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红霉素发酵工艺优化研究 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
通过摇瓶正交实验,得出7种营养成分对红霉素生物合成的影响程度,对发酵工艺条件进行了优化研究,找到了红色链霉菌抗噬菌体68#菌种生长的优化组合,得出快速碳源(葡萄糖)与慢速碳源(淀粉)配比为2.64时,有利于红霉素的生物合成。还原糖/氮为20,总糖/氮为80~120时对红霉素发酵极为有利。借助磷酸三钙、沸石对NH+的独特吸附和释放作用,将二者按5∶1混合配成吸附和吐纳效果很好的捕集剂,对发酵液中游离无机氮源进行控制,可使抗生素生物合成提高15%~29%。 相似文献
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用溴化乙啶或吖啶橙等诱变剂处理红霉素产生菌Str. Erythreus NRRL 2338原株得到了八株无活性变株,运用在固体或液体培养基上共合成的方法,对它们在红霉素生物合成的阻断部位进行了分类,对这些变株所积累的中间物,用薄层层析的方法进行了分析研究,发现有一株变株失去了质粒,不产生气生菌丝及孢子,对红霉素敏感,对这些变株的遗传学及质粒特征的研究表明,质粒可能参与红霉菌的孢于形成及色素产生,并可能与红霉素生物合成的某些阶段有关。 相似文献
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柔红霉素产生菌SIPI-1482中dnmV基因功能的阻断及恢复 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
dnmV基因产物为柔红霉素生物合成途径中TDP-6-脱氧己糖C4酮基还原酶,破坏该基因能阻断柔红糖胺的合成,进而阻断柔红霉素的产生。从天蓝淡红链霉菌(S. coeruleorubidus)SIPI-1482基因组DNA中经PCR扩增出dnmV及其上游dnmU基因片段,并由此构建了用于阻断dnmV基因的同源重组质粒pYG817,转化SIPI-1482菌株后成功地破坏了dnmV基因,发酵结果显示阻断突变株不再代谢产生柔红霉素,为引入新的基因来改变代谢产物的糖基结构打下了基础。通过导入dnmV基因表达质粒可重建该突变株的生物合成途径,恢复产生柔红霉素,但产量比出发菌株要低。 相似文献
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dnmV基因编码柔红霉素生物合成途径中TDP-柔红糖胺C4酮基还原酶。阻断基因组上的dnmV基因并导入源于阿维菌素生物合成途径的aveBIV基因可构建得到表柔红霉素工程菌。本文从高产的柔红霉素产生菌SIPI-DM中分别扩增dnmV基因两侧同源交换臂, 并在两侧交换臂中插入aveBIV基因构建用于置换dnmV基因的同源双交换重组质粒。经筛选及验证得到aveBIV基因直接置换dnmV基因的表柔红霉素工程菌, 且该工程菌基因组上不引入抗性基因, 有利于进一步的基因改造。 相似文献
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红霉素链霉菌的溶源转换研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2-62菌株是一溶源性菌株,合成红霉素能力稳定,气生菌丝生长良好。经42℃培养后筛选得到的4株无活性菌株(Em-)便不再释放噬菌体,成为去溶源菌株,并对P4噬菌体敏感。当此菌株再次溶源化后,又恢复了合成红霉素的能力,表明p4噬菌体与红霉素产生密切相关。 经诱变获得的1-9及10-25Em-菌株,气生菌丝生长受抑制,呈光秃型,经连续传代20次仍保持菌落类型纯一。当1-9及10-25菌株成为1-9(P4)及10-25(P4)时,选择恢复气生菌丝生长的菌落用琼脂块法测定,均获得产生红霉素的性能,并都释放噬菌体。说明P4噬菌体具有溶源转换的性能,它与红霉素的生物合成及气生菌丝的形成等性状相关。 相似文献
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Mironov VA Sergienko OV Nastasiak IN Danilenko VN 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》2004,40(6):613-624
Data on the structure and stages of biosynthesis of erythromycins, relating to (1) successive addition of L-mycarose and D-desosamine to the lactones erythronolide B and mycarosyl-erythronolide B, respectively, and (2) biotransformation of erythromycin D to erythromycin A, are presented. Pathways of biosynthesis of L-mycarose, D-desosamine, and methylmalonyl-CoA and methylpropionyl-CoA precursors of erythronolide B are reviewed, along with the properties of genes coding the enzymes involved. Possible mechanisms of biochemical and gene regulation of erythromycin biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora erythraea are discussed, including the role of factors ensuring predominant formation of the target product, erythromycin A. 相似文献
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Biogenesis and Regulation of Biosynthesis of Erythromycins in Saccharopolyspora erythraea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mironov V. A. Sergienko O. V. Nastasyak I. N. Danilenko V. N. 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2004,40(6):531-541
Data on the structure and stages of biosynthesis of erythromycins, relating to (1) successive addition of L-mycarose and D-desosamine to the lactones erythronolide B and mycarosyl-erythronolide B, respectively, and (2) biotransformation of erythromycin D to erythromycin A, are presented. Pathways of biosynthesis of L-mycarose, D-desosamine, and methylmalonyl-CoA and methylpropionyl-CoA precursors of erythronolide B are reviewed, along with the properties of genes coding the enzymes involved. Possible mechanisms of biochemical and gene regulation of erythromycin biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora erythraea are discussed, including the role of factors ensuring predominant formation of the target product, erythromycin A. 相似文献
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X. Zou W. -J. Li W. Zeng H. -F. Hang J. Chu Y. -P. Zhuang S. L. Zhang 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2013,49(2):169-175
The physiology of feeding ammonium sulphate in erythromycin biosynthesis phase of Saccharopolyspora erythraea on the regulation of erythromycin A (Er-A) biosynthesis was investigated in 50 L fermenter. At an optimal feeding ammonium sulphate rate of 0.03 g/L per h, the maximal Er-A production was 8281 U/mL at 174 h of growth, which was increased by 26.3% in comparison with the control (6557 U/mL at 173 h). Changes in cell metabolic response of actinomycete were observed, i.e. there was a drastic increase in the level of carbon dioxide evolution rate and oxygen consumption. Assays of the key enzyme activities and organic acids of S. erythraea and amino acids in culture broth revealed that cell metabolism was enhanced by ammonium assimilation, which might depend on the glutamate transamination pathway. The enhancement of cell metabolism induced an increase of the pool of TCA cycle and the metabolic flux of erythromycin biosynthesis. In general, ammonium assimilation in the erythromycin biosynthesis phase of S. erythraea exerted a significant impact on the carbon metabolism and formation of precursors of the process for dramatic regulation of secondary metabolites biosynthesis. 相似文献
