Health care cost of crusted scabies in Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory,Australia

BackgroundCrusted scabies is a debilitating dermatological condition. Although still relatively rare in the urban areas of Australia, rates of crusted scabies in remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory (NT) are reported to be among the highest in the world.ObjectiveTo estimate the health system costs associated with diagnosing, treating and managing crusted scabies.MethodsA disease pathway model was developed to identify the major phases of managing crusted scabies. In recognition of the higher resource use required to treat more severe cases, the pathway differentiates between crusted scabies severity grades. The disease pathway model was populated with data from a clinical audit of 42 crusted scabies patients diagnosed in the Top-End of Australia’s Northern Territory between July 1, 2016 and May 1, 2018. These data were combined with standard Australian unit costs to calculate the expected costs per patient over a 12-month period, as well as the overall population cost for treating crusted scabies.FindingsThe expected health care cost per patient diagnosed with crusted scabies is $35,418 Australian dollars (AUD) (95% CI: $27,000 to $43,800), resulting in an overall cost of $1,558,392AUD (95% CI: $1,188,000 to $1,927,200) for managing all patients diagnosed in the Northern Territory in a given year (2018). By far, the biggest component of the health care costs falls on the hospital system.DiscussionThis is the first cost-of-illness analysis for treating crusted scabies. Such analysis will be of value to policy makers and researchers by informing future evaluations of crusted scabies prevention programs and resource allocation decisions. Further research is needed on the wider costs of crusted scabies including non-financial impacts such as the loss in quality of life as well as the burden of care and loss of well-being for patients, families and communities.     

Role of secondary metabolites as defense chemicals against ice-ice disease bacteria in biofouler at carrageenophyte farms

Carrageenophyte farming is an expanding economical activity in North Borneo Island, Malaysia. During routine monitoring of “ice-ice” disease and epiphyte outbreak at commercial farms, it was apparent that culture lines were heavily (60–80%) infested with biofoulers, particularly Acanthophora spp. and Laurencia majuscula. However, only L. majuscula showed dominance and flourished even during “ice-ice” disease outbreak. Presence of chemical defense against seaweed pathogens was investigated in two populations of L. majuscula collected from three major carrageenophyte farms in two districts; (A) Lohok Butun, Selakan Island, and Bum-Bum Island, in Semporna district, and (B) Telutuh, Carrington Reef, and Balambangan Island, in Kudat district. The first population contained elatol (1), and iso-obtusol (2), and, second population contained (Z)-10,15-dibromo-9-hydroxy-chamigra-1,3(15),7(14)-triene (3) and (E)-10-15-dibromo-9-hydroxy-chamigra-1,3(15),7(14)-triene (4), as their antibacterial metabolites. All four metabolites showed highly selective inhibition against “ice-ice” disease bacteria compared to human pathogens at 30 μg disk⁻¹. In addition, seasonal variation of these compounds at two representative farms (Selakan Island [P-1] and Balambangan Island [P-2]) revealed a 120–170% increase in concentration during “ice-ice” disease outbreak. Microscopy of fresh specimens showed the presence of corps en cerise, which is the synthesis and storage site of halogenated metabolites at superficial cortical cells, branch tips, and trichoblasts. This suggests the importance of these metabolites as defense chemicals against “ice-ice” disease bacteria in L. majuscula that grows on seaweed culture lines.     

Books and the Child

Abstract

Jindra Capek (story by Max Bolliger), The Most Beautiful Song, Little, Brown: Boston, 1980, unpaged, $8.95 (boards)

Maurice Sendak, Outside Over There, Harper &; Row: New York, 1981, unpaged, $12.95

Chris van Allsburg, Jumanji, Houghton Mifflin: Boston, Mass., 1981, unpaged, $9.95

Anita Lobel (words by Arnold Lobel), On Market Street, Greenwillow: New York, 1981, unpaged, $8.95

Stephen Gammell (story by Olaf Baker), Where The Buffaloes Begin, Warne: New York, 1981, unpaged, $8.95

