years (1978-1987), with a peak of relative incidence in the month of February being highly stable for consecutive years. With the aim of extending and validating those results, we analyzed the monthly totals of positive detected cases of UCC in the states of Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas (covering most of Northern Mexico) during the same period. To eliminate bias due to the seasonal variation in the number of screening smears, data were first expressed in relation to the number of cytological examinations done the same month. The least-squares fit of a 1 -year cosine curve to the data of relative incidence in the four states reveals a statistically significant yearly pattern (p = .008), with a maximum of relative incidence in February almost double that during the rest of the year. Results indicate that the relative incidence of UCC is higher than the yearly average during the winter, with secondary peaks in May and October. In view of the nonsi-nusoidal waveform in the incidence of UCC, we undertook a multiple-component analysis, allowing several cosine functions to be simultaneously fitted to the data. Results indicate that the yearly pattern in the relative incidence of UCC can be represented by a model that includes two components with periods of 12 and 4 months (p = .004). The same model can be documented as statistically significant independently for each of the four states. These results, summarizing over 2200 positive cases of UCC detected in more than 1,100,000 screening smears, are in full agreement with those found previously for part of the state of Nuevo Leon and reveal a highly stable and predictable yearly pattern of variation in the relative incidence of UCC in Northern Mexico. (Chronobiology International, 13(4), 305-316, 1996)  相似文献   

12.
目的:探讨小剂量顺铂用于子宫动脉化疗联合放疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效。方法:选择2010年8月~2012年8月我院收治的中晚期宫颈癌患者75例,根据不同治疗方案将其分为单纯放疗组25例(单纯采用放疗治疗)、小剂量动脉化疗组25例(同时放化疗,顺铂周疗的剂量控制在20 mg·m-2)及标准剂量静脉化疗组25例(同时放化疗,顺铂周疗的剂量控制在40 mg·m-2)。观察并比较三组患者的临床疗效、两年生存率及毒性反应发生情况等。结果:小剂量动脉化疗组与标准剂量静脉化疗组的总有效率及两年生存率显著高于单纯放疗组(P0.05),小剂量动脉化疗组的总有效率和两年生存率高于标准剂量静脉组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。单纯放疗组及小剂量动脉化疗组的毒性反应发生率显著低于标准剂量静脉组(P0.05);单纯放疗组与小剂量动脉化疗组患者的毒性反应发生率对比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:小剂量顺铂动脉化疗可以有效降低中晚期宫颈癌患者的急性毒性反应,值得临床进一步推广应用。  相似文献   

13.
Over a 4-year period, three of 22 infants born in a desert-dwelling chacma baboon troop (Papio ursinus) survived to more than 6 months of age. Tick infestation and infant kidnapping by adult females were the main causes of infant death. The high neonatal mortality resulted in a rapid birth rate through a decrease in duration of interbirth intervals for mature females. There were more adult male deaths in the troop than adult female deaths. Males died from canine inflicted wounds sustained during fights.  相似文献   

14.
宫颈癌组织人乳头瘤病毒的荧光偏振基因分型   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15  
采用荧光偏振人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)分型新方法探讨了8种常见型别HPV在陕西宫颈癌患者中的流行情况。首先,用HPV GP5 /GP6 通用引物PCR扩增65例早期宫颈癌(Ⅱa期内)和72例慢性宫颈炎病变组织DNA粗提物,继之将模板指导的末端延伸反应与荧光偏振检测技术结合(TDI-FP),用GP5 /GP6 扩增区内的HPV6、11、16、18、31、33、35和58型特异性探针与PCR产物杂交后,荧光素标记的特异碱基(TAMRA-ddTTP或R110-ddGTP)在GP5 /GP6 产物中相应的模板指导下,掺入延伸至相应探针末端,致使对应的TAMRA或R110 FP值升高,从而对扩增的HPV阳性产物进行HPV分型。65例宫颈癌患者中检出HPV57例,阳性率87.69%,72例慢性宫颈炎患者中检出HPV28例,阳性率38.89%,两组间HPV阳性率有显著性差异。宫颈癌与慢性宫颈炎患者中4种最常见的HPV型别分别是HPV 16(45.6%)、HPV 18(22.8%)、HPV 58(17.5%)、HPV 31(7.02%)和HPV 16(35.7%)、HPV 11(32.1%)、HPV 6(21.4%)、HPV 18(10.7%)。慢性宫颈炎患者中检出的HPV型别57.14%属高危型。HPV 16在两组中均最为多见。中国陕西宫颈疾病患者中HPV感染有其特点,世界范围内少见的HPV 58在陕西宫颈癌与慢性宫颈炎患者中均较为多见,在进行HPV新诊断方法及疫苗研制时应考虑到这种特点。  相似文献   