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The erythromycin resistance gene (ermE) and part of erythromycin biosynthesis genes located in the same cluster with the ermE gene were cloned from S. erythraeus 3 subjected to improvement with respect to erythromycin production. For isolating the erythromycin biosynthesis genes, the plasmid vector pUC18 and the phage vector lambda EMBL3 were used. The ermE gene DNA was used as a labeled probe for analysis of the recombinant plasmids and phages. The recombinant phages lambda ermE1 and ermE4 containing fragments of the chromosomal DNA collinear to the genome DNA of S. erythraeus 3 were analyzed. The size of the cloned fragment of the chromosomal DNA of S. erythraeus 3 was about 20 kb. Subcloning with the vector pUS18 resulted in isolation of plasmids pSU235-pSU244 containing BamHI fragments of chromosomal DNA from S. erythraeus 3. The restriction map of the chromosomal region of S. erythraeus 3 containing the ermE gene was constructed. The cloned genes of erythromycin biosynthesis are useful in the study of their structure and functions, construction of integrative vectors, improvement of cultures producing macrolide antibiotics and isolation of genes responsible for biosynthesis of other polyketide antibiotics. 相似文献
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The heterologous production of complex natural products is an approach designed to address current limitations and future possibilities. It is particularly useful for those compounds which possess therapeutic value but cannot be sufficiently produced or would benefit from an improved form of production. The experimental procedures involved can be subdivided into three components: 1) genetic transfer; 2) heterologous reconstitution; and 3) product analysis. Each experimental component is under continual optimization to meet the challenges and anticipate the opportunities associated with this emerging approach.Heterologous biosynthesis begins with the identification of a genetic sequence responsible for a valuable natural product. Transferring this sequence to a heterologous host is complicated by the biosynthetic pathway complexity responsible for product formation. The antibiotic erythromycin A is a good example. Twenty genes (totaling >50 kb) are required for eventual biosynthesis. In addition, three of these genes encode megasynthases, multi-domain enzymes each ~300 kDa in size. This genetic material must be designed and transferred to E. coli for reconstituted biosynthesis. The use of PCR isolation, operon construction, multi-cystronic plasmids, and electro-transformation will be described in transferring the erythromycin A genetic cluster to E. coli.Once transferred, the E. coli cell must support eventual biosynthesis. This process is also challenging given the substantial differences between E. coli and most original hosts responsible for complex natural product formation. The cell must provide necessary substrates to support biosynthesis and coordinately express the transferred genetic cluster to produce active enzymes. In the case of erythromycin A, the E. coli cell had to be engineered to provide the two precursors (propionyl-CoA and (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA) required for biosynthesis. In addition, gene sequence modifications, plasmid copy number, chaperonin co-expression, post-translational enzymatic modification, and process temperature were also required to allow final erythromycin A formation.Finally, successful production must be assessed. For the erythromycin A case, we will present two methods. The first is liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to confirm and quantify production. The bioactivity of erythromycin A will also be confirmed through use of a bioassay in which the antibiotic activity is tested against Bacillus subtilis. The assessment assays establish erythromycin A biosynthesis from E. coli and set the stage for future engineering efforts to improve or diversify production and for the production of new complex natural compounds using this approach. 相似文献