Nicola Bayley and William Mayne, The Patchwork Cat, Knopf: New York, 1981, unpaged, $8.95 (boards)

Jan Brett, Fritz and the Beautiful Horses, Houghton Mifflin: Boston, 1981, 32 pages, $8.95

Guy Billout, Thunderbolt and Rainbow: A Look at Greek Mythology, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1981, unpaged, $9.95 (boards)

Michael Foreman, Trick a Tracker, Philomel Books: New York, 1981, unpaged, $9.99

Monika Beisner (text by Alison Lurie), Fabulous Beasts, Farrar, Straus &; Giroux: New York, 1981, unpaged, $9.95

Leonard Baskin (words by the Baskin family), Hosie's Zoo, Viking: New York, 1981, unpaged, $10.95     

Economic and Health Impacts Associated with a Salmonella Typhimurium Drinking Water Outbreak?Alamosa,CO, 2008

In 2008, a large Salmonella outbreak caused by contamination of the municipal drinking water supply occurred in Alamosa, Colorado. The objectives of this assessment were to determine the full economic costs associated with the outbreak and the long-term health impacts on the community of Alamosa. We conducted a postal survey of City of Alamosa (2008 population: 8,746) households and businesses, and conducted in-depth interviews with local, state, and nongovernmental agencies, and City of Alamosa healthcare facilities and schools to assess the economic and long-term health impacts of the outbreak. Twenty-one percent of household survey respondents (n = 369/1,732) reported diarrheal illness during the outbreak. Of those, 29% (n = 108) reported experiencing potential long-term health consequences. Most households (n = 699/771, 91%) reported municipal water as their main drinking water source at home before the outbreak; afterwards, only 30% (n = 233) drank unfiltered municipal tap water. The outbreak’s estimated total cost to residents and businesses of Alamosa using a Monte Carlo simulation model (10,000 iterations) was approximately $1.5 million dollars (range: $196,677–$6,002,879), and rose to $2.6 million dollars (range: $1,123,471–$7,792,973) with the inclusion of outbreak response costs to local, state and nongovernmental agencies and City of Alamosa healthcare facilities and schools. This investigation documents the significant economic and health impacts associated with waterborne disease outbreaks and highlights the potential for loss of trust in public water systems following such outbreaks.     

Books and the Child

Abstract

Marion Endicott, Emily Carr: The Story of an Artist, Women's Educational Press: Toronto, Canada, 1981, 64 pages, n.p.i. (paperback)

Jean Lipman with Margaret Aspin-wall, Alexander Calder and his Magic Mobiles, Hudson Hills Press: New York, 1981, 96 pages, $15.00

M. B. Goffstein, Lives of the Artists, Farrar, Straus & Giroux: New York, 1982, unpaged, $8.95

Trina Schart Hyman, Self-Portrait, Addison-Wesley: Reading, Massachusetts, 1981, unpaged, $8.95

Andrew Glass, Jackson Makes his Move, Warne: New York, 1982, unpaged, $9.95

Tom Seidmann-Freud, The Magic Boat, Greenwillow: New York, 1981, unpaged, $5.95

Ernest Nister, Magic Windows, Philomel Books: New York, 1980, unpaged, $6.95

Lothar Meggendorfer, The City Park, Viking: New York, 1981, unpaged, $10.95

J. F. Schreiber (verses by Anthea Bell), The Great Menagerie, Viking: New York, 1980, unpaged, $7.95

Lothar Meggendorfer, International Circus, Viking: New York, 1980, unpaged, $7.95

Eric Hill, Spot's First Walk, G. P. Putnam's Sons: New York, 1981, unpaged, $7.95

Robert Crowther and lames R. Diaz (paper engineer), The Most Amazing Hide-and-Seek Counting Book, Viking: New, York, 1981, 14 pages, $8.95

Demi, Where is Willie Worm? Random House: New York, 1981, unpaged, $3.50

John Goodall and Tor Lokvig (paper engineer), PADDY FINDS A JOB, Atheneum: New York, 1981, unpaged, $6.95

Eric Carle, The Honeybee and the Robber, Philomel: New York, 1981, 15 pages, $10.95     

Stimulating the Need to Know…

Nations, James D. Tropical Rainforest: Endangered Environment . New York: Franklin Watts, 1988. 143 pp. $12.90 hardcover. Reviewed by Jorge Zamacona Evenes.