15.
Women with cervical smears showing borderline nuclear abnormality (BNA), or reactive changes in the form of squamous metaplasia (SM) or endocervical cell hyperplasia (ECH), were age-matched with healthy controls to determine the outcome of these conditions. No significant difference in the risk of dyskaryosis was observed in cases showing reactive changes and the controls. In contrast, there was a 23% excess of cases showing dyskaryosis in the repeat smears of cases of BNA over the controls. An odds ratio of 8.3 was obtained, showing dyskaryosis in subsequent smears after a diagnosis of BNA.  相似文献   

16.
A. Repše‐Fokter, A. Pogačnik, V. Snoj, M. Primic‐Žakelj and M. S. Fležar
Review of negative and low‐grade cervical smears in women with invasive cervical cancer after the first 3 years of the national cervical screening programme in Slovenia Objective: The purpose of the study was to perform a national review of negative, low‐grade and inadequate smears reported during the latest screening period before cervical cancer diagnosis in 2006, after the first 3 years of the screening programme. Methods: Among 162 new cervical cancer cases there were 47 (29%) without previous cytology, 47 (29%) with one high‐grade smear prior to diagnosis and 68 (42.0%) with at least one previous negative, low‐grade, atypical or inadequate smear 1–40 months before diagnosis. Of the latter 68 cases, 37 patients with 59 smears (together with 118 control slides) were included in the review as 31 had smears reported at laboratories no longer operating. Findings were related to the last cytology report before diagnosis as well as to histological type and stage of the cancer. Results: In our study group, 19 (51%) of 37 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 15 (41%) adenocarcinoma and 3 (8%) adenosquamous carcinoma, compared with 121 (75%), 26 (16%), 12 (7%), respectively, and 3 (2%) other types, for all carcinomas. Twenty‐one of 37 women also had high‐grade cytology prior to diagnosis of cancer. Women with previous cytology (with or without recent high‐grade smears) were more likely to have stage I cancers than those without cytology (P < 0.0001). The expert group upgraded 17/33 smears in the patients with squamous carcinomas, which was more than in those with adeno‐ and adenosquamous carcinomas (5/24, P < 0.05). Conclusion: As expected, a higher proportion of smears preceding adenocarcinomas were true negative. Under‐diagnosed smears were not related to cancer stage or last cytology report before diagnosis.  相似文献   

17.
靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA对宫颈癌CaSki细胞的抑制作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以RNA干扰技术为手段,HPV编码的癌蛋白E6为靶标.探讨靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA对宫颈癌细胞生物学行为的影响,并试图阐明该实验的临床意义.构建靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA表达载体,应用体外转染试剂转染HPV16-E6阳性的宫颈癌CaSki细胞.以RT—PCR检测CaSki细胞中E6蛋白的mRNA的表达.借助细胞色素c测定来分析细胞凋亡相关分子的表达和活性.从而研究靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA诱导细胞凋亡的分子机制.RT.PCR检测结果表明,将靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA的表达载体瞬时转染到HPV16-E6阳性的CaSki细胞后,其所舍E6蛋白质和mRNA的表达下调;Westernblotting栓出抑凋亡蛋白Bcl.2的表达亦告下调;细胞色素C释放实验结果显示,HPV16-E6siRNA能够诱导细胞色素c从线粒体释放到细胞浆中。从而诱导细胞凋亡.靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA能够有效抑制细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡.靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA为研究重要致瘤蛋白HPV16-E的功能开辟了新途径,给HPV16-E6阳性肿瘤的靶向基因治疗提供新的实验依据.并探索了HPV感染及宫颈癌的新基因疗法.  相似文献   