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Effects of different nitrogen sources on the erythromycin production were investigated in 50 l fermenter with multi-parameter monitoring system firstly. With the increase of soybean flour concentration from 27 g/l to 37 g/l to the culture medium, the erythromycin production had no obvious increase. Whereas adding corn steep liquor 15 g/l in the medium was beneficial for the production of erythromycin, the maximum erythromycin production was 22.2% higher than that of the control. It was found that corn steep liquor can regulate and enhance the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) which characterizes the activity of the microbial metabolism by inter-scale observation and data association. Both Intracellular and extracellular organic acids of central metabolism were analyzed, and it was found that the whole levels of lactic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, and propionic acid were higher than those of control before 64th h. The consumption amount of amino acids, which could be transformed into the precursors for erythromycin synthesis (i.e. threonine, serine, alanine, glycine and phenylalanine), were elevated compared with the control in erythromycin biosynthesis phase. The results indicated that corn steep liquor can regulate OUR to certain level in the early phase of fermentation, and enhance the metabolic flux of erythromycin biosynthesis. Erythromycin production was successfully scaled up from a laboratory scale (50 l fermenter) to an industrial scale (132 m(3) and 372 m(3)) using OUR as the scale-up parameter. Erythromycin production on industrial scale was similar to that at laboratory scale. 相似文献
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Identification of a Saccharopolyspora erythraea gene required for the final hydroxylation step in erythromycin biosynthesis. 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5
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In analyzing the region of the Saccharopolyspora erythraea chromosome responsible for the biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin, we identified a gene, designated eryK, located about 50 kb downstream of the erythromycin resistance gene, ermE. eryK encodes a 44-kDa protein which, on the basis of comparative analysis, belongs to the P450 monooxygenase family. An S. erythraea strain disrupted in eryK no longer produced erythromycin A but accumulated the B and D forms of the antibiotic, indicating that eryK is responsible for the C-12 hydroxylation of the macrolactone ring, one of the last steps in erythromycin biosynthesis. 相似文献
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Yong Chen Mingzhi Huang Zejian Wang Ju Chu Yingping Zhuang Siliang Zhang 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2013,36(10):1445-1453
In this paper, several different fermentation experiments were designed to address whether modulating glucose and propanol feeds could benefit the production level of erythromycin during pilot plant (30 L) fermentation. Results showed that glucose feed rate (determined by a set high or low culture pH) had no effect on erythromycin production, indicating that glucose was not the limiting factor for erythromycin biosynthesis under these conditions. It was found that decreasing glucose feed could stimulate the consumption of propanol, and the high erythromycin production (12.49 ± 0.50 mg ml?1) was achieved by controlling the feed rates of glucose and propanol. The quantitative metabolic flux analysis disclosed that high propanol consumption increased the pool size of propionyl-CoA (~2.147 mmol g?1 day?1) and methylmalonyl-CoA (~1.708 mmolg?1 day?1). It was also found that 45–77 % of the propanol went into the TCA cycle which strengthened the conclusion that blocking the propionate pathway to TCA cycle could lead to a significant increase in erythromycin production in carbohydrate-based media (Reeves et al. Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 7:600–609, 2006). In addition, the results also suggested that a relative low intracellular ATP level resulting from low glucose feed did not limit the erythromycin biosynthesis, and a relatively high NADPH should be beneficial for erythromycin biosynthesis. 相似文献
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Dependence of erythromycin biosynthesis on the medium active acidity was studied by the following methods: by changing pH of the initial medium, by changing the concentration of the medium components determining the active acidity of the culture, by using buffer mixtures by automatic control of pH. It was found that pH of the initial medium within 5.7-8.1 had no effect on the culture growth. Biosynthesis of erythromycin markedly decreased at pH 6.3 or lower. The values of pH within 6.6-7.5 (optimal values 6.7-6.9) were favourable for the antibiotic biosynthesis. At pH 6.2-6.3 the antibiotic accumulation was equal to 5-10 per cent of the control. 相似文献