Sharp, D.W.A., ed. The Penguin Dictionary of Chemistry , 2d ed. New York: Penguin, 1990. 434 pp. $9.95 paperback. Reviewed by Wayne Hanley.

Hale, W.G., and J.P. Margham. The HarperCollins Dictionary of Biology. New York: Harper Collins, 1991. 569 pp. $12.95 paperback; $25.00 hardcover. Reviewed by Wayne Hanley.

Sparks, John, and Tony Soper. Penguins. New York: Fact On File, 1987. 246 pp. $1995 hardcover. Reviewed by Wayne Hanley.

Mountfort, Guy. Rare Birds of the World . A Collins/ICBP Handbook. New York: Penguin (The Stephen Greene Press), 1988. 256 pp. $2995 hardcover. Reviewed by John W. McLure.

Woodcock, Martin. Collins Handguide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent . New York: Penguin (The Stephen Greene Press), 1989. 176 pp. $11.95 paperback. Reviewed by James Scheib.

Harris, Michael. The Collins Field Guide to the Birds of Galapagos . New York: Penguin (The Stephen Greene Press), 1989. 160 pp. $1995 hardcover. Reviewed by Jim Fuller.

Brudenell-Bruce, P. G. C. The Collins Guide to the Birds of New Providence and the Babama Islands. New York: Penguin (The Stephen Greene Press), 1989. 142 pp. $14.95 paperback. Reviewed by Carol A. Thompson.     

Shearwater Pottery

Abstract

Joseph Low, Mice Twice, Atheneum: New York, 1980, unpaged, $9.95

Tony Ross (text by Bernard Stone and Alice Low), The Charge of the Mouse Brigade, Pantheon: New York, 1980, unpaged, $4.95 (boards). $4.95 (boards)

Stephen Gammell (3 stories by Malcolm Hall), And Then The Mouse, Four Winds Press: New York, 1980, 64 pages, $7.95

John Cameron, If Mice Could Fly, Atheneum: New York, 1979, unpaged, $8.95

Yutaka Sugita, The Mouse's Feast, Barron's: Woodbury, N.Y., 1980, unpaged, $6.95

Lillian Hoban (story by Marjorie W. Sharmat), Say Hello, Vanessa, Holiday House: New York, 1979, unpaged, $5.95

Len Norris (story by Jack Richards), Johann's Gift To Christmas, Scholastic: Ontario, Canada, 1980, 48 pages, n.p.i., (paper)

John Goodall's Theater, The Sleeping Beauty, Atheneum: New York, 1980, unpaged, $3.95 (paper)

And Other Friends: Richard Egieloki (story by Arthur Yorinks), Louis The Fish, Farrar, Strauss &; Giroux: New York, 1980, unpaged, $9.95

And Other Friends: Margot Tomes (story by Beatrice S. de Regniers), Everyone Is Good For Something, Houghton Mifflin: New York, 1980, unpaged, $8.95

And Other Friends: Ann Blades (story by Betty Waterton), A Salmon For Simon, Atheneum: New York, 1980, unpaged, $7.95

And Other Friends: Ann Toulmin-Rothe (story by lanthe Thomas), Willie Blows A Mean Horn, Harper: New York, 1981, unpaged, $7.95

And Other Friends: Anatoly Ivanov (retold by Barbara Cohen), Lovely Vassilisa, Antheneum: New York, 1980, unpaged, $9.95

And Other Friends: Demi, Liang And The Magic Paintbrush, Holt, Rinehart &; Winston: New York, 1980, unpaged, $9.95     