18.
目的:研究PB 方案(顺铂DDP、博莱霉素BLM),并了解其对Wee1 蛋白表达的影响。方法:1、用PB方案对64 例ⅠB~ⅡB 期宫颈癌病人进行介入化疗,观察化疗前后宫颈肿瘤体积变化及化疗后反应,评价介入化疗的效果。2、比较介入化疗后手术患者 (观察组)与直接手术患者(对照组)术中情况及术后病理情况,评价介入化疗的近期疗效。3、测定介入前后Wee1 表达的变化,及 与临床病理的关系,了解PB方案对Wee1 的影响。结果:PB 方案介入化疗的有效率(CR + PR)为87.5% ,缓解率为96.9%,34.4% 出现了发热反应,未见其他明显不良反应。试验组和对照组手术时间分别为(2.92 ± 0.3)h 和(3.28 ± 0.55)h,术中出血量分别为 (453.1 ± 131.9)mL和(542.8 ± 5.6)mL,两组在手术时间和术中出血量方面差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),两组术后在盆腔淋巴结 转移、脉管浸润、宫旁浸润及阴道切缘受累方面差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。PB 方案介入化疗后,Wee1 的表达较介入化疗前 显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),和临床分期、病理类型、淋巴结转移及病理分级无关,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结 论:PB介入化疗方案有效、低毒,对ⅠB~ⅡB期宫颈癌治疗具有较好的疗效,PB 方案是值得推广的介入化疗方案,Wee1 蛋白有 望成为监测PB 方案介入化疗疗效的指标。  相似文献   

19.
Two novel adenosine analogs, viz. 9-(1′-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-6-nitro-1,3-dideazapurine or Ara-NDDP (1) and 9-(5′-deoxy-5′-S-(propionic acid) (1′-β-D-ribofuranosyl) adenine or SAH analog (2), indigenously synthesized, have been found to be potential anticancer agents against cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus.  相似文献   

20.
目的:研究PB方案(顺铂DDP、博莱霉素BLM),并了解其对Wee1蛋白表达的影响。方法:1、用PB方案对64例ⅠB~ⅡB期宫颈癌病人进行介入化疗,观察化疗前后宫颈肿瘤体积变化及化疗后反应,评价介入化疗的效果。2、比较介入化疗后手术患者(观察组)与直接手术患者(对照组)术中情况及术后病理情况,评价介入化疗的近期疗效。3、测定介入前后Wee1表达的变化,及与临床病理的关系,了解PB方案对Wee1的影响。结果:PB方案介入化疗的有效率(CR+PR)为87.5%,缓解率为96.9%,34.4%出现了发热反应。未见其他明显不良反应。试验组和对照组手术时间分别为(2.92±0.3)h和(3.28±0.55)h,术中出血量分别为(453.1±131.9)mL和(542.8±5.6)mL,两组在手术时间和术中出血量方面差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),两组术后在盆腔淋巴结转移、脉管浸润、宫旁浸润及阴道切缘受累方面差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。PB方案介入化疗后,Wee1的表达较介入化疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),和临床分期、病理类型、淋巴结转移及病理分级无关,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论:PB介入化疗方案有效、低毒,对ⅠB~ⅡB期宫颈癌治疗具有较好的疗效,PB方案是值得推广的介入化疗方案,Wee1蛋白有望成为监测PB方案介入化疗疗效的指标。  相似文献   

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