Obesity and Medicare Expenditure: Accounting for Age‐Related Height Loss

To determine the relationship between BMI and Medicare expenditure for adults 65‐years and older and determine whether this relationship changes after accounting for misclassification due to age‐related height loss. Using a cross sectional study design, the relationship between BMI and fee‐for‐service Medicare expenditure was examined among beneficiaries who completed the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) in 2002, were not enrolled in Medicare Health Maintenance Organization, had a self‐reported height and weight, and were 65 and older (n = 7,706). Subjects were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese (obese I), and severely obese (obese II/III). To adjust BMI for the artifactual increase associated with age‐related height loss, the reported height was transformed by adding the sex‐specific age‐associated height loss to the reported height in MCBS. The main outcome variable was total Medicare expenditure. There was a significant U‐shaped pattern between unadjusted BMI and Medicare expenditure: underweight $4,581 (P < 0.0003), normal weight $3,744 (P < 0.0000), overweight $3,115 (reference), obese I $3,686 (P < 0.0039), and obese II/III $4,386 (P < 0.0000). This pattern persisted after accounting for height loss: underweight $4,640 (P < 0.0000), normal weight $3,451 (P < 0.0507), overweight $3,165 (reference), obese I $3,915 (P < 0.0010), and obese II/III $4,385 (P < 0.0004) compared to overweight. In older adults, minimal cost is not found at “normal” BMI, but rather in overweight subjects with higher spending in the obese and underweight categories. Adjusting for loss‐of‐height with aging had little affect on cost estimates.     

Classroom Aids

Tekulsky, Mathew. The Butterfly Garden: Turning Your Garden, Window Box or Backyard into a Beautiful Home for Butterflies. Illustrated by Susanah Brown. Introduction by Robert Michael Pyle. Boston: The Harvard Common Press, 1985–144 pp., plus field notes. $8.95, paper. Reviewed by John W. McClure.

Lauber, Patricia. Dinosaurs Walked Here, and Other Stories Fossils Tell Us. New York: Bradbury Press. 56 pp., $15–95 cloth. Reviewed by Joseph Patrick Kennedy.

Kathlyn Gay. The Greenhouse Effect. Franklin Watts/A Science Impact Book, 1986. 87 pp. $10.90 hardcover. Reviewed by Arthur H. Doerr.

de la Cotardiere, Philippe, ed. Astronomy. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1987. 326 pp. $35.00 hardcover. Reviewed by Alan R. Newman.

Ehrlich, Anne H. and Paul R. Ehrlich. Earth. New York: Franklin Watts, 1987. 285 pp., $19.95 hardcover. Reviewed by Elisa Malcohn.

Branley, Franklin M. Star Guide. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1987. 51 pp. $11.95 hardcover. Reviewed by Joseph S. Tenn.

Ontario Science Centre. Foodworks: Over 100 Science Activities and Fascinating Facts That Explore the Magic of Food. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1987. 90 pp. $7.95 paper. Reviewed by Mary S. Duru.

Danks, Hugh. The Bug Book and the Bug Bottle , illustrated by Joe Weissman. New York: John Wiley &; Sons, 1987. 64 pp. and bottle, $7.95 paper. Reviewed by Arnold E. S. Gussin.

Bruno, Leonard C. The Tradition of Science: Landmarks of Western Science in the Collection of the Library of Congress. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1987, xi and 351 pp. $30.00 paper. Reviewed by G. F. Kohlbach.

Davis, Phillip J. and Reuben Hersh. Descartes' Dream: The World According to Mathematics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1987. xviii and 321 pp. 812.95 paper. Reviewed by Edwin Halfar.

Barash, David P. The Hare and the Tortoise. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. 351 pp. $7.95 paper. Reviewed by Robert W. Boenig.

Terres, John K. How Birds Fly. New York: Perennial library (Harper &; Row), 1987. 177 pp. $7.95. Reviewed by C. Bruce Hunter.

Dorros, Arthur. Ant Cities , a This Is a Let's-Read-and-Find-Out-Science Book. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1987. 32 pp. $12.70 hardcover. Reviewed by John W. McClure.     

On Your Mark,Get Set…

Abstract

Eric Hill, My Pets, The Park, at Home and Up There, (Baby Bear Books), Random House: New York, 1983, unpaged, $1.95 each (board pages)

Dayar Kaur Khalsa, The Baabee Books, Tundra: Montreal, Canada, set of 4, $12.95., (board pages)

Kay Charo, Kate's Car (Box, Quilt and Snowman), Dutton: New York, 1982, unpaged, $3.95 each (boards)

Colin McNaughton, At Playschool, Philomel: New York, 1982, unpaged, $3.95 (boards)

E. H. Shepard (words by A. A. Milne), Pooh's Counting Book, Dutton: New York, 1982, unpaged, $4.95 (board cover)

Arthur Dorros, Alligator Shoes, Dutton: New York, 1982, unpaged, $3.95 (boards)

Tana Hoben, Round & Round & Round, Greenwillow: New York, 1983, unpaged, $9.50

Nicole Rubel, Me and My Kitty, Macmillan: New York, 1983, unpaged, $7.95     

Walker Evans: Florida

Six Views of a Greek Village Everyday is not a Feast Day (1980, color, 110 minutes; video sale, $150) Thread of the Needle (1982, color, 22 minutes; video sale, $50) Let's Get Married! (1985, color, 35 minutes; video sale, $60) My Family and Me (1986, color, 65 minutes; video sale, $100) A Hard Life (1988, color, 55 minutes; video sale, $90) Charcoal‐Makers (1990, color, 30 minutes; video sale, $55) Filmmaker‐anthropologist: Colette Piault. All films available in 16mm, 1/2‐in. video. Distributed by Les Films du Quotidien, 5 rue des Saints‐Pères, 75006 Paris, France. Tel: 1–42 60 25 76; fax: 1–42 61 67 92); or Dr. Peter Allen, 98 Transit Street, Providence, R.I. 02906 (Tel: 401/274–2397; fax: 401/456–8379).

The Nehru Dynasty Life and Death of a Dynasty Produced by Anne and Robert Drew; narrated by Cliff Robertson. 1991, 90 minutes, color and black‐and‐white, 1/2” videotape, narration in English. Distributor: Direct Cinema Limited, P.O. Box 10003, Santa Monica, CA, 90410. Tel: (800)525–0000; Fax: (313)396–3233. Institutional sale, $195.00; rental $85.00.     

Morphological and molecular identification of Colletotrichum siamense,a novel leaf pathogen associated with Sterculia lanceolata recorded in China

Sterculia lanceolata, an important tropical woody plant, has high ornamental and medicinal value. To our knowledge, only brown root disease in this plant has been reported. In Nanning, Guangxi, China, an outbreak of leaf blight disease was observed on S. lanceolata in June 2019, with the leaf infection rate ranging from 80% to 100%. The disease seriously affected the leaves of trees and caused economic loss. Eight isolates were recovered from the infected leaves of different trees, and the pathogenicity was then determined by the methods of mycelial disc and conidial suspension, fulfilling Koch's postulates. According to the morphological and molecular biological characteristics of isolates, the pathogen causing leaf blight on S. lanceolata was identified as Colletotrichum siamense. Accurate identification of the pathogen provides a reliable basis for the control of the disease.     

Art in the Making

Abstract

There's Pigs and Pigs: Erik Blegvad, The Three Little Pigs, Atheneum: New York, 1980, 32 pages, $8.95.

There's Pigs and Pigs: Joseph Jacobs, The Story of the Three Little Pigs (illust. by Lorinda B. Cauley), Putnam: New York, 1980, unpaged, $8.95.

There's Pigs and Pigs: Margaret Wise Brown (illust. by Ann Strugnell), Once Upon a Time in a Pigpen, Addison-Wesley: Reading, Mass., 1980, 64 pages, $10.95.

There's Pigs and Pigs: Miska Miles (illust. by Leslie Morrill), This Little Pig, Dutton: New York, 1980, unpaged, $6.95.

Picture Books: William Steig, Gorky Rising, Farrar, Strauss &; Giroux: New York, 1980, unpaged, $10.95.

Picture Books: Charles Keeping, Willie's Fire-Engine, Oxford University: New York, 1980, unpaged, $10.95 (boards).

Picture Books: Lydia Pender (illust. by Judith Cowell), The Useless Donkeys, Warne: New York, 1979, unpaged, $9.95.

Picture Books: Lillie D. Chaffin (illust. by Lloyd Bloom), We Be Warm Till Springtime Comes, Macmillan: New York, 1980, unpaged, $9.95.

Picture Books: Kate Canning, A Painted Tale, Barrons: Woodbury, N.Y.: 1979, unpaged, $6.95 (boards).

Historical Explorations: Maurice Boutet de Monvel, Joan of Arc, Viking: New York, 1980, 55 pages, $12.95.

Historical Explorations: Mitsumasa, Anno, Anno's Medieval World, Philomel Books: New York, 1980, 48 pages, $9.99.

Historical Explorations: Peter Spier, People, Doubleday: New York, 1980, unpaged, $10.00.

Historical Explorations: John S. Goodall, An Edwardian Season, Atheneum: New York, 1980, unpaged, $7.95.

Historical Explorations: Miriam Schlein (illust. by Erik Hilgert), I, Tut, Four Winds Press: New York, 1979, unpaged, $7.95.     

Darkroom Magic

Abstract

S. D. Schindler (story by Phyllis Krasilovsky), THE FIRST TULIPS IN HOLLAND, Doubleday: New York, 1982, unpaged, $12.95 (boards)

Tomie de Paola, Francis: The Poor Man of Assisi, Holiday House: New York, 1982, unpaged, $14.95

Piero Ventura (story by Gian P. Ceserani), Marco Polo, Putnam: New York, 1982, unpaged, $9.95 (boards)

Demi, The Adventures of Marco Polo, Holt, Rinehart &; Winston: New York, 1982, unpaged, $6.95 (boards)

Bernice Loewenstein (text by Dan Beekman), Forest, Village, Town, City, Thomas Crowell: New York, 1982, 40 pages, $9.50

Huck Scarry, Life on a Barge, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1982, 70 pages, $9.95, (boards)

Douglas Florian, The City, Thomas Crowell: New York, 1982, unpaged, $8.95

Byron Barton, Airport, Thomas Crowell: New York, 1982, unpaged, $9.95

Gail Gibbons, Trucks, Thomas Crowell: New York, 1981, unpaged, n.p. i

Robert Quackenbush, City Trucks, Albert Whitman: Chicago, 1981, unpaged, n.p.i. (boards)

John Lim, Merchants of the Mysterious East, Tundra: Plattsburgh, N.Y., 1981, 32 pages, $12.95

Sandra J. Russell, A Farmer's Dozen, Harper: New York, 1982, unpaged, $8.95

Mary Azarian, A Farmer's Alphabet, David Godine: Boston, Mass., 1981, 62 pages, $6.95

Victoria Chess, Alfred's Alphabet Walk, Greenwillow: New York, 1979, unpaged, $7.95

Jack Kent (“story” by M. Elting and M. Folson), Q IS FOR DUCK, Clarion Books: New York, 1980, unpaged, $8.95 ($3.95 paper)

Borje Svensson (paper engineering by James Diaz), BLOCK BOOKS (LETTERS, NUMBERS, COLORS, ANIMALS), Viking: New York, 1981, unpaged, $2.50 each     

Metaphoric Mirrors on the Wall

Abstract

Bary Moser, ALICE's Adventures in Wonderland (Lewis Carroll), University of Calif. Press, 1982, 148 pgs., $24.95.

Richard Floethe, Pinnochio (Carlo Collodi), Philomel Books: New York, 1982, 239 pgs., $3.95, (paper).

Gerald McDermott, Carlo Collodi's Pinnochio, (translated and adapted by Marianne Mayer), Four Winds Press: N. Y., 1981, 122 pgs., $14.95.

Michael Hague, The Wizard of Oz (L. Frank Baum), Holt, Rinehart & Winston: New York, 1982, 219 pgs., $18.95.

Allen Atkinson, The Tale of Peter Rabbit and Other Stories by Beatrix Potter, Knopf: New York, 1982, 141 pgs., $16.95.

Mercer Mayer, Favorite Tales from Grimm (retelling by Nancy Gardner), Four Winds: New York, 1982, 224 pgs., $15.95.     

Art Work Shops for Children Where they Create Real Toys

Abstract

Legends Revisited: Brothers Grimm (illust. by Lisbeth Zwerger), Hansel and Gretel, Morrow. New York, 1979, unpaged, $7.95

Legends Revisited: Errol le Cain (story by James Riordan), The Three Magic Gifts, Oxford University Press: New York, 1980, unpaged, $9.95 (boards)

Legends Revisited: Harold Berson, Charles And Claudine, Macmillan: New York, 1980, unpaged, $8.95

Legends Revisited: Walter D. Myers (illust. by Alice and Martin Provensen), The Golden Serpent, Viking: New York, 1980, unpaged, $9.95

Legends Revisited: Gerald McDermott, Sun Flight, Four Winds Press: New York, 1980, unpaged, $10.95

Legends Revisited: P. L. Travers (illust. by Leo and Diane Dillon), Two Pairs of Shoes, Viking: New York, 1980, unpaged, $10.95

Legends Revisited: Airdrie Amtmann (retold by Joseph Jacobs), The Stars In the Sky, Farrar, Strauss &; Giroux: New York, 1979, 25 pages, $6.95

Legends Revisited: Lee Lorenz, Scornful Simkin, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1980, unpaged, $8.95

Assorted Cats &; Friends: Ronald Himler (story by Douglas F. Davis), The Lion's Tail, Atheneum: New York, 1980, unpaged, $8.95

Assorted Cats &; Friends: Evaline Ness, Fierce: The Lion, Holiday House: New York, 1980, unpaged, $8.95

Assorted Cats &; Friends: Nadja Maril (paintings by Herman Maril), Runaway Molly Midnight, The Artist's Cat, Stemmer House: Owings Mills, Md., 1980, 25 pages, $5.95 (paper)

Assorted Cats &; Friends: Colin McNaughton, Soccer Crazy, Atheneum: New York, 1981, unpaged, $8.95 (boards)     

Books and the Child

Abstract

Jutta Ash (from a Crimm tale), RAPUNZEL, Holt, Rinehart & Winston: New York, 1982, unpaged, $10.95

Lorinda B. Cauley, THE GOOSE AND THE GOLDEN COINS, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich: New York, 1981, unpaged, $11.95 ($5.95 paper). Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

Graham Percy (adapted from Perrault), SLEEPING BEAUTY, Knopf: New York, 1980, unpaged, $1.75 (boards). Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

George Overlie (story by Pamela Espeland), THE STORY OF BAUCIS AND PHILOMON, Carolrhoda Books: Minneapolis, 1981, unpaged, n.p.i. Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

Michael Hague (retold by K. & M. Hague), THE MAN WHO KEPT HOUSE, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich: New York, 1981, unpaged, $11.95. Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

Donald Carrick, HARALD AND THE GIANT KNIGHT, Clarion Books: New York, 1982, unpaged, $10.95. Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

Annie Gusman (written by Arthur Crowley), THE WAGON MAN, Houghton Mifflin: Boston, 1981, unpaged, $8.95. Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

Diane Good (story by Louise Moeri), THE UNICORN AND THE PLOW, Dutton: New York, 1982, unpaged, $8.95. Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

Victoria Chess (story by Larry Bograd), LOST IN THE STORE, Macmillan: New York, 1981, unpaged, $8.95. Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

Edward Gorey (story by Florence P. Heide), TREEHORN'S TREASURE, Holiday House: New York, 1981, unpaged, $7.95. Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.

Ernest Goldstein, EDWARD HICKS: THE PEACEABLE KINGDOM and WINSLOW HOMER: THE GULF STREAM, Garrard Publishers: Champaign, Illinois, 1982, 48 pages, $8.95 (each) from the “Let's Get Lost in a Painting” series. Reviewed by Kenneth Marantz.     

Reconstructing Colonization Dynamics of the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni following Anthropogenic Environmental Changes in Northwest Senegal

BackgroundAnthropogenic environmental changes may lead to ecosystem destabilization and the unintentional colonization of new habitats by parasite populations. A remarkable example is the outbreak of intestinal schistosomiasis in Northwest Senegal following the construction of two dams in the ‘80s. While many studies have investigated the epidemiological, immunological and geographical patterns of Schistosoma mansoni infections in this region, little is known about its colonization history.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results show that S. mansoni parasites are very successful in colonizing new areas without significant loss of genetic diversity. Maintaining high levels of diversity guarantees the adaptive potential of these parasites to cope with selective pressures such as drug treatment, which might complicate efforts to control the disease.     

Book reviews

Reading National Geographic Lutz, Catherine A., and Jane L. Collins. Reading National Geographic. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1993, xvii, 309 pp., illus., 2 appendices, index. Paper, $19.95, hdbk., $59.95.

The Cinema of John Marshall . Edited by Jay Ruby. New York: Harwood Academic Publications, 1992. Photographs. Maps. Charts. Index. 282 pp. Filmography. Index. $58.00 or £30, hardcover; $24.00 or £14, paper.

The Cinematic Griot Stoller, Paul, The Cinematic Griot: the Ethnography of Jean Rouch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. 247 pp., photographs, index. $39.95 hardbound, $16.95 paper.     

加州鲈源鰤鱼诺卡氏菌的分离鉴定及致病性

[背景] 鰤鱼诺卡氏菌（Nocardia seriolae）是一种严重危害水产养殖业的病原菌,可引起以体表溃疡、出血及组织器官形成结节为特征的鱼类慢性肉芽肿疾病,目前尚无有效的防治方法。[目的] 明确引起安徽省临泉县某养殖场加州鲈（Micropterus salmonoides）结节病的病原菌,探讨其致病性,为该病的有效防治提供科学依据。[方法] 取肝脏结节病灶接种于TSB培养基分离优势细菌,利用表型检查结合分子生物学方法鉴定分离菌株。进一步通过检测分离菌株的毒力基因、测定其对加州鲈的半数致死量（LD₅₀）以及所感染加州鲈的组织病理学变化与组织载菌量,分析其致病性。[结果] 从病鱼体内分离到一株优势菌株NI,综合NI分离株的表型特性、16S rRNA基因序列与鰤鱼诺卡氏菌参考株相应序列的一致性以及特异性PCR扩增结果,确定其为鰤鱼诺卡氏菌。鰤鱼诺卡氏菌NI分离株携带毒力基因gapA、ibeA和mip,人工回归感染后加州鲈出现与自然病例相似的症状,其对加州鲈的LD₅₀为2.58×10⁶ CFU/尾。组织病理学观察到头肾、心脏、肝脏、胃和脾脏均出现慢性肉芽肿病变,肠管肌层疏松、肠绒毛脱落,肌肉组织中肌纤维疏松、间隙增宽。qPCR检测结果显示,组织中鰤鱼诺卡氏菌载量由高到低依次为头肾、心、肝、胃、脾、肠和肌肉。[结论] 鰤鱼诺卡氏菌是引起此次加州鲈结节病的病原菌,对该菌致病性的研究为加州鲈诺卡氏菌病的防控提供了理论依据。